Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

An Innocent Bystander Walks Into A Bar: The Influence Of Temporal Proximity And Familiarity On Unconscious Transference, Nia Gipson

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

According to The Innocence Project, 69% of DNA exonerations in the United States involved mistaken eyewitness identification as a contributing factor to these errant convictions. Psychologists have contributed towards minimizing mistaken identifications by proposing best practices that law enforcement still follow today. One understudied cause of mistaken eyewitness identification is unconscious transference (UT). UT is a memory error in which a person encountered in an innocent context becomes confused with a person seen in a guilty context (Loftus, 1976). Past research has established some boundary conditions for when UT can occur; however, the limited methodology has resulted in narrow conclusions …

The Effects Of Consumer Loan Application Formats And Advertised Terms On Consumer Borrowing Decisions, Alicia M. Johnson

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Consumers continue to demonstrate a willingness to accrue more debt. They are also more accepting of increased repayment risk via the acceptance of longer loan terms. Extant research on consumer borrowing consists primarily of experiments designed to assess consumer choices and understand how consumers evaluate loan attributes in relation to one another within consumer borrowing contexts (Kamleitner, Hoelzl, and Kirchler 2012; Ranyard et al., 2006). Thus, prior research examines consumer responses to loan information rather than the generation of loan parameters at the time of financing. With important implications for consumers, marketers of financial products, academic researchers, and federal regulators, …

Mentors In Violence Prevention: Differential Impacts On Adolescent Bystander Intentions About Bullying, Dating Violence, And Sexual Harassment, Ayla Mapes

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Bystander approaches are promising interventions that can engage bystanders as prosocial allies to intervene in interpersonal violence situations among youth within school settings. The Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) bystander intervention program targets interpersonal violence using a peer-to-peer mentoring model to engage students in a discussion about violence prevention. Research on the MVP program is promising but limited. The current study examined the specificity of MVP intervention effects in two high school samples. The first was a pre/post-test design that included a smaller sample of high school students who participated in the MVP program in the 2013-2014 academic year. The …

Church, Country, Culture: How Three Aspects Of Authoritarianism Predict Support For Donald Trump, Trenton Leslie

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In the American bipartisan system, ideologies and beliefs create political views that sort voters between two groups. Political sorting increases polarization based on cultural preferences for an in-group that become ethnocentric views, which develop into ethnocentric cultural politics. I present an augmented concept of authoritarianism in America that encompasses sorting based on aspects of political belief, encapsulating sources of polarization and cultural attachments to political associations.

I develop the argument that authoritarianism is the result of political attachment to identities that feed off one another as individuals identify with an in-group, such as a party platform. My central theory is …

Results Of A Multi-Site Pragmatic Hybrid Type Iii Cluster Randomized Trial Comparing Level Of Facilitation While Implementing An Intervention In Community-Dwelling Disabled And Older Adults In A Medicaid Waiver, Sandra L. Spoelstra, Monica Schueller, Viktoria Basso, Alla Sikorskii

Open Access Publishing Support Funded Articles

Background: Evidence-based interventions that optimize physical function for disabled and older adults living in the community who have difficulty with daily living tasks are available. However, uptake has been limited, particularly in resource-constrained (Medicaid) settings. Facilitation may be an effective implementation strategy. This study's aim was to compare internal facilitation (IF) versus IF and external facilitation (EF) on adoption and sustainability of an intervention in a Medicaid home and community-based waiver.

Methods: In a hybrid type 3 trial, waiver sites (N = 18) were randomly assigned to implement the intervention using a bundle of strategies with either IF or IF …

Barriers To Care For Poststroke Visual Deficits In Alberta, Canada, Kiran Pohar Manhas, Karim F. Damji, Katelyn Brehon, Jennis Jiang, Peter Faris, Fiona Costello

Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences

Poststroke visual impairment (VI) negatively affects rehabilitation potential and quality of life for stroke survivors. In this cross-sectional observational study, stroke survivors and providers were surveyed to quantify perspectives regarding care for poststroke VI in Alberta, Canada (n = 46 survivors; n = 87 providers). Few patients (35%) felt prepared to cope with VI at the time of discharge from acute stroke and inpatient rehabilitation settings. Less than 25% of stroke survivors, and <16% of providers, felt referral processes were adequate. 95.2% of providers and 82% of stroke survivors advocated for a provincial clinical pathway to improve care quality for poststroke VI.

Overview Of Transition Care Clinics And Patient No-Shows, Manul Awasthi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Introduction

Transition care clinics (TCCs) have proven to be effective in meeting the time-sensitive needs of patients in the post-discharge period and ensuring smooth transitions of patients from hospital to home. These clinics have led to lower readmissions, lower emergency department visits, cost savings, and lower rates of other adverse events following discharge. However, TCCs, including the East Tennessee State University Family Medicine (ETSU-FM) TCC have been facing high rates of patient no-shows.

Aim

The aim of this dissertation is to identify the different components and outcomes of TCC based on the literature. We further aim to analyze the TCC …

Experiences With Vitamin A In Copperbelt Province, Zambia, Topacio Ortiz

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Zambians face high VAD rates, despite a mandate for fortified sugar and crops. Limited data have been collected from the most vulnerable segments of Zambia’s population; hence this study was designed as an initiatory study for future research to be conducted with primary school children and pregnant women in Zambian communities.

Once IRB approvals were obtained from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) and the Copperbelt University School of Medicine, data were collected in Zambia’s Copperbelt Province, in the cities of Ndola and Luanshya, during May …

Ribonucleotide Reductase Subunit Switching In Hepatoblastoma Drug Response And Relapse, Anthony Brown

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver cancer in infants and young children. Despite being a very rare cancer that accounts for only 0.5-2% if all childhood cancer cases, HB has the largest increase in incidence among childhood cancers in the United States and worldwide. The five-year survival rate of children with the aggressive forms of HB, including those that have developed metastatic or recurrent diseases, is less than 40% due to the lack of effective treatment. We aim to identify targetable mechanisms underlying the progression and drug resistance of high-risk HB. Our recent work on HB mouse and organoid …

An Investigation Into The Use Of Biomechanical And Performance Data From Vertical Jump Testing To Monitor Competitive Weightlifters, Dylan Suarez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This investigation aimed to employ novel analyses to longitudinal jump testing data gathered from competitive weightlifters to identify how certain biomechanical and performance characteristics obtained from the countermovement jump (CMJ) relate to changes in weightlifting performance over time and if they can differentiate higher and lower performers. A linear mixed-effect model was used to assess and compare the ability of countermovement jump height and net-impulse to predict Sinclair weightlifting total. CMJ force-time waveforms were compared in cross-sectional and repeated measures analyses to distinguish the force application patterns of higher-performing weightlifters and if they change over extended periods of training. It …

Listening To Remotely Monitored Home-Based Preferred Music For Pain In Older Adults With Low Back Pain: A Pilot Study Of Feasibility And Acceptability, Setor Kofi Sorkpor

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a complex, multifaceted, and widespread condition that impairs the quality of life of older adults aged 65 years or older. Although nonpharmacologic interventions informed by the biopsychosocial model are recommended as first-line therapy for LBP, pharmacologic therapies, including opioids, are commonly used as first-line interventions in practice. This could be attributed to a lack of understanding of the analgesic properties of most nonpharmacologic interventions. Nonetheless, some nonpharmacologic therapies, such as passive music listening, have been shown to modulate pain via pathways that target the neurophysiological mechanisms associated with pain.

Specific Aims: The specific aims …

Investigating Fruit And Vegetable Variety In A National Food Co-Op: A Brighter Bites Evaluation, Katherine G. Hearne

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

American children eat fewer fruits and vegetables (F&V) and less variety of F&V than recommended for health. Food cooperatives and other programs have become a popular way to increase F&V intake, but little is known about the variety of F&V distributed by these programs or its relationship with program attendance or child F&V intake. Brighter Bites is a national, school-based food co-op distributing rescued, donated, fresh F&V to families in low-income schools. We evaluated, for the first time, the variety of F&V Brighter Bites distributed to families in the 2018-2019 school year and the relationships between that variety and both …

Weight Maintenance, A Prognostic Factor That Mediates The Incidence Of Dementia: From Genetics To Etiologies, Sunny Chen

All Dissertations

Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease-related dementia is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people. The goal of this work is to investigate biological mechanisms such as weight loss and mitochondrial function that can serve as prognostic factors for dementia, healthy aging, and longevity.

Methodologies: This work consists of two separate systematic literature reviews, and an investigational study. The first review examined existing studies on weight trends in dementia. The second review investigated the role of mitochondria and its associated gene TOMM40 in aging. The third paper included a nested case control analysis of weight change patterns before and …

Three Essays About Preventing Mental And Behavioral Disorders, Snehal Lopes

All Dissertations

Prevention efforts in the public health field operate at various levels, including primary prevention among those without a disease of interest, secondary prevention among persons at high risk or showing early signs of the disease, and tertiary prevention among persons with the disease. The three essays presented in this dissertation are centered around the theme of prevention, and taken together, have implications for prevention at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. Specifically, the essays focus on the prevention of depressive disorders and the prevention of behavioral and mental health correlates for depression in the context of various populations (general adult, …

Adolescent Health Services: Access And Outcomes, Mackenzie Stuenkel

All Dissertations

Adolescence is a unique developmental period during which most lifelong mental health illnesses develop. Interventions and programs targeting adolescent health care utilization and effectiveness often fail to include measures of implementation science including long term sustainability and contextual characteristics. The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate two programs designed to increase health care utilization and engagement in adolescent populations. Guided by the Practical, Robust, Implementation and Sustainability Framework (PRISM), strengths and weaknesses across model delivery and context of School-based Health Centers (SBHC) were assessed through in-depth interviews with clinicians, managers, and school staff. SBHC outcomes and services were assessed …

Lifeline, Summer 2022, University Of Dayton

Alumni Communications

Alumni publication produced by the Premedical Programs Office at the University of Dayton

Lifeline, Summer 2022 (Accessible Version), University Of Dayton

Alumni Communications

Alumni publication produced by the Premedical Programs Office at the University of Dayton (accessible version)

Establishing The Content Validity Of A Student Pharmacist Patient Counseling Competency Assessment In Oncology, Matthew Newman, Emily Pherson, Bradley Burton, Eric C. Nemec

Physician Associate Studies Faculty Publications

Objective. The main goal of this project was to establish content validity and describe internal consistency of a patient counseling competency assessment instrument used to evaluate student pharmacists practicing in an oncology setting. Methods A modified e-Delphi panel of oncology clinical pharmacy specialists, clinical pharmacy generalists, and oncology pharmacy residents was employed. Iterative rounds of the e-Delphi process were conducted until consensus was reached on a majority of the instrument items. Consensus was defined as agreement by at least 75% of participants that an item was, or was not important. Internal consistency of defined sections of the instrument was determined …

Discrete Choice Experiments In Agricultural And Food Economics: Two Essays On Information Provision Modalities, Uncertainty Adjustment, And Hypothetical Bias, Monsoïa Arsène Juste Agossadou

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Stated discrete choice experiments are extensively used in applied economics to study preferences and valuation for new products, as well as costs and benefits of new policies and programs. Moreover, information provision experiments widely use the method to examine information effects on different outcomes. This thesis explores two methodological issues in discrete choice experiments: (i) information provision modalities and (ii) hypothetical bias. The first study examines the effect of information modality by testing the effect of using combined text script and audio clip (treatment) versus only text script (control) to convey information in discrete choice experiments. Specifically, the study elicits …

Determining The Effectiveness Of Virtually-Delivered Written Exposure Therapy For Treatment Of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Stephanie M. Haft

Dissertations

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted individuals with mental health issues (Swendsen, 2020). Although the peak destruction of the COVID-19 pandemic has passed, the psychological fallout remains. Social isolation, home confinement, and travel restrictions have exacerbated mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to negative psychological distress (Smith et al., 2020). Survivors of trauma have higher vulnerability to prolonged psychological distress than the general population and others with non-trauma-related mental health conditions, which has been exacerbated during and following the COVID-19 pandemic. For these reasons, survivors of trauma may particularly benefit from virtual-delivery of trauma-focused treatments. Mental health providers …

Screening Tcf19 And Kif18b To Determine Co-Regulation With Mybl1 In Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patient Tissues, Tyra Sharda Ivory

Theses (2016-Present)

The aggressive behavior in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is due to genetic signaling events, which call for the comprehensive analyses of genes differentially regulated in the cancers. Our laboratory previously found that MYBL1 was over-expressed in a fraction of the TNBC, compared to some luminal, and other breast cancer subtypes. The MYBL1 gene is a proto-oncogene that serves as a strong transcriptional activator. The gene is involved in signaling events related to cell cycle signaling, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, all which are differentially regulated in cancers. Because MYBL1 is a transcription regulator, involved in cancer-related mechanisms and differentially expressed in …

Inspire : Vol 5, Issue 8, Department Of Medicine

INSPIRE – Department of Medicine Archives

• Message from the Chair
• Medicine at National and International Forums
• AKU- AKHSP Research Bootcamp
• Multidisciplinary Webinar of colorectal cancer
• 19th Annual conference of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Society of Pakistan (MMIDSP)
• Dermatopathology Mock Workshop
• Student Activity - World Digestive Health Day
• Nephrology- Online certificate course
• Awareness Session - World Hepatitis Day
• In-depth- featuring Associate Prof. & Section Head (Gastroenterology) Dr Om Parkash
• Featured Faculty – Dr Lubna Kamani – Lecturer – Gastroenterology section “… An equal world is an enabled world…”
• Poem Section
• What are Academics Around the World Reading This Month?
• Publications

Informal And Incidental Learning In The Clinical Learning Environment: Learning Through Complexity And Uncertainty During Covid-19, Dimitrios Papanagnou, Karen E Watkins, Henriette Lundgren, Grace A Alcid, Deborah Ziring, Victoria J Marsick

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

In the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, where clinical environments are plagued by both uncertainty and complexity, the importance of the informal and social aspects of learning among health care teams cannot be exaggerated. While there have been attempts to better understand the nuances of informal learning in the clinical environment through descriptions of the tacit or hidden curriculum, incidental learning in medical education has only been partially captured in the research. Understood through concepts borrowed from the Cynefin conceptual framework for sensemaking, the early stages of the pandemic immersed clinical teams in complex and chaotic situations where there was …

Emergency Department Communication In Persons Living With Dementia And Care Partners: A Scoping Review, Christopher R Carpenter, Jesseca Leggett, Fernanda Bellolio, Marian Betz, Ryan M Carnahan, David Carr, Michelle Doering, Jennie Chin Hansen, Eric D Isaacs, Deborah Jobe, Kathleen Kelly, Nancy Morrow-Howell, Beth Prusaczyk, Bob Savage, Joe Suyama, Allan S Vann, Kristin L Rising, Ula Hwang, Manish N Shah

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: To synthesize published research exploring emergency department (ED) communication strategies and decision-making with persons living with dementia (PLWD) and their care partners as the basis for a multistakeholder consensus conference to prioritize future research.

DESIGN: Systematic scoping review.

SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: PLWD and their care partners in the ED setting.

METHODS: Informed by 2 Patient-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome (PICO) questions, we conducted systematic electronic searches of medical research databases for relevant publications following standardized methodological guidelines. The results were presented to interdisciplinary stakeholders, including dementia researchers, clinicians, PLWD, care partners, and advocacy organizations. The PICO questions included: How does communication differ for …

Expanded Use Of Point Of Care Ultrasound Curriculum For Attending Physicians, Kristine L. Schultz Md, Hanna R. Warren Do, Kevin R. Roth Do, Facoep, Claire L. Paulson Do

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

A Word From The Writing Team (August 2022), Pam Walter, Mfa, Liz Declan, Ma, Mfa

A Word From the Writing Team (Newsletter)

This issue includes:

• Upcoming Workshops
• Writing Opportunity
• Summer's End

Cervical Vasovagal Shock: A Rare Complication Of Incomplete Abortion Case Report, Willbroad Kyejo, Brenda Moshi, Vicky Kapesi, Gregory Ntiyakunze, Daudi Gidion, Munawar Kaguta

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Introduction and importance:  Cervical vasovagal shock is termed as stimulation either by instruments or products of conception at cervical os results into bradycardia and hypotension. In primary care settings cervical vasovagal shock can occur during insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) or any cervical stimulation during physical examination. This case we highlight an uncommon complication of incomplete abortion which is the rare cause of cervical vasovagal shock.

Case presentation:  A 42-year-old Gravida 3 Para 2 Living 2 with Gestational age of 12 weeks presented with vaginal spotting for 2 days. Initial examination she was conscious with normal vital signs. …

Integrated Regulation Of Pka By Fast And Slow Neurotransmission In The Nucleus Accumbens Controls Plasticity And Stress Responses, Rachel Thomas, Adan Hernandez, David R Benavides, Wei Li, Chunfeng Tan, Alan Umfress, Florian Plattner, Ayanabha Chakraborti, Lucas Pozzo-Miller, Susan S Taylor, James A Bibb

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cortical glutamate and midbrain dopamine neurotransmission converge to mediate striatum-dependent behaviors, while maladaptations in striatal circuitry contribute to mental disorders. However, the crosstalk between glutamate and dopamine signaling has not been entirely elucidated. Here we uncover a molecular mechanism by which glutamatergic and dopaminergic signaling integrate to regulate cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) via phosphorylation of the PKA regulatory subunit, RIIβ. Using a combination of biochemical, pharmacological, neurophysiological, and behavioral approaches, we find that glutamate-dependent reduction in cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)-dependent RIIβ phosphorylation alters the PKA holoenzyme autoinhibitory state to increase PKA signaling in response to dopamine. Furthermore, we show that …

Building Consensus For A Shared Definition Of Adverse Events: A Case Study In The Profession Of Dentistry, Amy Franklin, Elsbeth Kalenderian, Nutan Hebballi, Veronique Delattre, Jini Etoule, Joel White, Ram Vaderhobli, Denice Stewart, Karla Kent, Alfa Yansane, Muhammad Walji

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: To achieve high-quality health care, adverse events (AEs) must be proactively recognized and mitigated. However, there is often ambiguity in applying guidelines and definitions. We describe the iterative calibration process needed to achieve a shared definition of AEs in dentistry. Our alignment process includes both independent and consensus building approaches.

OBJECTIVE: We explore the process of defining dental AEs and the steps necessary to achieve alignment across different care providers.

METHODS: Teams from 4 dental institutions across the United States iteratively reviewed patient records after identification of charts using an automated trigger tool. Calibration across teams was supported through …

Monte Carlo Simulation Of Thallium-Bromide Semiconductor Detector For Range Verification Of A Carbon Ion Radiotherapy Beam Through Prompt Gamma-Ray Detection, Peter Dimpfl

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Thallium-Bromide is a semiconductor material which is well suited for photon detection. Composed of high atomic number elements and a high mass density of 7.56 g/cm3, TlBr has superb photon stopping power. External beam radiation therapy is an ever-changing environment with technology rapidly improving. With proton therapy facilities becoming more widely available, and carbon ion facilities showcasing the benefits of carbon ion radiation therapy, there is an industry need toprovide accurate dosimetric treatment plans to verify patients are receiving proper care. Current clinical practices apply safety margins to clinical target volumes to safe treatment. Through research to improve detection techniques, …