Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons^™

Effect Of Preprandial Consumption Of Cacao Nibs Vs. Pecans On Appetite, Rebecca Borjas, Khadeja Ghaniezadeh, Eunice Tay

Loma Linda University Research Reports

PURPOSE. The purpose of this graduate student research study is to compare the differential effects of cacao nibs and pecans on calorie intake. METHODS. Participants (n=34) were asked to log food intake for three days (Tuesday through Thursday) for three weeks. They were instructed to consume an intervention (cacao nibs or pecans) 15‐30 minutes prior to mealtime with one 8 oz cup of water. During week one, participants were asked to complete questionnaires. During week two they were asked to log their usual intake. During week three, they consumed cacao nibs as intervention. During week four, they consumed pecans as …

Nutrition Students’ Perception Of Osce & Its Effect On Perceived Readiness To Clinical Placement, Elaf Farahat

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Objective: Explore nutrition and dietetic students’ perception of the educational value of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE) and to examine the change in their perceived readiness to practice after completing three OSCEs.

Participants: Students from the Schools of Public Health (SPH) and Allied Health Professions (SAHP) enrolled in Medical Nutrition Therapy course, mean age 26.6±5.4 years, 95% females (n=37).

Methods: Mixed-method sequential exploratory design. Three focus group discussions (11 participants) were conducted as part of the qualitative phase to elicit themes related to perception of OSCE as an education tool. In the quantitative phase, a pre-post test design …

Update - June 2013, Loma Linda University Center For Christian Bioethics

Update

In this issue:

-- Will You Be a Provider or a Professional?
-- The Jack Provansha Bioethics Lecture Opens LLU School of Medicine Alumni Convention
-- From the Director - One Generation to the Next
-- Animal Rights: A Call to Commitment
-- Vegetarianism: The Interface of Science & Values
-- Bioethics at the Alumni Postgraduate Convention
-- Obamacare and the Future of Loma Linda
-- Center's Bioethics Grand Rounds: Poetry at the Bedside

Effects Of Photovoice On Youth Perceptions Of Healthy Food Access In The Built Environment, Sharlene A. Gozalians

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background. Minority communities are at a higher risk for chronic diseases related to obesity because they lack access to stores that have affordable, fresh, nutritious foods that are necessary for a healthy diet. Photovoice can serve as a tool to engage youth in positive health behaviors and behavior change. Healthy food access has been analyzed based on nutrition, yet there is a lack of literature as to what factors enable and prevent access to healthy foods.

Methodology. The purpose of this study was to determine if a photovoice intervention would create a difference in perception of food access, empowerment …

The Association Of Diet With Affect, Patricia Ann Ford

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids have been associated with mental health yet few studies have examined whether foods protective or deleterious for cardiovascular disease affect mood. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between consumption of foods typical of Mediterranean and Western diets and fatty acids with positive and negative affect.

Adventist church attendees residing in North America completed a validated food frequency questionnaire in 2002-6 as part of the Adventist Health Study-2. A subset of these participants ^=9,121) completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) in the Biopsychosocial Religion and Health Study conducted in 2006-7. …

The Effect Of Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis On Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome, Samer Hammoudeh

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Several criteria establish the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, including high waist circumference, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides and glucose and above normal blood pressure. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is on the rise following the rise in obesity across the globe. Qatar, a country in the Arabian Peninsula shares the burden of obesity with recent studies showing prevalences of'---61% among women and —39% among men. These studies found that metabolic syndrome is more common among women. Physical activity helps reduce visceral …

Psychological Profiles In A Female Bariatric Surgery Sample, Aimee L. Donato

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Morbid obesity is an epidemic. Current literature suggests that people with morbid obesity tend to show increased levels of psychological dysfunction. This is especially pertinent to the clinicians who work with morbidly obese patients who seek bariatric surgery as the method for weight control. Surgery should be performed on patients who are psychologically ready to adjust to the stringent post-operative lifestyle.

The purpose of the present study was (1) to compare two groups of bariatric patients (a White group and a non-White group) on pre-surgery measures: specific scales on the Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic (MBMD), the Beck Depression Inventory II …

Parental Influences In Child Obesity, Janel Lynn Calinisan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

One of the greatest concerns in American society is peoples’ health. In the past several years there has been an overwhelming increase in obesity in Americans. This concern relates not only to adults, but also to children, as more are found to be overweight. Many factors have been suggested as to why more children are becoming obese, including parenting, demographics, physical activity, nutrition, and biological factors. Studies have shown that parental influence or involvement can be related to child obesity such that neglected children were more likely to be obese in adolescence and sustain it through adulthood. In order to …

Attitudes Of Preventive Care Specialists And Registered Dietitians Toward Their Obese Patients, Maryanna Gabriel

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to compare preventive care specialists and registered dietitians regarding attitudes toward obese patients, to compare both groups with Canadian and American nurses previously studied, and to determine whether relationships exist between personal characteristics and attitudes toward obese patients. Questionnaires were sent to members of the American Preventive Care Association and 1,000 randomly selected members of the California Dietetic Association. Sixty-seven preventive care specialists and 579 registered dietitians participated in the study. A modified version of the Attitudes Toward Obesity scale, developed by Bagley, et al. was used to measure attitudes. Preventive care specialists and …

The Effects Of A Hypocaloric Diet Enriched In Oleic Acid Using Almonds Versus Complex Carbohydrates On Metabolic And Anthropometric Parameters During Weight Reduction, Michelle Ann Wien

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of almonds rich in oleic acid as an alternative to complex carbohydrates on metabolic and anthropometric parameters during weight reduction and to evaluate self-reported satiety and satisfaction. A convenience sample of 57 adults was recruited from the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program at City of Hope National Medical Center. Subjects were randomized to an almond-enriched hypocaloric diet or to a complex carbohydrate-enriched hypocaloric diet for twenty-four weeks. Mixed model analysis showed that the use of almonds more favorably influenced weight loss (p< 0.0001), body mass index (p = 0.0001), waist circumference (p = 0.0255) and fat mass (p = 0.0205) compared to complex carbohydrates. Additionally, blood ketone levels were statistically significantly higher in the almond group (p = 0.0230) than in the complex carbohydrate group. No significant difference was found in the total cholesterol:HDL ratio between the groups, however both groups had statistically improved ratios over time with resulting decreases in cardiovascular risk. The glucose (p = 0.0006), insulin (p< 0.0001), insulin:glucose ratio (p = 0.0008), HgbAlc (p

Effects Of High Fruit Intake On Systematic Blood Pressure In African Americans, Leonard L. Gibbons

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This randomized dietary intervention trial examined the effects of a high fruit diet on systemic BP in African-Americans. Thirty-eight free-living subjects with systolic BPs between 130-159 mm Hg and diastolic BPs between 85-99 mm Hg, were enrolled for a six week period. The cases were given daily supplements of potassium rich foods: bananas, orange juice and raisins, while no dietary advice or food was given to the controls.

After six weeks, the means systolic BP was 5.79 mm Hg ( p=.009) lower in the cases than the controls. The mean diastolic BP at week six was 3.76 mm Hg (p=.047) …

The Relationship Of Dietary And Lifestyle Factors To Bone Mineral Density Of Healthy Singaporean Chinese Women, Ampai Dana Aimsiri

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Few studies have examined the risk factors associated with reduced bone mass in Asians, but none specifically investigated Singaporean Chinese women. The subjects in this study were 16 premenopausal, 8 perimenopausal and 13 postmenopausal women who participated in a larger study which began in 1986. Bone density was measured in 1986 and 1992. Dietary and lifestyle data were collected for this study by personal interview. Association between dietary and lifestyle factors and bone density variables and change in bone density at the end of the 6 year period were assessed by univariate regression analyses.

Postmenopausal women had significantly lower baseline …

Diet And Colon Cancer Risk In The Population Of Thailand, Nithat Sirichotiratana

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Epidemiological studies have emphasized environmental influences, especially a diet high in animal fat and low in fiber, as major risk factors for colon cancer. In order to examine the relationship between dietary fat and fiber and occurrence of colon cancer, patient medical records from the National Cancer Institute between 1981-1991 were used for the first hospital-based case-control study of diet and colon cancer in Thailand. These records included a total of 168 cases and 357 controls. Data on the frequency consumption of various food items were obtained by using an existing food frequency questionnaire, completed as part of patient’s history …

Nutrient Intake And Urine And Serum Calcium Response To A Low Calcium Diet And Repletion, Nancy Roberts

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A high percentage of American women do not consume the Recommended Dietary Allowance for calcium. Marginal intake of calcium (Ca) in the years when peak bone mass is being formed may have a detrimental impact on bone later in life. This study looked at the effect of low Ca intake and other dietary components on serum and urine values of Ca as well as the response to repletion.

Seventeen free-living females, age 21 to 30 years, were placed on a low Ca diet (/day) for 22 days after a baseline of intake >800 mg/day for at least 6 weeks. Calcibind …

Dietary And Hormonal Evaluation Of Men At Risk For Prostate Cancer, Donald J. Pusateri

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Relationships between dietary nutrients and plasma and fecal estrone, estradiol-17β, testosterone, and plasma prolactin levels were studied in young Seventh-day Adventist men: 18 nonvegetarians (NV), 20 lacto-ovovegetarians (LOV), and 15 vegans (V). Blood samples and 3 d dietary records were obtained. Contemporaneously collected diet composites and stool samples were analyzed for fiber. The vegetarians consumed significantly more fiber than the omnivores, while NVs and LOVs consumed more saturated fat than the Vs. Although plasma steroid hormone status did not differ, the Vs had significantly higher fecal estrogen levels than the NVs or LOVs. Plasma prolactin levels were significantly higher in …

Binding Of Steroid Hormones In Vitro By Water-Insoluble Dietary Fiber, Crystal G. Whitten

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Previous work conducted in our laboratory has shown that steroid hormones bind to natural (e.g., brans, oat hulls) and purified (e.g., cellulose, lignin) fiber components. To explore this relationship further, we assessed the in vitro binding of estrone, estradiol-17β, and testosterone to a water-insoluble fiber fraction obtained from composite food samples of 18 Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) nonvegetarian (NV), 20 SDA lacto-ovovegetarian (LOV), and 15 SDA vegan (V) men. Three-day dietary food records and 72-hr food composites were obtained contemporaneously from each subject. The LOV and V subjects consumed significantly more crude, dietary and water-insoluble fiber than the NV subjects. Water-insoluble …

Time Delayed Protein Complementation, Diana L. Lakusta

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The time delayed complementation of plant proteins was tested in weanling Sprague-Dawley male rats by measuring growth rates as well as plasma and tissue free amino acids. Diets of pinto beans with rice, corn or wheat were pair-fed in combination or alternating 4 times a day at 6 and 11 am, and 4 and 9 pm for 4 weeks. Plasma, liver and muscle samples were obtained 2 hours postprandial, a time determined most suitable for sacrifice, and analyzed for free amino acids via ion-exchange chromatography. There were no significant differences in growth of rats fed combination or alternating diets.during week …

The Effect Of Dietary Fat Level On Tumor Development And Immunity In Balb/C Mice Fed Casein Of Wheat Gluten As Protein And Challenged With Herpes Type 2-Transformed Cells, Helen Drakou

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A high percentage of fat in the diet has been implicated through epidemiological studies in several human cancers. Studies in experimental animals have produced evidence that increasing the fat in the diet decreases the animal’s ability to restrict tumor development and growth. In previous work done in this laboratory with BALB/c mice injected with herpes simplex Type 2-transformed mouse cells (H238), the effects of a diet which greatly enhanced tumor growth was compared with one which restricted tumor growth. The latter, a low (5%) fat, low protein diet, in which the protein was casein, was also found to produce a …

The Relationship Between Meat Consumption And The Biological Determinants Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk, Fred E. Kollwitz

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Fasting blood samples were collected from 26 omnivore and 27 vegetarian men (35-60 years of age), who were not taking any medications and by self-assessment were in good health. The following analyses were done: glucose (Glu), glycohemoglobin (HBA1), total serum cholesterol (chole), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDD, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), platelet factor four (PF4), and beta-thromboglobulin (BTG). In addition, the blood pressure (BP) was determined.

The systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic BP (p=0.016) were lower in the vegetarian subjects than in the omnivores. The serum total cholesterol levels were also lower in the vegetarian subjects compared to the omnivores (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in Glu, HBA1, LDL, VLDL, HDL, PF4, and BTG levels between the two groups.

Customer And Food Item Selection Forecasting In A Hospital Cafeteria, M. Sue Davis

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

For many years various types of forecast models have reportedly been used in hospital foodservice systems to estimate the patient census level or meal demand for menu items. None of these reports have dealt with the application of forecast models in a hospital cafeteria setting. The purpose of this study was to test selected forecast models in a hospital setting to determine the one that most accurately predicted the number of customers utilizing the cafeteria on a particular day, and the number of servings of a specific food item that was utilized at selected meals. Historical data was used to …

Clinical Dietetic Technician A.D.A. Role Delineation Verification, Carol S. Hilovsky

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The changing role of the clinical dietitian has resulted in evaluation and identification of the appropriate role for the clinical dietetic technician. In 1981 the American Dietetic Association published the Role Delineation for Entry Level Clinical Dietetics including the responsibilities for the clinical dietetic technician practice level. Research comparing actual role performance of clinical dietetic technicians to the role defined in the delineation study was not found in a review of the literature.

This research was conducted to verify the degree to which clinical dietetic technicians are performing tasks identified for their role and to identify educational deficiencies and/or excesses. …

The Effect Of Dextrose Ingestion On Cardiovascular Endurance, Judith M. Axford

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of dextrose on cardiovascular endurance. The subjects were nineteen male students enrolled at Loma Linda University in Riverside, California. The subjects were exercised to their maximum while being tested on the treadmill.· Subjects were each tested twice. Thirty minutes before exercising, they ingested one hundred grams of dextrose for one test and ten ounces of sugar-free Kool-aid for the second test. The difference in exhaustion times was then recorded.

The data indicated that dextrose ingestion decreased exhaustion time on the treadmill. Subjects were able to exercise for a longer period of time …

Cost-Benefit Analysis Of Computer Systems In Community Hospital Food Service, Beverly Kittle

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cost containment has always been a major concern to managers. Therefore, any system which decreases costs by reducing labor time is given serious evaluation.

A five week comparison was made between financial record keeping by the manual method and by the computerized method. A continuous time study was utilized to make this comparison.

Over the five weeks, an average overall time savings of 245 minutes for the computerized versus the manual method was observed. The net savings to the institution was 223 minutes per week which translates to approximately $140.00 per month over a 5 year period.

The rapid payback …

The Copper Status Of Vegetarian And Non-Vegetarian Men, Susan Bruce

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In this study, the copper status of 18 vegetarian and 17 non-vegetarian men were compared. Copper status was assessed by determining red blood cell superoxide dismutase (RBC-SOD) activity and plasma copper. Plasma copper levels were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Plasma cholesterol, triacyclglycerols, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol VLDL cholesterol were also determined. Twenty-four hour recalls and three-day food records were obtained to determine copper, zinc, energy, protein, fat, fiber, saturated fat, oleic acid, linoleic acid and cholesterol intake. Non-vegetarians had a significantly higher plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol than vegetarians. They also had a significantly higher cholesterol, saturated fat, percent …

Work Function Analysis Of Vegetarian Entree Production, Susan Maloney, Kathleen Z. Zolber

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Data on actual labor time can be utilized as an effective management tool. With labor cost representing about 50 percent of direct cost in food service, it is essential to examine how labor time is being utilized.

A continuous time study was conducted to determine the total labor time for the production of eight vegetarian entrees. The two work areas observed were the ingredient assembly area and the cooks' production area. This labor time was recorded by Work Functions to find the dis- tribution of labor time. Data from the observations were compiled using an Apple II computer system. Reports …

The Effects Of A Protein Sparing Modified Fast On Insulin And Glucagon Levels, Elizabeth Anne Shirley

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A total of 18 obese men and women volunteered and participated in a seven-day protein sparing modified fast providing 400 calories per day. The subjects were concurrently participating in an eight-week weight control program combining the facets of nutrition education, group therapy, and values clarification. The modified fast, which was optional, was conducted during two different time periods with a conventional low calorie diet prescribed during the four-week interval.

The diet formula consisted of a high biological value protein, dried egg white, and either glucose or corn starch as the carbohydrate source. The composition of the diets varied as follows: …

The Mutagenicity Of Nutmeg, Mace And Black Pepper And Some Oil Constituents, Vernon Lee Crain Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Three spices, nutmeg, mace and black pepper, and selected oil constituents, safrole, eugenol and myristicin, were tested for mutagenicity using the Aines test.

Safrole, an oil constituent, is a weak hepatic carcinogen in the rat and mouse. Safrole metabolites are more mutagenic than the parent compound. Myristicin and eugenol are structurally related to safrole and break down into similar metabolites as safrole. All three are present in nutmeg, mace and black pepper. These three spices were tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsomal mutagenicity test using strains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TAlOO with and without metabolic activation. Safrole, eugenol and …

The 24-Hour Dietary Recall By Telephone Using A Food Model Book, Lois-Ann Klemm

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine how well a group of ten men and eight women who attended one of four dinners could estimate measured and weighed portions of ten test foods by a 24-hour dietary recall over the telephone, with and without a food model book.

A paired t-test indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the 24-hour dietary recalls estimated by the total group with and without the food model book. However, the standard deviation for the dietary recall using the food model book was less than half that of the recall from memory …

Utilization Of Dietetic Technicians In Hospitals, Elmer Beck

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

There is a shortage of educationally qualified dietetic technician personnel in the health care industry. The job opportunities for dietetic technicians exceed the supply. Because of this shortage and the need to deliver high quality nutritional care to individuals and groups, dietitians should function at the highest level of professional competency. To accomplish this goal requires delegating certain routine task functions to the dietetic technician.

The purpose of this research was to determine the degree of change between 1973 to 1977 in the willingness of dietitians to delegate task function to the dietetic technician. The instrument used to collect data …

Performance Of Task Functions By Dietetic Technicians, James C. Rose

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effective use of professional dietitians is predicated on the effective delegation of less demanding responsibilities and routine tasks to educationally qualified dietetic technicians. This is essential to effect optimal nutrition care at lowest cost.

The purpose of this research was to determine the degree to which dietetic technicians were performing identified tasks of the role as defined by the American Dietetic Association. A questionnaire was the survey instrument used to collect data from the 130 dietetic technicians who were members of the American Dietetic Association.

Task scores were derived by determining the average per cent of listed functions the …