Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Predictors Of High Hiv+ Prevalence In Mozambique: A Complex Samples Logistic Regression Modeling And Spatial Mapping Approaches, Jerry John Nutor, Precious Adade Duodu, Pascal Agbadi, Henry Ofori Duah, Kelechi Elizabeth Oladimeji, Kaboni W. Gondwe

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Introduction The burden of HIV infection in southern Africa is a public health concern with an increasing number of new infections. This study sought to investigate the predictors of HIV prevalence in Mozambique through a complex samples logistic regression and spatial mapping approach using nationally representative data. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis using the 2015 Mozambique Demographic and Health Survey and AIDS Indicator Survey. The analysis performed in four stages while incorporating population survey sampling weights did the following: i) created a complex sample plan file in SPSS, ii) performed the weighted estimate of HIV prevalence, iii) performed …

Anesthesia Machine Failure: A Case Study, Molly Condit, Paula Hafeman

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

This article examines successful management of an anesthesia machine failure with the Draeger (or Dräger) Apollo (Draeger Inc) anesthesia workstation. Approximately 45 minutes into the case, while the patient was under general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation, the anesthesia machine failed to achieve positive pressurization following a high-pressure alarm. Despite multiple maneuvers, the issue did not resolve until the machine was manually powered off and on at the main power switch. This case report emphasizes the importance of always having a backup means of patient ventilation and anesthesia administration.

Raman Spectroscopy Of Lymphocytes For The Identification Of Prostate Cancer Patients With Late Radiation Toxicity Following Radiotherapy, Daniel Cullen, Jane Bryant, Adrian Maguire, Denish Medipally, Brendan Mcclean, Laura Shields, Emma Noone, Shirley Bradshaw, Marie Finn, Mary Dunne, Aoife M .Shannon, John Armstrong, Orla Howe, Aidan Meade, Fiona Lyng

Articles

The success of radiotherapy in tumour control depends on the total dose given. However, the tolerance of the normal tissues surrounding the tumour limits this dose. It is not known why some patients develop radiation toxicity and, currently, it is not possible to predict before treatment which patients will experience adverse effects. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need for a new test to identify patients at risk of radiation toxicity. Here, we report a new approach based on Raman spectroscopy.Blood samples were collected from 42 patients who had undergone radiotherapy for prostate cancer and had shown either severe or …

Epigenomic Programming In Early Fetal Brain Development, Luolan Li, Ting Wang, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Proteomic Analysis Of The S. Cerevisiae Response To The Anticancer Ruthenium Complex Kp1019, Laura K. Stultz, Alexandra Hunsucker, Sydney Middleton, Evan Grovenstein, Jacob O'Leary, Eliot Blatt, Mary Miller, James Mobley, Pamela K. Hanson

Open Access Fund Publications

Like platinum-based chemotherapeutics, the anticancer ruthenium complex indazolium trans-[tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(iii)], or KP1019, damages DNA, induces apoptosis, and causes tumor regression in animal models. Unlike platinum-based drugs, KP1019 showed no dose-limiting toxicity in a phase I clinical trial. Despite these advances, the mechanism(s) and target(s) of KP1019 remain unclear. For example, the drug may damage DNA directly or by causing oxidative stress. Likewise, KP1019 binds cytosolic proteins, suggesting DNA is not the sole target. Here we use the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model in a proteomic study of the cellular response to KP1019. Mapping protein level changes …

The Prevalence Of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Found During Screening Of A High-Risk Cardiovascular Population, Sorcha Amond Murray

Masters

Introduction: The effectiveness of screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) has been debated for many years. An AAA is defined as a focal dilation of the abdominal aortic artery exceeding 1.5 times its normal size (Kent, 2014). Risk factors associated with AAA are similar to those of peripheral vascular disease, thus the population attending a vascular laboratory are ideal candidates for AAA screening. AAAs are more common in males, in smokers, with increasing age, and more likely with a family history of AAA (Chaikof et al, 2009). Currently the UK National Screening Committee recommend one time AAA screening by ultrasound …

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (Hif)-2Α Reprograms Liver Macrophages To Protect Against Acute Liver Injury Via The Production Of Interleukin-6, Rachel Y Gao, Meng Wang, Qihui Liu, Dechun Feng, Yankai Wen, Yang Xia, Sean P Colgan, Holger K Eltzschig, Cynthia Ju

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose represents the most frequent cause of acute liver failure, resulting in death or liver transplantation in more than one third of patients in the United States. The effectiveness of the only antidote, N-acetylcysteine, declines rapidly after APAP ingestion, long before patients are admitted to the clinic with symptoms of severe liver injury. The direct hepatotoxicity of APAP triggers a cascade of innate immune responses that may exacerbate or limit the progression of tissue damage. A better understanding of this complex mechanism will help uncover targets for therapeutic interventions.

APPROACH AND RESULTS: We observed that …

Role Of Micro-Rna For Pain After Surgery: Narrative Review Of Animal And Human Studies, Juan P Cata, Aysegul Gorur, Xiaoyi Yuan, Nathaniel K Berg, Anil K Sood, Holger K Eltzschig

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

One of the most prevalent symptoms after major surgery is pain. When postoperative pain treatment is unsatisfactory, it can lead to poor surgical recovery, decreased quality of life, and increased health care costs. Current analgesics, single or in combination, have limited efficacy due to low potency, limited duration of action, toxicities, and risk of addiction. The lack of nonaddictive strong analgesics along with the over prescription of opioids has led to an opioid epidemic in the United States. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of newer analgesics. Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that modulate …

Mathematical Modeling Of Nonlinear Blood Glucose-Insulin Dynamics With Beta Cells Effect, Gabriela Urbina, Daniel N. Riahi, Dambaru Bhatta

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

We consider mathematical modeling of blood glucose-insulin regulatory system with the additional effect of the secreted insulin by the pancreatic beta cells and in the presence of an external energy input to such system. Such modeling system is investigated to determine the time-dependent nonlinear dynamics that take place by the quantities, which represent the glucose and insulin concentrations in the blood, insulin action as well as in the absence or presence of secreted insulin due to the pancreatic beta cells. Using both analytical and numerical procedures, we determine such quantities versus time for both diabetes patients and normal human and …

Plant-Derived Natural Biomolecule Picein Attenuates Menadione Induced Oxidative Stress On Neuroblastoma Cell Mitochondria, Kavindra Kumar Kesari, Anupam Dhasmana, Shruti Shandilya, Neeraj Prabhakar, Ahmed Shaukat, Jinze Dou, Jessica M. Rosenholm, Tapani Vuorinen, Janne Ruokolainen

School of Medicine Publications

Several bioactive compounds are in use for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Historically, willow (salix sp.) bark has been an important source of salisylic acid and other natural compounds with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties. Among these, picein isolated from hot water extract of willow bark, has been found to act as a natural secondary metabolite antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate the unrevealed pharmacological action of picein. In silico studies were utilized to direct the investigation towards the neuroprotection abilities of picein. Our in vitro studies demonstrate the neuroprotective properties …

Investigating The Influence Of Environmental Factors On The Incidence Of Renal Disease With Compositional Data Analysis Using Balances, Jennifer M. Mckinley, Ute Mueller, Peter M. Atkinson, Ulrich Ofterdinger, Chloe Jackson, Siobhan F. Cox, Rory Doherty, Damian Fogarty, J. J. Egozcue, V. Pawlowsky-Glahn

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This research uses an urban soil geochemistry database of elemental concentration to examine the potential relationship between Standardised Incidence Rates (SIRs) of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) of uncertain aetiology (CKDu), and cumulative low level geogenic and diffuse anthropogenic contamination of soils with PTEs. A compositional data analysis approach was applied to determine the elemental balance(s) of the geochemical data showing the greatest association with CKDu. The research concludes that both anthropogenic and geogenic factors may be contributing influences to explain high incidences of CKDu, up to 12 times greater in some Super Output Areas (SOAs) than would be expected for …

Anticonvulsant And Procognitive Effect Of Nonimidazole Histamine H3r Receptor Antagonists /Inverse Agonists In Experimental Animal Models, Alaa Imad Alachkar

Dissertations

Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder accompanied by cognitive impairment. Available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have not been reported to have ameliorative effects on epilepsy-associated memory impairment. The potential of histamine H3 receptors (H3R) in several neuropsychiatric diseases, including epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease, is well recognized. In this study, a series of H3R antagonists (1-16) were screened for their in vivo anticonvulsant effect in several acute-induced seizures in rats. Moreover, the procognitive effect of the most promising H3R antagonist was investigated in dizocilpine (DIZ)-induced amnesic effect applying several behavioral memory tests. Furthermore, the most promising H3R antagonist was assessed for …

Recent Advances On The Role Of Long Non-Coding Rnas In Alzheimer’S Disease, Kyle Doxtater, Manish K. Tripathi, Mohammad Moshahid Khan

School of Medicine Publications

Dementia is a progressive cognitive impairment that affects the activities of daily living. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of the dementia worldwide accounting for 60–80% of all dementia cases. With an estimated cost exceeding $290 billion in the USA, understanding and development of future therapeutic strategies is vital. In this perspective, we will be examining the current thinking of AD research and therapeutic strategies, while proposing a possible new direction for diagnosis, understanding, and treatment targets. Non-coding RNA accounts for the largest population of the human transcriptome. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a recent molecule of interest …

The Effect Of Training With Weightlifting Catching Or Pulling Derivatives On Squat Jump And Countermovement Jump Force-Time Adaptations, Timothy J. Suchomel, Shana M. Mckeever, John J. Mcmahon, Paul Comfort

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) force-time curve characteristics following 10 weeks of training with either load-matched weightlifting catching (CATCH) or pulling derivatives (PULL) or pulling derivatives that included force- and velocity-specific loading (OL). Twenty-five resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to the CATCH, PULL, or OL groups. Participants completed a 10 week, group-specific training program. SJ and …

Alterations In Adiponectin, Leptin, Resistin, Testosterone, And Cortisol Across Eleven Weeks Of Training Among Division One Collegiate Throwers: A Preliminary Study, W. Guy Hornsby, G. Gregory Haff, Dylan G. Suarez, Michael W. Ramsey, N. Travis Triplett, Justin P. Hardee, Margaret E. Stone, Michael H. Stone

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Cytokine and hormone concentrations can be linked to the manipulation of training variables and to subsequent alterations in performance. Subjects: Nine D-1 collegiate throwers and 4 control subjects participated in this preliminary and exploratory report. Methods: Hormone (testosterone (T) and cortisol (C)) and adipokine (adiponectin, leptin, and resistin) measurements were taken at weeks 1, 7, and 11 for the throwers and weeks 1 and 11 for the control group. …

Community And Health Workers’ Responses To Guidelines During Covid-19 Pandemic- A Critical Review, Ansuman Swain, Parul Malik, Kirtimayee Soumyadarshinee, Arathi P. Rao

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

On 30th January 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), and the first case in the Indian subcontinent was reported. Subsequently, following the directives issued by WHO, the nodal agencies related to health care services in the country like the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW); have been issuing guidelines to public and professionals to enable and equip them to combat and contain the pandemic. Guidelines about health care personnel, necessary infrastructure, personal protective equipment, prophylaxis, access and availability of …

Topical Tacrolimus With Colgate Oraguard‐B Paste For Managing Oral Lichen Planus: A Prospective Clinical Study Among Northern Indian Subjects, Gupta Vikas, Abhishek Singh, Mengi Arvind

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: As of today, no standard treatment protocol nor preventive measures either exists for oral lichen planus. The present investigation aimed to test topical 0.1% tacrolimus as compared to Colgate Oraguard-B paste for managing lesions of oral lichen planus. Methods: It was a hospital-based prospective study with histopathologically confirmed 135 patients of oral lichen planus as subjects, which were provided with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment with Colgate Oraguard-B paste. The duration of treatment ranged from three to four months, with a follow-up of till two years. Study subjects were followed up every fifteen days. The results were expressed using mean and …

Health-Seeking Behaviour Of Myanmar Migrant Workers In Penang, Malaysia, Mila Nu Nu Htay, Lwin Mie Aye, Lin Phyo Phyo San, Zay Yar Naing, Soe Moe

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

Introduction: The rapid development of socio-economic status in Malaysia has become a driving force to increase the influx of foreign migrant workers. This study aimed to explore the health-seeking behaviour of Myanmar migrant workers in Malaysia by identifying the common illnesses, types of accidents occurred, types of healthcare providers being sought and factors influencing health-seeking behaviour. Method: The crosssectional survey was conducted in Penang, Malaysia in 2017. The respondents were recruited by a convenient sampling method and interviewed by using the pre-tested questionnaire. The data were analysed using SPSS version 24.0. Results: The commonest form of illnesses they suffered from …

And This Too Shall Pass …!, Sunil R

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

‘In The Times Of Covid’ – Prose And Poetry During Lockdown– Mid-2020!, Vishak Acharya, Santosh Pv Rai

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Vancomycin Toxicity: An Uncommon Mimic Of Bacterial Meningitis, Saumyasaumya H. Mittal

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

A 24-year-old woman was admitted with emesis, headache, and fever followed by seizure for seven days at the onset. The woman was initiated on treatment for bacterial meningitis. She improved on the treatment. However, over some time, she deteriorated again, and mimics of meningitis were considered. The patient was on vancomycin and on withdrawal of vancomycin, she improved. We report this case because of an uncommon cause of mimic of meningitis

Elusive Clinico Radiological Appearance Of Late Presenting Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia–A Case Report, Sweta Shanbhag, Shreedhara K. Avabratha, Kishan Shetty

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

Late presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare subset of diaphragmatic hernias presenting beyond 30 days of life, which may be challenging to diagnose. A 3-year-old girl was referred to our hospital with an acute history of respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, with a suspected diagnosis of left-sided pneumothorax. Initial radiological evidence pointed towards left hydropneumothorax. A chest X-ray and ultrasound of the chest seemed to confirm the diagnosis, hence intercostal drainage (ICD) tube was inserted. Post ICD insertion, mediastinal shift to the right was persistent and CT scan of the chest showed herniation of stomach and bowel loops into …

Equity In Healthcare Services During The Time Of Covid-19 In India, Zubair Sabah

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: The paper highlights the challenges in providing healthcare services on equitable grounds keeping the priority as per the requirements. Method: The literature search was carried out using databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar for the government reports. The language of included articles was restricted to English only. Result: Health equity plays a major role in mitigating the impact and consequences of the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). There is a difference and asymmetry in the healthcare delivery system of India as the healthcare system comes under the state government. Hence, there is a difference in the performances …

Leaving No One Behind: Towards Equitable Global Elimination Of Hepatitis C, Elin Hoffmann Dahl, Hassaan Zahid, Khawar Aslam, Wasim Jafri

Section of Gastroenterology

No abstract provided.

First Rwanda National Trauma Symposium 2019: Challenges And Priorities., Ashley Rosenberg, Faustin Ntirenganya, Irene Bagahirwa, Gabin Mbanjumucyo, Lambert Rutayisire, Severien Muneza, Innocent Nzeyimana, Eric Benimana, Ernest Nahayo, Busisiwe Bhengu, Assuman Nuhu, Arsene Muhumuza, Costica Uwitonze, Ghislaine Umwali, Menelas Nkeshimana, Jeanne D'Arc Nyinawankusi, Elizabeth Krebs, Jean Marie Uwitonze, Igance Kabagema, Theophile Dushime, Jean Claude Byiringiro, Gilles Ndayisaba, Sudha Jayaraman

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

E-Cigarette Or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (Evali) Characterized By Pulmonary Ultrasound, Peter Sacci, Arthur Au

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

Pulmonary ultrasound is a useful tool in the diagnosis and resuscitation of emergency department (ED) patients with dyspnea. We present the case of a patient who was diagnosed with E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) using pulmonary ultrasound. Many of these cases are diagnosed using x-ray, computerized tomography, or bronchoscopy and to our knowledge this is the first published case that demonstrates utility of ultrasound in diagnosing EVALI. While more investigation is needed on the use of this technique, the patient in this case was diagnosed with EVALI based on positive history, presence of normal cardiac function, non-cardiogenic …

Surgical Endoepicardial Linear Ablation For Ventricular Tachycardia With Postinfarction Left Ventricular Aneurysm, Changcheng Liu, Zhaoping Su, Liangshan Wang, Bo Li, Jin Wang, Yang Yu, Chengxiong Gu

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

This retrospective study evaluated the feasibility of surgical endoepicardial linear ablation for ventricular tachycardia in patients with postinfarction left ventricular aneurysm. Sixty-four patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and left ventricular aneurysm but no mural thrombosis of the aneurysm or valve disease were treated at our institution from March 2012 through July 2015. All underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and left ventricular aneurysm repair by linear plication. Twenty-three patients (35.9%) had ventricular tachycardia and underwent surgical endoepicardial linear ablation on the beating heart guided by epicardial substrate mapping with the Carto 3 system. The remaining 41 patients (64.1%) composed …

Pharmacogenomics In Primary Care: Barriers To Implementation, Joshua Michael Fleming

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

As technology and research evolve it is essential that practitioners in healthcare remain aware and cognizant of the changes that are going on around them and how these advancements may aid them in providing the best care to the patients that seek care from them. The largest breakthrough in the field of genetics has been the complete sequencing of the human genome. This landmark has paved the way for innumerable insights into every part of how care is delivered and stands to change the landscape of medicine entirely. Pharmacogenomics testing exists as a subset of genetic testing, and pertains to …

Using Patient Safety Principles To Prevent Patient Harm, Octavia Reed Wynn

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

While healthcare is intended to promote and restore optimal health and quality of life, it has been realized that patients often experience unintended harm while consuming healthcare services. In a project conducted in a 12-bed intensive care unit, nurses completed a pre-survey to identify a baseline understanding of patient safety principles. They then completed online educational modules designed to teach patient safety principles including patient and family centered healthcare, systems safety, and culture of safety. Following the educational intervention, a postsurvey to assess for increased understanding was administered. Forty-seven nurses completed the presurvey and education showing improved understanding of patient …

The Wrinkling Of Time: Aging, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, And The Circadian Clock In Neurodegeneration, Brian V Lananna, Erik S Musiek

2020-Current year OA Pubs

A substantial body of research now implicates the circadian clock in the regulation of an array of diverse biological processes including glial function, metabolism, peripheral immune responses, and redox homeostasis. Sleep abnormalities and other forms of circadian disruption are common symptoms of aging and neurodegeneration. Circadian clock disruption may also influence the aging processes and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The specific mechanisms governing the interaction between circadian systems, aging, and the immune system are still being uncovered. Here, we review the evidence supporting a bidirectional relationship between aging and the circadian system. Further, we explore the hypothesis that age-related …