Communication Sciences and Disorders Commons^™

A Study Of Certain Effects Of Local And Topical Anesthetics On The Speech Of Stutterers, Charles Michael Gross

Masters Theses

Chapter I

Introduction

Introductory Statement

The ability to monitor one's own vocal output is essential if one is to produce and maintain normal speech. Speech would become progressively defective if one were unable to detect errors in voice, articulation, or rate. The preservation and maintenance of speech require the coordination of several automatic systems in the human body. One of these systems includes the tactual-kinesthetic purpose of defining the tactual-kinesthetic role and its relation to feedback cues in the production of speech.

Since speech is controlled by more than one automatic feedback system, it is essential that an investigation of …

An Investigation Into The Possible Relationship Between Phonic Ability And Articulatory Defectiveness In University Students, Ralph W. Redel

Masters Theses

Introduction

Background

In 1938, Travis and Rasmus commented on a particular problem in pathology. They said, "From every angle, an adult with a disorder of articulation presents a much more serious problem than a child with such a defect" (40. p. 218). Their statement is an appropriate current evaluation of the same problem. The American Speech and Hearing Association's Committee on the Midcentury White House Conference reported that the incidence of articulatory disorders was equal, 3.3% for both children and adults in the United States (1). In 1962, Dopheide found that 36 out of 2,087 of the freshman entering Western …

An Investigation Of The Influence Of Certain Phonetic Contexts Upon Articulation Of The /S/ Sound, Theodore J. Peters

Masters Theses

Chapter I

The Background and Purpose of the Study

Introduction

Clinical experience as well as considerable research, which will be discussed later in this chapter, has shown that children are inconsistent in their misarticulation of speech sounds. Children who typically misarticulate a sound may, nevertheless, articulate the sound correctly in certain words. Several authors have suggested that these occasional correct productions of the usually misarticulated sound can be useful in therapy. For example, in a discussion of therapy techniques Van Riper (32, p. 273) has recommended the use of "key words" in helping a child correct his articulation errors:

Although …

A Study Of Verbal Output, Relating To Otsego Public School First Grade Students With Functional Articulatory Defects, John M. Bartholomy

Masters Theses

The Problem and Its Background

The Problem

The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not the verbal output of first grade elementary school children is reduced when one of the participants in conversational communication has an articulation speech defect. A speech defect has long been thought to cause a reduction in the verbal output of the possessor of that speech defect. This present study seeks to determine whether or not an articulatory speech defect also reduces the verbal output of the normal speaking person with whom he is communicating.

Listening Lessons In Connected Speech For Puerto Rican College Students For The Purpose Of Improving Aural Comprehension In English, Margaret F. Tucker

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

The University of Puerto Rico English staff members who are preparing teachers for the Island school system are concerned about the lack of effective training techniques which will develop the student's listening ability and thereby sharpen his comprehension of spoken English. Appropriate listening lessons to improve their understanding of connected speech are needed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the following hypothesis:

That additional materials for listening discrimination are needed for teaching English to Puerto Rican college students, and that paragraph listening lessons will provide varied auditory experience for sound discrimination training in learning English as a second …

A Translation And Analysis Of Portions Of The Russian Text The Art Of Oratory, Edited By A. Tolmachev, Moscow, 1959, Jack H. Butler

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

Ancient and modern authorities on rhetoric agree that the fundamental purpose of oral discourse is social coordination or control. This implies the use of speech as an instrument of communication by which ideas and feelings are conveyed from person to person. Speech, therefore, assumes a primary role in the outcome of history and the peaceful resolution of vital differences.

A Study Of The Relationship Between Presidential Inaugural Addresses, Socio-Political Ideologies And Presidential Policy, Floyd Samuel Ohler

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Character of Inaugural Addresses. Research concerning the character of the Inaugural Address reveals great diversity of opinion among writers. The New York Herald Tribune, after President Kennedy’s address, concluded that the function of an Inaugural address “to express… the essence of what (the President) proposes to do in the White House.” Dr. Claudius O. Johnson, in his book Government in the United States - after reviewing President Franklin Roosevelt’s first inaugural, wrote that in his address, the President “usually tries to smooth over some of the ill-feeling which recent partisan strife may have caused, appeals to all good citizens to …

An Investigation Into The Possible Relationship Between Reading Ability And Functional Articulatory Defective Speech, Joan Elizabeth Weir

Masters Theses

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between reading disability and defective articulation. An attempt has been made to determine whether or not children with functionally defective articulation have difficulty in reading.

It is conceivable that a deficiency in one or several areas of language development might impede or retard a child's academic achievement and might interfere with his emotional adjustment. This study was, therefore, undertaken, first to determine whether or not there is a difference in the reading ability of speech defective children as determined by valid and reliable measures, and the reading ability of …

Specific Language Disability As Related To Clinical Failure In Public School Speech Therapy, G. Lorraine Hansen

Masters Theses

Chapter I

Background of the Problem

Introduction. The term language as used in this thesis refers to the complex symbolic processes of speaking, reading, and writing. Speech is the primary process of language. Reading and writing are secondary processes formed by written symbols which reflect the primary symbols of speech. Due to the integral relationship of these elements, a facility or disability in one might affect the others. If this is true, then it might also be possible that one currently existing factor could affect the entire area of language including any, or all, of the interrelated processes. It is …

A Comparative Study Of Musical Memory In Children With Articulation Disorders And Normal Speaking Children, Alf E. Preus

Masters Theses

The Problem and Its Background

The Problem

The purpose of this study is to determine the possible differences in musical memory between a group of children with functional articulation disorders and a group of normal speaking children.

A Survey Of Speech Therapy Programs Of Selected School Districts Within A One Hundred Mile Radius Of Lodi, California, Edward O. Tempel

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Recognition of the need for special education for school children with speech handicaps was first made in Potsdam, Germany, in 1896. Twelve years later in 1908 the first public school class in speech correction in the United States was organized in New York City, Programs of speech and hearing re-education in the public schools of the United States have expanded from this single metropolitan system in 1908 to a nation-wide effort in little more than fifty years.

In the United States today more than two million school children require remedial services from competently trained speech clinicians. In California public schools …

An Examination Of Language Rehabilitation For The Cerebro-Vascular Accident, Pauline Elizabeth F. Stone

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

It is the purpose of this investigation to examine the theoretical and methodological developments in the field of aphasia, to examine therapeutic applications of such research and clinical material to the language rehabilitation of cerebrovascular accident patients, and to examine a number of existing language rehabilitation programs in the light of recent developments.

A Description And Analysis Of The Hearing Conservation Program Of The Office Of The Stanislaus County, California, Superintendent Of Schools, Robert Mccord Colville

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The primary purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive description of a school hearing conservation program that might be used by personnel planning other programs, to serve as a guide or for comparison. A secondary purpose of the study was to analyze and evaluate the hearing conservation program of the Office of the Stanislaus County Superintendent of Schools in order to find more efficient ways of administering and conducting the program and otherwise improve its effectiveness.

An Investigation Of The Identification Of One’S Own Voice By Speech Defective And Normal Speaking Children, Robert L. Frankenberger

Masters Theses

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to test the vocal self-identification ability of children with functional defects of articulation as compared to children with normal speech. An attempt has been made to determine whether the functional articulatory defective child is able to distinguish his recorded voice from voices of other children who possess no articulatory defects.

A Study Of The Adolescent Boy's Changing Voice, Harold Robert Estby

Graduate Student Research Papers

It was the purpose of this study (1) to arrive at an understanding of the vocal mechanism and how it changes during the changing voice period, (2) to discover what preparation can be made for the changing voice period, and (3) to find information on the changing voice period that would lead to an understanding ot how the changing voice develops and how it should be cared for and trained.

A Comparison Between Signal-To-Noise Ratios Of Stutterers And Normal Speakers, Allen A. Montgomery

Masters Theses

Chapter I

The Problem and Its Background

The Problem

The problem with which this study deals, involves the question: do adult stutterers and non-stutterers differ in their ability to separate auditorily a designated sound from a background of noise?

Review of Research

Research in the field of stuttering has covered a wide area. Stutterers' metabolism has been measured, their handedness determined, and their personalities evaluated. Recently, however, the research has taken a new direction. Since the early 1950's with the development of the discipline of cybernetics, it has dealt increasingly with stuttering in terms of auditory and proprioceptive feedback, self …

Critical Analyses Of Selected One-Act Plays For Use In Junior High School, Alice Margaret Hayes

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Production of plays and participation in plays should be integral parts of the junior high school program today, and there is a need for a critical analysis of plays of value and worth to the age-group that comprises the enrollment in a junior high school (ages 12-14). Lists of plays are available for the senior high school and for the elementary school but few studies have been made of plays suitable for the junior high school. There is no known analysis of such plays; hence, the need for this study. To know what is meant by plays of value and …

A History Of The Development Of Speech Correction In The San Francisco Unified School District, 1915-1956, Alfred Donald Cross

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Public school speech correction programs have existed for many years throughout the United States. Most of these programs have been involved. in one or more of the following experiences: expansion, enrichment, curtailment, and. withdrawal.

Statement of the problem, It is the purpose of this study (l) to investigate the historical development of the speech correction program in the San Francisco Unified School District; (2) to determine the major factors that influenced the direction of the development of the program; and. (3) to ascertain the positive determinants of improvement in the further development of the San Francisco public school speech correction …

A Rhetorical Criticism Of The 1952 Campaign Speaking Of Adlai E. Stevenson, Carroll G. Hylton

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

Political candidates' persuasive speaking has traditionally attracted much public attention. The influence of campaign speech in determining the outcome of a political contest is difficult to measure, but, judging from the vast amount of time and money expended on the preparation and delivery of this type of speech, it is considered an important part of any political campaign. This study deals with the 1952 Campaign speaking of Adlai E. Stevenson, a man who gave a new dimension to campaign oratory.

A Study Of The Nurse's Knowledge Of Speech Correction, Ben L. Guthrie

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

It was the purpose of this study: (1) to assess the nurse's knowledge of speech correction, and (2) to establish the basis for the development of a publication containing information about the speech handicapped especially designed for the nurse's use.

The Preaching Of H. Leo Boles, William S. Banowsky

Speech and Hearing Sciences ETDs

In the rich heritage of rhetoric, pulpit speaking has become one of the significant areas of public address. A wide gap would be left in the history of public address if pulpit orators were excluded from its heritage. In a sense, the history of this nation can be punctuated by a study religious speakers that have helped mold its development.

This study deals with the life and preaching of Henry Leo Boles, whose contribution to the dignity of the spoken word of the American pulpit has been significant. The pulpit ability of H. Leo Boles was no mere accident. He …

The Relationship Between Verbal Facility And Delayed Speech Feedback, Charles Joseph Arens

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Recorded Lateral Lisping On Listener Comprehension, Leslie Gene Adkins

Masters Theses

The Problem

This experiment was designed to test the effect of misarticulation on listener comprehension. Of the many authorities who suggest that poor speaking reduces comprehension, Knower, Phillips, and Koeppel state: "Poor speaking seems to be the least effective method of presenting informative materials. There is a direct relationship between the quality of speaking performance and the amount of material recall." One of the important factors which contributes to effective speaking is correct articulation. According to Van Riper and Irwin: "If you misarticulate your speech sounds, it interferes with communication, and your speech is judged as abnormal." Articulation defects are …

The Correspondence Of Error Between The Voiced And Unvoiced Cognates “S” And “Z” In Children With Articulatory Disorders, Gerald F. Johnson

Masters Theses

Introduction

The problem as set forth in this thesis is to determine the correspondence of error between the voiced and unvoiced cognates "s" and "z" in children with articulatory disorders. It has been assumed that the correspondence of error type would be high due to the similarity of the sounds. Anderson, for example, says that "much of what is true with respect to "s" applies with equal force to its voiced analogue "z"." The problem of this research is to determine whether there is any correspondence between the respective errors on the sibilants "s" and "z" and if they correspond …

An Investigation Of The Relationship Of Tongue Clicking To Mandibular Descent, Amy Louise Bricker

Masters Theses

Introduction

The movement of the tongue has been of concern for many years to the speech therapist. At one time tongue exercises were of prime importance in this field but due to the gross misuse of the exercises, they have now become of little importance. Only recently has the motor functioning of the tongue attracted renewed interest. Although the activity of the tongue has often been studied, none of the studies to our knowledge have included the control of jaw movement. Since the genio-glossus muscle serves as the bulk of the tongue and has its origin on the mandible, the …

An Analysis Of The Articulation Errors In Spontaneous Speech Of One Hundred Children With Lisps, Paula C. Downs

Masters Theses

The Problem

This study is an attempt to determine the nature and relative frequency of the articulation errors shown by one hundred school children with lisps.

The Importance of Investigating the Phenomenon of Defective Articulation

The incidence of speech defects in the child population has been found to range from five percent (5%) to ten percent (10%) of the total child population. A child's speech is considered defective when the listener gives as much or more attention to the manner in which the child speaks as he does to the idea being communicated.

A Study Of The Effects Of Delayed Side-Tone Upon Voiced And Whispered Reading Time, Bruce Presten Ryan

Masters Theses

Definition of Delayed Side-Tone

The term delayed side-tone feedback refers to the delaying of one's hearing of himself by a fraction of a second, so that instead of hearing himself as he normally does, he hears himself or his own speech a fraction of a second later.

...in order to produce delayed speech feedback it is necessary to return the speaker's speech to his own ears approximately one-means of a magnetic tape recording and reproducing machine which has used to experience the effect prominently since they deliver delayed speech and exclude the normal air-borne undelayed speech sound which provides the …

The Correlation Of Various Factors With The Speech Attitudes Of Students Enrolled At Lodi Academy During 1952-1953, Lucile Sherrig-Roth

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

It was the purpose of this study to determine by means of standardized tests and questionnaires which of the following thirteen factors, if any, may have affected the speech attitudes, as evaluated by Knower's Speech Attitude Scale, Form F,³ of students enrolled in Lodi Academy at the time of the testing: Physical--age, articulation, sex; Educational--grade level, oral reading, scholarship, silent reading; Psychological--emotional adjustment, intelligence, residence with parents, size of family, social adjustment, and unity of religious beliefs.

The Effect Of Recorded Stuttering On Listener Compression, Harold Walter William Homann

Masters Theses

Chapter I.

The Problem

Justification of this research. This experiment was designed to test the prevalent opinion that poor speaking reduces comprehension. Typical of such opinions is the conclusion of Knower, Phillips, and Koeppel¹, who state:

"The comparative effectiveness of speaking and oral reading as methods of presenting material depends upon the quality of performance. Poor speaking seems to be the least effective method of presenting informative materials. There is a direct relationship between the quality of speaking performance and the amount of material recalled. Poor speakers produced least recall."

Of the many factors which contribute to effective …

The Effects Of Manifest Anxiety On Stuttering Adaptation, Joseph Agnello

Masters Theses

I. Introduction

When stuttering behavior is viewed as a problem in learning, the phenomenon of adaptation frequently receives attention. A standard adaptation experiment consists of having the person who stutters re-read the same passage, or a passage of equal difficulty, a specified number of times. Under these conditions a relative reduction¹ in stuttering frequency usually occurs. Experimentalists and clinicians alike have long been puzzled as to why this decrement takes place, since stuttering is generally considered by many writers^2,3 as a self-reinforcing disorder; that is, stuttering produces more stuttering.

The present experiment was designed to investigate the effects, …