Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Simple Lipoma Mimicking Oral Infiltrating Lipoma: Case Report, Moacyr Tadeu V. Rodrigues Dds, Msc, Judson N. Brasil Dds, Gabriel A. Guillen Dds, Msc, Cláudio F. Nóia Dds, Phd

The New York State Dental Journal

Lipomas are common soft tissue neoplasms, usually present in the trunk and proximal portions of the extremities and less frequent in the mouth. We reported the case of a 51-year-old patient, affected by an intra/extra-oral swelling for 8 months. Aspiration, surgical excision and histopathological examination confirmed that it was a simple oral lipoma, although clinically and surgically, it mimicked an infiltrating lipoma. Conservative surgical treatment, preferably by an intra-oral approach provides less morbidity and less sequelae for patients.

Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome: A Case Study Of Two Siblings, Babak Bina Dmd, Boris Zats Dds, Tom Rubinstein Dmd

The New York State Dental Journal

Papillon-LeFevre Syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, associated with palmar-plantar hyperkeratosis and premature loss of both deciduous and permanent teeth. Treatment of this disease continues to be a challenge to the medical and dental professions. The following is a case report of two siblings of Chinese origin, diagnosed with Papillon-LeFevre syndrome and follows them for 10 subsequent years.

Correlation Between Social Media Use And Eating Disorder Symptoms: A Literature Review, Makenna Rose Burger

Kinesiology and Public Health

Importance: Social media is a pervasive influence in modern society presenting many potential public health implications.

Objective: The purpose of this literature review is to synthesize current research regarding social media and eating disorders.

Methods: Primary research was gathered from Google Scholar and OneSearch database resulting in 7 articles. Articles were examined for common themes.

Results: Common themes found in the resulting research is the prevalence of ‘thinspiration’, gamified content, and overlap of eating disorders with other mental illnesses. Several articles found a significant correlation between social media use and the severity of eating disorder symptoms. …

Clinical Outcomes And Bacterial Characteristics Of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae Complex Among Patients From Different Global Regions (Crackle-2): A Prospective, Multicentre, Cohort Study, Minggui Wang, Michelle Earley, Liang Chen, Blake M Hanson, Yunsong Yu, Zhengyin Liu, Soraya Salcedo, Eric Cober, Lanjuan Li, Souha S Kanj, Hainv Gao, Jose M Munita, Karen Ordoñez, Greg Weston, Michael J Satlin, Sandra L Valderrama-Beltrán, Kalisvar Marimuthu, Martin E Stryjewski, Lauren Komarow, Courtney Luterbach, Steve H Marshall, Susan D Rudin, Claudia Manca, David L Paterson, Jinnethe Reyes, Maria V Villegas, Scott Evans, Carol Hill, Rebekka Arias, Keri Baum, Bettina C Fries, Yohei Doi, Robin Patel, Barry N Kreiswirth, Robert A Bonomo, Henry F Chambers, Vance G Fowler, Cesar A Arias, David Van Duin, Multi-Drug Resistant Organism Network Investigators

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a global threat. We therefore analysed the bacterial characteristics of CRKP infections and the clinical outcomes of patients with CRKP infections across different countries.

METHODS: In this prospective, multicentre, cohort study (CRACKLE-2), hospitalised patients with cultures positive for CRKP were recruited from 71 hospitals in Argentina, Australia, Chile, China, Colombia, Lebanon, Singapore, and the USA. The first culture positive for CRKP was included for each unique patient. Clinical data on post-hospitalisation death and readmission were collected from health records, and whole genome sequencing was done on all isolates. The primary outcome was a desirability …

Clonal Hematopoiesis Is Associated With Higher Risk Of Stroke, Romit Bhattacharya, Seyedeh M Zekavat, Jeffrey Haessler, Myriam Fornage, Laura Raffield, Md Mesbah Uddin, Alexander G Bick, Abhishek Niroula, Bing Yu, Christopher Gibson, Gabriel Griffin, Alanna C Morrison, Bruce M Psaty, William T Longstreth, Joshua C Bis, Stephen S Rich, Jerome I Rotter, Russell P Tracy, Adolfo Correa, Sudha Seshadri, Andrew Johnson, Jason M Collins, Kathleen M Hayden, Tracy E Madsen, Christie M Ballantyne, Siddhartha Jaiswal, Benjamin L Ebert, Charles Kooperberg, Joann E Manson, Eric A Whitsel, Nhlbi Trans-Omics For Precision Medicine Program, Pradeep Natarajan, Alexander P Reiner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background and purpose: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a novel age-related risk factor for cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality. The association of CHIP with risk of incident ischemic stroke was reported previously in an exploratory analysis including a small number of incident stroke cases without replication and lack of stroke subphenotyping. The purpose of this study was to discover whether CHIP is a risk factor for ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.

Methods: We utilized plasma genome sequence data of blood DNA to identify CHIP in 78 752 individuals from 8 prospective cohorts and biobanks. We then assessed the association …

Fungi: Friend Or Foe? A Mycobiome Evaluation In Children With Autism And Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Jane Alookaran, Yuying Liu, Thomas A Auchtung, Amirali Tahanan, Manouchehr Hessabi, Parisa Asgarisabet, Mohammad H Rahbar, Nicole Y Fatheree, Deborah A Pearson, Rosleen Mansour, Melissa R Van Arsdall, Fernando Navarro, J Marc Rhoads

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms often affect children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and GI symptoms have been associated with an abnormal fecal microbiome. There is limited evidence of Candida species being more prevalent in children with ASD. We enrolled 20 children with ASD and GI symptoms (ASD + GI), 10 children with ASD but no GI symptoms (ASD - GI), and 20 from typically developing (TD) children in this pilot study. Fecal mycobiome taxa were analyzed by Internal Transcribed Spacer sequencing. GI symptoms (GI Severity Index [GSI]), behavioral symptoms (Social Responsiveness Scale -2 [SRS-2]), inflammation and fungal immunity (fecal calprotectin and …

Assessing The Contribution Of Rare Variants To Complex Trait Heritability From Whole-Genome Sequence Data, Pierrick Wainschtein, Deepti Jain, Zhili Zheng, Topmed Anthropometry Working Group, Nhlbi Trans-Omics For Precision Medicine (Topmed) Consortium, L Adrienne Cupples, Aladdin H Shadyab, Barbara Mcknight, Benjamin M Shoemaker, Braxton D Mitchell, Bruce M Psaty, Charles Kooperberg, Ching-Ti Liu, Christine M Albert, Dan Roden, Daniel I Chasman, Dawood Darbar, Donald M Lloyd-Jones, Donna K Arnett, Elizabeth A Regan, Eric Boerwinkle, Jerome I Rotter, Jeffrey R O'Connell, Lisa R Yanek, Mariza De Andrade, Matthew A Allison, Merry-Lynn N Mcdonald, Mina K Chung, Myriam Fornage, Nathalie Chami, Nicholas L Smith, Patrick T Ellinor, Ramachandran S Vasan, Rasika A Mathias, Ruth J F Loos, Stephen S Rich, Steven A Lubitz, Susan R Heckbert, Susan Redline, Xiuqing Guo, Y -D Ida Chen, Cecelia A Laurie, Ryan D Hernandez, Stephen T Mcgarvey, Michael E Goddard, Cathy C Laurie, Kari E North, Leslie A Lange, Bruce S Weir, Loic Yengo, Jian Yang, Peter M Visscher

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Analyses of data from genome-wide association studies on unrelated individuals have shown that, for human traits and diseases, approximately one-third to two-thirds of heritability is captured by common SNPs. However, it is not known whether the remaining heritability is due to the imperfect tagging of causal variants by common SNPs, in particular whether the causal variants are rare, or whether it is overestimated due to bias in inference from pedigree data. Here we estimated heritability for height and body mass index (BMI) from whole-genome sequence data on 25,465 unrelated individuals of European ancestry. The estimated heritability was 0.68 (standard error …

Community-Clinic Linkages For Promoting Hiv Prevention: Organizational Networks For Prep Client Referrals And Collaborations, Rebecca L Mauldin, Tamara Al Rawwad, Muhammad Amith, Lisa M Kuhns, John A Schneider, Kayo Fujimoto

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Community-clinic linkages may help communities increase HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake. Referrals from community-based organizations may be particularly important for linking Black men who have sex with men (MSM) to PrEP. This study describes PrEP referral and HIV/STI prevention networks among organizations that serve MSM in Houston, TX (N = 40), and Chicago, IL (N = 28), and compares network positions of organizations based on percentage of Black/African American clients. A majority of organizations conducted PrEP awareness/promotion activities, but fewer made PrEP referrals, with little overlap between the collaboration and referral networks. The networks tended to have a …

Type 2 Diabetes Partitioned Polygenic Scores Associate With Disease Outcomes In 454,193 Individuals Across 13 Cohorts, Daniel Dicorpo, Jessica Leclair, Joanne B Cole, Chloé Sarnowski, Fariba Ahmadizar, Lawrence F Bielak, Anneke Blokstra, Erwin P Bottinger, Layal Chaker, Yii-Der I Chen, Ye Chen, Paul S De Vries, Tariq Faquih, Mohsen Ghanbari, Valborg Gudmundsdottir, Xiuqing Guo, Natalie R Hasbani, Dorina Ibi, M Arfan Ikram, Maryam Kavousi, Hampton L Leonard, Aaron Leong, Josep M Mercader, Alanna C Morrison, Girish N Nadkarni, Mike A Nalls, Raymond Noordam, Michael Preuss, Jennifer A Smith, Stella Trompet, Petra Vissink, Jie Yao, Wei Zhao, Eric Boerwinkle, Mark O Goodarzi, Vilmundur Gudnason, J Wouter Jukema, Sharon L R Kardia, Ruth J F Loos, Ching-Ti Liu, Alisa K Manning, Dennis Mook-Kanamori, James S Pankow, H Susan J Picavet, Naveed Sattar, Eleanor M Simonsick, W M Monique Verschuren, Ko Willems Van Dijk, Jose C Florez, Jerome I Rotter, James B Meigs, Josée Dupuis, Miriam S Udler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has heterogeneous patient clinical characteristics and outcomes. In previous work, we investigated the genetic basis of this heterogeneity by clustering 94 T2D genetic loci using their associations with 47 diabetes-related traits and identified five clusters, termed β-cell, proinsulin, obesity, lipodystrophy, and liver/lipid. The relationship between these clusters and individual-level metabolic disease outcomes has not been assessed.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Here we constructed individual-level partitioned polygenic scores (pPS) for these five clusters in 12 studies from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium and the UK Biobank (n = 454,193) …

Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years Of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, And Disability-Adjusted Life Years For 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 To 2019: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Jonathan M Kocarnik, Kelly Compton, Frances E Dean, Weijia Fu, Brian L Gaw, James D Harvey, Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson, Dan Lu, Alyssa Pennini, Rixing Xu, Emad Ababneh, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, Sherief M Abd-Elsalam, Amir Abdoli, Aidin Abedi, Hassan Abidi, Hassan Abolhassani, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Shailesh M Advani, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Mohammad Aghaali, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Yusra Ahmed Salih, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Addis Aklilu, Tayyaba Akram, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Saqib Ali, Yousef Alimohamadi, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Motasem Alkhayyat, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Nihad A Almasri, Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri, Sami Almustanyir, Nivaldo Alonso, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Hubert Amu, Etsay Woldu Anbesu, Robert Ancuceanu, Fereshteh Ansari, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Maxwell Hubert Antwi, Davood Anvari, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Muhammad Aqeel, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Olatunde Aremu, Hany Ariffin, Timur Aripov, Muhammad Arshad, Al Artaman, Judie Arulappan, Zatollah Asemi, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Tahira Ashraf, Prince Atorkey, Avinash Aujayeb, Marcel Ausloos, Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Temesgen Ayenew, Mohammed A Azab, Sina Azadnajafabad, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Ghasem Azarian, Ahmed Y Azzam, Ashish D Badiye, Saeed Bahadory, Atif Amin Baig, Jennifer L Baker, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Maciej Banach, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Fabio Barra, Amadou Barrow, Masoud Behzadifar, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Woldesellassie M Mequanint Bezabhe, Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih, Devidas S Bhagat, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Sadia Bibi, Ali Bijani, Antonio Biondi, Catherine Bisignano, Tone Bjørge, Archie Bleyer, Oleg Blyuss, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Dejana Braithwaite, Amanpreet Brar, Hermann Brenner, Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira, Nadeem Shafique Butt, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano Dos Santos, Yin Cao, Giulia Carreras, Ferrán Catalá-López, Francieli Cembranel, Ester Cerin, Achille Cernigliaro, Raja Chandra Chakinala, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Daniel Youngwhan Cho, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Michael T Chung, Joao Conde, Sanda Cortés, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Vera Marisa Costa, Amanda Ramos Cunha, Omid Dadras, Amare Belachew Dagnew, Saad M A Dahlawi, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, José Das Neves, Fernando Pio De La Hoz, Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Meghnath Dhimal, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Daniel Diaz, Shirin Djalalinia, Huyen Phuc Do, Saeid Doaei, Fariba Dorostkar, Francisco Winter Dos Santos Figueiredo, Tim Robert Driscoll, Hedyeh Ebrahimi, Sahar Eftekharzadeh, Maha El Tantawi, Hassan El-Abid, Iffat Elbarazi, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Muhammed Elhadi, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Firooz Esmaeilzadeh, Arash Etemadi, Sayeh Ezzikouri, Mohammed Faisaluddin, Emerito Jose A Faraon, Jawad Fares, Farshad Farzadfar, Abdullah Hamid Feroze, Simone Ferrero, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, James L Fisher, Masoud Foroutan, Takeshi Fukumoto, Peter Andras Gaal, Mohamed M Gad, Muktar A Gadanya, Silvano Gallus, Mariana Gaspar Fonseca, Abera Getachew Obsa, Mansour Ghafourifard, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Nermin Ghith, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Syed Amir Gilani, Themba G Ginindza, Abraham Tamirat T Gizaw, James C Glasbey, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Ricardo Santiago Gomez, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Giuseppe Gorini, Houman Goudarzi, Giuseppe Grosso, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra, Avirup Guha, D Sanjeeva Gunasekera, Bhawna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Reyna Alma Gutiérrez, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Mohammad Rifat Haider, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Rabih Halwani, Randah R Hamadeh, Sajid Hameed, Samer Hamidi, Asif Hanif, Shafiul Haque, Netanja I Harlianto, Josep Maria Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Soheil Hassanipour, Roderick J Hay, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Heidari, Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna, Claudiu Herteliu, Kamal Hezam, Ramesh Holla, Md Mahbub Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hossain, Mohammad-Salar Hosseini, Mostafa Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Mowafa Househ, Mohamed Hsairi, Junjie Huang, Fernando N Hugo, Rabia Hussain, Nawfal R Hussein, Bing-Fang Hwang, Ivo Iavicoli, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Fidelia Ida, Kevin S Ikuta, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Lalu Muhammad Irham, Jessica Y Islam, Rakibul M Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Gaetano Isola, Masao Iwagami, Louis Jacob, Vardhmaan Jain, Mihajlo B Jakovljevic, Tahereh Javaheri, Shubha Jayaram, Seyed Behzad Jazayeri, Ravi Prakash Jha, Jost B Jonas, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Farahnaz Joukar, Mikk Jürisson, Ali Kabir, Danial Kahrizi, Leila R Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Feroze Kaliyadan, Yogeshwar Kalkonde, Ashwin Kamath, Nawzad Kameran Al-Salihi, Himal Kandel, Neeti Kapoor, André Karch, Ayele Semachew Kasa, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Joonas H Kauppila, Taras Kavetskyy, Sewnet Adem Kebede, Pedram Keshavarz, Mohammad Keykhaei, Yousef Saleh Khader, Rovshan Khalilov, Gulfaraz Khan, Maseer Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Moien A B Khan, Young-Ho Khang, Amir M Khater, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Gyu Ri Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek, Jacek A Kopec, Rajasekaran Koteeswaran, Parvaiz A Koul, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ai Koyanagi, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Nuworza Kugbey, G Anil Kumar, Narinder Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Om P Kurmi, Tezer Kutluk, Carlo La Vecchia, Faris Hasan Lami, Iván Landires, Paolo Lauriola, Sang-Woong Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, James Leigh, Elvynna Leong, Jiarui Li, Ming-Chieh Li, Xuefeng Liu, Joana A Loureiro, Raimundas Lunevicius, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Azeem Majeed, Alaa Makki, Shilpa Male, Ahmad Azam Malik, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Santi Martini, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Prashant Mathur, Martin Mckee, Ravi Mehrotra, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Mohamed Kamal Mesregah, Tomislav Mestrovic, Junmei Miao Jonasson, Bartosz Miazgowski, Tomasz Miazgowski, Irmina Maria Michalek, Ted R Miller, Hamed Mirzaei, Hamid Reza Mirzaei, Sanjeev Misra, Prasanna Mithra, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Yousef Mohammad, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Seyyede Momeneh Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Shafiu Mohammed, Nagabhishek Moka, Ali H Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Mohammad Amin Moosavi, Yousef Moradi, Paula Moraga, Joana Morgado-Da-Costa, Shane Douglas Morrison, Abbas Mosapour, Sumaira Mubarik, Lillian Mwanri, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Shankar Prasad Nagaraju, Chie Nagata, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Vinay Nangia, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Rawlance Ndejjo, Sabina O Nduaguba, Ionut Negoi, Serban Mircea Negru, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Robina Khan Niazi, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Nurulamin M Noor, Virginia Nuñez-Samudio, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Bogdan Oancea, Chimedsuren Ochir, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Andrew T Olagunju, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Emad Omar, Ahmed Omar Bali, Abidemi E Emmanuel Omonisi, Sokking Ong, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Hans Orru, Doris V Ortega-Altamirano, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Mayowa O Owolabi, Mahesh P A, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Keyvan Pakshir, Adrian Pana, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Shahina Pardhan, Eun-Cheol Park, Eun-Kee Park, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Harsh K Patel, Jenil R Patel, Siddhartha Pati, Sanjay M Pattanshetty, Uttam Paudel, David M Pereira, Renato B Pereira, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Julian David Pillay, Saeed Pirouzpanah, Farhad Pishgar, Indrashis Podder, Maarten J Postma, Hadi Pourjafar, Akila Prashant, Liliana Preotescu, Mohammad Rabiee, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Raghu Anekal Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Ata Rafiee, Fakher Rahim, Shadi Rahimzadeh, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Nazanin Rajai, Aashish Rajesh, Ivo Rakovac, Pradhum Ram, Kiana Ramezanzadeh, Kamal Ranabhat, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Chythra R Rao, Sowmya J Rao, Reza Rawassizadeh, Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia, Andre M N Renzaho, Negar Rezaei, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Thomas J Roberts, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Peter Rohloff, Michele Romoli, Luca Ronfani, Gholamreza Roshandel, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Manjula S, Siamak Sabour, Basema Saddik, Umar Saeed, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, Sana Salehi, Marwa Rashad Salem, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Mehrnoosh Samaei, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Senthilkumar Sankararaman, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Yaeesh Sardiwalla, Arash Sarveazad, Brijesh Sathian, Monika Sawhney, Mete Saylan, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Mario Sekerija, Allen Seylani, Omid Shafaat, Zahra Shaghaghi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Erfan Shamsoddin, Mohammed Shannawaz, Rajesh Sharma, Aziz Sheikh, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Adithi Shetty, Jeevan K Shetty, Pavanchand H Shetty, Kenji Shibuya, Reza Shirkoohi, K M Shivakumar, Velizar Shivarov, Soraya Siabani, Sudeep K Siddappa Malleshappa, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Yitagesu Sintayehu, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Matthew J Soeberg, Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi, Houman Sotoudeh, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Kurt Straif, Ranjeeta Subedi, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Iyad Sultan, Saima Sultana, Daniel Sur, Viktória Szerencsés, Miklós Szócska, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Hooman Tadbiri, Amir Taherkhani, Ken Takahashi, Iman M Talaat, Ker-Kan Tan, Vivian Y Tat, Bemnet Amare A Tedla, Yonas Getaye Tefera, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Gizachew Assefa Tessema, Rekha Thapar, Aravind Thavamani, Viveksandeep Thoguluva Chandrasekar, Nihal Thomas, Hamid Reza Tohidinik, Mathilde Touvier, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Bach Xuan Tran, Khanh Bao Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Biruk Shalmeno Tusa, Irfan Ullah, Saif Ullah, Krishna Kishore Umapathi, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Era Upadhyay, Marco Vacante, Maryam Vaezi, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Diana Zuleika Velazquez, Massimiliano Veroux, Francesco S Violante, Vasily Vlassov, Bay Vo, Victor Volovici, Giang Thu Vu, Yasir Waheed, Richard G Wamai, Paul Ward, Yi Feng Wen, Ronny Westerman, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Lalit Yadav, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Lin Yang, Sanni Yaya, Taklo Simeneh Yazie Yazie, Yigizie Yeshaw, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Zabihollah Yousefi, Chuanhua Yu, Deniz Yuce, Ismaeel Yunusa, Vesna Zadnik, Fariba Zare, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Jianrong Zhang, Chenwen Zhong, Linghui Zhou, Cong Zhu, Arash Ziapour, Ivan R Zimmermann, Christina Fitzmaurice, Christopher J L Murray, Lisa M Force

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019.

EVIDENCE REVIEW: The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite …

A Case Report Of Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Ultrasound Guided Tuberculous Iliopsoas Abscess Drainage In An Immunocompromised Patient, Allyzain Ismail, Neelam Ismail, Athar Ali, Shabbir Adamjee, Ahmed Jusabani, Zainab Fidaali

General Surgery, East Africa

Introduction and importance: Iliopsoas abscess is a collection of pus that presents with nonspecific features with often delays in diagnosis however cause significant morbidity and mortality with Mycobacterium tuberculosis to be considered as causative agent in at risk individuals in tuberculous endemic regions. Management involves drainage and initiation of adequate antibiotics with radiological guided percutaneous approach considered the appropriate initial approach.

Case presentation: 50-year-old immunosuppressed presenting with left iliopsoas abscess who underwent ultrasound guided drainage and placement of pigtail catheter successfully without the need for open surgical drainage. Our experience of interventional radiology for diagnosis of causative agent and treatment …

Scaling Up Locally Adapted Clinical Practice Guidelines For Improving Childbirth Care In Tanzania: A Protocol For Programme Theory And Qualitative Methods Of The Partoma Scale-Up Study, Jane Brandt Sørensen, Natasha Housseine, Nanna Maaløe, Ib Christian Bygbjerg, Britt Pinkowski Tersbøl, Flemming Konradsen, Brenda Sequeira Dmello, Thomas Van Den Akker, Columba Mbekenga, Hussein Kidanto

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Effective, low-cost clinical interventions to improve facility-based care during childbirth are critical to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in low-resource settings. While health interventions for low- and lower-middle-income countries are often developed and implemented top-down, needs and circumstances vary greatly across locations. Our pilot study in Zanzibar improved care through locally co-created intrapartum clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and associated training (the PartoMa intervention). This intervention was context-tailored with health-care providers in Zanzibar and now scaled up within five maternity units in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. This PartoMa Scale-up Study thereby provides an opportunity to explore the co-creation process …

Crizotinib In Patients With Tumors Harboring Alk Or Ros1 Rearrangements In The Nci-Match Trial., A S Mansfield, Z Wei, R Mehra, A T Shaw, C H Lieu, P M Forde, A E Drilon, Edith P. Mitchell, J J Wright, N Takebe, E Sharon, D Hovelson, S Tomlins, J Zeng, K Poorman, N Malik, R J Gray, S Li, L M Mcshane, L V Rubinstein, D Patton, P M Williams, S R Hamilton, B A Conley, C L Arteaga, L N Harris, P J O'Dwyer, A P Chen, K T Flaherty

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

The NCI-MATCH was designed to characterize the efficacy of targeted therapies in histology-agnostic driver mutation-positive malignancies. Sub-protocols F and G were developed to evaluate the role of crizotinib in rare tumors that harbored either ALK or ROS1 rearrangements. Patients with malignancies that progressed following at least one prior systemic therapy were accrued to the NCI-MATCH for molecular profiling, and those with actionable ALK or ROS1 rearrangements were offered participation in sub-protocols F or G, respectively. There were five patients who enrolled on Arm F (ALK) and four patients on Arm G (ROS1). Few grade 3 or 4 toxicities were noted, …

Younger Age Of Stroke In Low-Middle Income Countries Is Related To Healthcare Access And Quality, Mohammad H Rahbar, Martin Medrano, Franck Diaz-Garelli, Cosme Gonzalez Villaman, Sepideh Saroukhani, Sori Kim, Amirali Tahanan, Yahaira Franco, Gelanys Castro-Tejada, Sarah A Diaz, Manouchehr Hessabi, Sean I Savitz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality globally with higher burden and younger age in low-middle income countries (LMICs) than high-income countries (HICs). However, it is unclear to what extent differences in healthcare access and quality (HAQ) and prevalence of risk factors between LMICs and HICs contribute to younger age of stroke in LMICs. In this systematic review, we conducted meta-analysis of 67 articles and compared the mean age of stroke between LMICs and HICs, before and after adjusting for HAQ index. We also compared the prevalence of main stroke risk factors between HICs and LMICs. The unadjusted mean …

Elucidating The Clinical Spectrum And Molecular Basis Of Hyal2 Deficiency, James Fasham, Siying Lin, Promita Ghosh, Francesca Clementina Radio, Emily G Farrow, Isabelle Thiffault, Jennifer Kussman, Dihong Zhou, Rick Hemming, Kenneth Zahka, Barry A Chioza, Lettie E Rawlins, Olivia K Wenger, Adam C Gunning, Simone Pizzi, Roberta Onesimo, Giuseppe Zampino, Emily Barker, Natasha Osawa, Megan Christine Rodriguez, Teresa M Neuhann, Elaine H Zackai, Beth Keena, Jenina Capasso, Alex V Levin, Elizabeth Bhoj, Dong Li, Hakon Hakonarson, Ingrid M Wentzensen, Adam Jackson, Kate E Chandler, Zeynep H Coban-Akdemir, Jennifer E Posey, Siddharth Banka, James R Lupski, Sarah E Sheppard, Marco Tartaglia, Barbara Triggs-Raine, Andrew H Crosby, Emma L Baple

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: We previously defined biallelic HYAL2 variants causing a novel disorder in 2 families, involving orofacial clefting, facial dysmorphism, congenital heart disease, and ocular abnormalities, with Hyal2 knockout mice displaying similar phenotypes. In this study, we better define the phenotype and pathologic disease mechanism.

METHODS: Clinical and genomic investigations were undertaken alongside molecular studies, including immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses of variant/wild-type human HYAL2 expressed in mouse fibroblasts, and in silico modeling of putative pathogenic variants.

RESULTS: Ten newly identified individuals with this condition were investigated, and they were associated with 9 novel pathogenic variants. Clinical studies defined genotype-phenotype correlations and …

Post-Acquisition Hyperpolarized 29silicon Magnetic Resonance Image Processing For Visualization Of Colorectal Lesions Using A User-Friendly Graphical Interface, Caitlin V Mccowan, Duncan Salmon, Jingzhe Hu, Shivanand Pudakalakatti, Nicholas Whiting, Jennifer S Davis, Daniel D Carson, Niki M Zacharias, Pratip K Bhattacharya, Mary C Farach-Carson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Medical imaging devices often use automated processing that creates and displays a self-normalized image. When improperly executed, normalization can misrepresent information or result in an inaccurate analysis. In the case of diagnostic imaging, a false positive in the absence of disease, or a negative finding when disease is present, can produce a detrimental experience for the patient and diminish their health prospects and prognosis. In many clinical settings, a medical technical specialist is trained to operate an imaging device without sufficient background information or understanding of the fundamental theory and processes involved in image creation and signal processing. Here, we …

Policy And Behavior: Comparisons Between Twitter Discussions About The Us Tobacco 21 Law And Other Age-Related Behaviors, Page D. Dobbs, Jason B. Colditz, Shelby Shields, Anna Meadows, Brian A. Primack

Health, Human Performance and Recreation Faculty Publications and Presentations

To combat the e-cigarette epidemic among young audiences, a federal law was passed in the US that raised the minimum legal sales age of tobacco to 21 years (commonly known as Tobacco 21). Little is known about sentiment toward this law. Thus, the purpose of our study was to systematically explore trends about Tobacco 21 discussions and comparisons to other age-restriction behaviors on Twitter. Twitter data (n = 4628) were collected from September to December of 2019 that were related to Tobacco 21. A random subsample of identified tweets was used to develop a codebook. Two trained coders independently coded …

Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Delays Responses To Lateral Balance Perturbations Regardless Of Predictability, T. F. Boerger, L. Mcginn, M. C. Wang, Brian D. Schmit, Allison S. Hyngstrom

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

The aim of this study was to quantify balance impairments in standing in people with degenerative cervical myelopathy (PwDCM) in response to external perturbations. PwDCM have damage to their spinal cord due to degeneration of the cervical vertebral column, but little is known about balance. Balance was quantified by capturing kinetics, kinematic, and electromyographic data during standing in response to lateral waist pulls. Participants received pulls during predictable and unpredictable contexts in three stance widths at two magnitudes. In response to lateral waist pulls, PwDCM had larger center of mass excursion (P < 0.001) and delayed gluteus medius electromyography onset (P < 0.001) and peak (P < 0.001) timing. These main effects of history of myelopathy were consistent across predictability, stance width, and magnitude. A multilinear regression determined that gluteus medius peak timing + tibialis anterior peak timing most strongly predicted center of mass excursion (R2 = 0.50, P < 0.001). These data suggest that PwDCM have delays in generating voluntary and reactive motor commands, contributing to balance impairments. Future rehabilitation strategies should focus on generating rapid muscular contractions. Additionally, frontal plane postural control is regulated by the gluteus medius and the tibialis anterior, whereas other muscles (e.g. gluteus minimus, ankle invertors/evertors) not studied here may also contribute.

Prospective Telehealth Analysis Of Functional Performance, Frailty, Quality Of Life, And Mental Health After Covid-19 Hospitalization, Jacob J. Capin, Melissa P. Wilson, Kristine Hare, Swati Vempati, Carley E. Little, Donna Mcgregor, Jose Castillo-Mancilla, Jennifer E. Stevens-Lapsley, Sarah Jolley, Kristine M. Erlandson

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

Background

COVID-19 is a global pandemic with poorly understood long-term consequences. Determining the trajectory of recovery following COVID-19 hospitalization is critical for prioritizing care, allocating resources, facilitating prognosis, and informing rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate recovery following COVID-19 hospitalization.

Methods

Participants age 18 years or older who were hospitalized for ≥24 h due to COVID-19 completed phone/video call virtual assessments (including the 10-time chair rise test) and survey forms at three time points (2–6, 12, and 18 weeks) after hospital discharge. Univariate logistic and linear regression models assessed the associations of the outcomes with primary …

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Receptor Activation In The Hypothalamus Recruits Unique Signaling Pathways Involved In Energy Homeostasis, Brian Maunze, Katherine Wood Bruckner, Nikhil Nilesh Desai, Christopher Chen, Fanghong Chen, David A. Baker, Sujean Choi

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) exerts pleiotropic effects on ventromedial nuclei (VMN) of the hypothalamus and its control of feeding and energy expenditure through the type I PAC1 receptor (PAC1R). However, the endogenous role of PAC1Rs in the VMN and the downstream signaling responsible for PACAP’s effects on energy balance are unknown. Numerous studies have revealed that PAC1Rs are coupled to both Gαs/adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A (Gαs/AC/PKA) and Gαq/phospholipase C/protein kinase C (Gαq/PLC/PKC), while also undergoing trafficking following stimulation. To determine the endogenous role of PAC1Rs and downstream signaling that may explain PACAP’s pleiotropic effects, we used RNA interference …

Long-Term Survival Following Definitive Radiation Therapy For Recurrence Or Oligometastases In Gynecological Malignancies: A Landmark Analysis, Kelsey L Corrigan, Alison Yoder, Brian De, Lilie Lin, Anuja Jhingran, Melissa M Joyner, Patricia J Eifel, Lauren E Colbert, Karen H Lu, Ann H Klopp

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Radiation therapy (RT) may improve outcomes for patients with oligometastatic cancer. We sought to determine if there are long-term survivors treated with definitive RT for recurrent or oligometastatic gynecological cancer (ROMGC), and to evaluate the clinical and disease characteristics of these patients.

Methods: We performed a landmark analysis in 48 patients with ROMGC who survived for ≥5 years following definitive RT of their metastasis. Patient characteristics were extracted from the medical record. DFS was modeled using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results: This cohort included 20 patients (42%) with ovarian cancer, 16 (33%) with endometrial cancer, 11 (23%) with cervical cancer, …

Peripheral And Central Kynurenine Pathway Abnormalities In Major Depression, Elisabeth R Paul, Lilly Schwieler, Sophie Erhardt, Sandra Boda, Ada Trepci, Robin Kämpe, Anna Asratian, Lovisa Holm, Adam Yngve, Robert Dantzer, Markus Heilig, J Paul Hamilton, Martin Samuelsson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Considerable data relate major depressive disorder (MDD) with aberrant immune system functioning. Pro-inflammatory cytokines facilitate metabolism of tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway (KP) putatively resulting in reduced neuroprotective and increased neurotoxic KP metabolites in MDD, in addition to modulating metabolic and immune function. This central nervous system hypothesis has, however, only been tested in the periphery. Here, we measured KP-metabolite levels in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of depressed patients (n = 63/36 respectively) and healthy controls (n = 48/33). Further, we assessed the relation between KP abnormalities and brain-structure volumes, as well as body mass index (BMI), an …

Sleep Challenges And Interventions In Children With Visual Impairment., David G. Ingram Md, Jose M. Cruz, Erin Stahl, Nicole M. Carr, Lisa J. Lind, Carla C. Keirns

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

PURPOSE: To examine sleep patterns in a large and heterogeneous group of children with visual impairment.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of parents of children with visual impairment was offered via the National Federation of the Blind and the National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation.

RESULTS: Complete survey results were available for 72 participants, aged 1 to 16 years. Parents of 52 (72%) children reported that their child had cycles of good sleep and bad sleep, and 50 (69%) reported that their child's sleep patterns caused significant stress for them or their family. Scores on the Childhood Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) …

Characterization Of Patient-Derived Bone Marrow Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells As Oncolytic Virus Carriers For The Treatment Of Glioblastoma, Yuzaburo Shimizu, Joy Gumin, Feng Gao, Anwar Hossain, Elizabeth J Shpall, Akihide Kondo, Brittany C Parker Kerrigan, Jing Yang, Daniel Ledbetter, Juan Fueyo, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano, Frederick F Lang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Delta-24-RGD is an oncolytic adenovirus that is capable of replicating in and killing human glioma cells. Although intratumoral delivery of Delta-24-RGD can be effective, systemic delivery would improve its clinical application. Bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs) obtained from healthy donors have been investigated as virus carriers. However, it is unclear whether BM-hMSCs can be derived from glioma patients previously treated with marrow-toxic chemotherapy or whether such BM-hMSCs can deliver oncolytic viruses effectively. Herein, the authors undertook a prospective clinical trial to determine the feasibility of obtaining BM-hMSCs from patients with recurrent malignant glioma who were previously exposed …

Local Treatment Of A Pediatric Osteosarcoma Model With A 4-1bbl Armed Oncolytic Adenovirus Results In An Antitumor Effect And Leads To Immune Memory, Naiara Martinez-Velez, Virginia Laspidea, Marta Zalacain, Sara Labiano, Marc García-Moure, Montse Puigdelloses, Lucía Marrodan, Marisol Gonzalez-Huarriz, Guillermo Herrador, Daniel De La Nava, Iker Ausejo-Mauleon, Juan Fueyo, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano, Ana Patiño-García, Marta M Alonso

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone tumor occurring primarily in pediatric patients. Despite years of intensive research, the outcomes of patients with metastatic disease or those who do not respond to therapy have remained poor and have not changed in the last 30 years. Oncolytic virotherapy is becoming a reality to treat local and metastatic tumors while maintaining a favorable safety profile. Delta-24-ACT is a replicative oncolytic adenovirus engineered to selectively target cancer cells and to potentiate immune responses through expression of the immune costimulatory ligand 4-1BB. This work aimed to assess the antisarcoma effect of Delta-24-ACT. MTS and replication assays …

Social Isolation And Incident Heart Failure Hospitalization In Older Women: Women's Health Initiative Study Findings, Crystal W Cené, Xiaoyan Iris Leng, Khushnood Faraz, Matthew Allison, Khadijah Breathett, Chloe Bird, Mace Coday, Giselle Corbie-Smith, Randi Foraker, Nkechinyere N Ijioma, Milagros C Rosal, Shawnita Sealy-Jefferson, Tetyana P Shippee, Candyce H Kroenke

Open Access Publications

Background The association of social isolation or lack of social network ties in older adults is unknown. This knowledge gap is important since the risk of heart failure (HF) and social isolation increase with age. The study examines whether social isolation is associated with incident HF in older women, and examines depressive symptoms as a potential mediator and age and race and ethnicity as effect modifiers. Methods and Results This study included 44 174 postmenopausal women of diverse race and ethnicity from the WHI (Women's Health Initiative) study who underwent annual assessment for HF adjudication from baseline enrollment (1993-1998) through …

Determinant Of Repeat Revascularization Within 5 Years Of Percutaneous Coronary Lntervention At A Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi: A Matched Case-Control Study, Komal Valliani, Azmina Artani, Iqbal Azam, Javed Tai, M. Masood Kadir

Community Health Sciences

Objective: To determine factors associated with repeat revascularization among adults aged 25 years and above within 5 years of first Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) at a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted through a hospital records review. A total of 90 cases with repeat revascularization and 180 controls without repeat revascularization were included. Data was analyzed using Multiple Conditional Logistic Regression.
Results: The mean age was similar in cases and controls (60.05 ± 10.01 vs 62.20 ± 10.43 years) and sex (male: 77.8% vs. 76.1%). History of being an ever-smoker (40% vs. 25%), overweight (36.3% vs. …

Open Your Eyes To 3d Imaging, Lea Al Matny Dds, Ms

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This cover feature illuminates the transformative role of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dental diagnostics and treatment planning. As CBCT evolves from specialized to commonplace usage, its impact on various dental specialties, including oral surgery, periodontics, orthodontics, and general dentistry, becomes apparent. The article underscores the necessity of understanding CBCT's fundamental concepts and emphasizes the importance of customized imaging protocols tailored to patients' needs. Comprehensive evaluation of CBCT scans reveals anatomical variations, aids in detecting periapical pathosis, visualizing root fractures, assessing external cervical root resorption, and contributes to airway analysis. Moreover, the article explores CBCT's expanding role beyond implant …

The 2025 Michigan State Oral Health Plan, Ellen Sugrue Hyman Jd

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This feature article explores the 2025 Michigan State Oral Health Plan (SOHP), a comprehensive initiative developed by the Michigan Oral Health Coalition (MOHC) and a statewide coalition, including the Michigan Dental Association (MDA). With a focus on enhancing oral health for all Michigan residents, the SOHP prioritizes addressing economic and racial disparities. The plan, guided by three key goals—Increasing Awareness and Education, Dental-Health Integration, and Access and Infrastructure—aims to improve oral health outcomes. The article discusses the plan's development process, key findings highlighting existing disparities, workforce challenges, and the strategic implementation of the SOHP through collaborative efforts and workgroups.

Transcutaneous Light Penetration Of Simultaneous Superpulsed And Multiple Wavelength Photobiomodulation Therapy In Living Dog Tissue, Somphong Hoisang, Suvaluk Seesupa, Supranee Jitpean, Naruepon Kampa

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is used as an adjunctive therapy for wound healing, pain relief and rehabilitation. The penetration of light to the target tissue is the crucial factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential penetration of simultaneous superpulsed and multiple wavelength (SPMW) PBMT on living tissue in dogs. Twenty client-owned dogs were anesthetized and underwent abdominal surgery. The PMBT device was set at 50 Hz and delivered light for 60 sec at different distances; at 0 cm (contact) and 1 cm tissue-device distance (non-contact). The power meter was placed and measured the mean output power (MOP) …