Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Focused Reviews On Community Livability Strategiesfor Upgrading Impoverished Areas, Nour El-Baba Teaching Assistant (Phd Candidate), Faculty Of Architecture - Design & Built Environment

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Impoverished areas represent the worst of urban poverty, inequality and intolerable difficulties concerning the quality of life of the wellbeing. A person is impoverished when there is deprivation of strength, vitality and liveliness. Poor societies are conscious of their deficiency of power and independence which subject them to mistreatment; they express about pain brought by their inevitable violation of social norms and inability to fully participate in community life. The concept of livability and its strong link with sense of community is essential; it is the sum of factors that add up the community’s quality of life including the built …

Enhancing Pedestrian Safety To Improve Urban Health, Nisreen Alkassabany Department Of Architecture, Faculty Of Fine Arts, Hebatalla Abouelfadl, Yassmine Alkassabany

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Walking is such an essential human activity and it is a part of every trip. Whatever the main purpose for travel, walking will remain the first and last mode used; no doubt there is a link between walking, urban health, and pedestrian safety. Unfortunately, safe walking has been ignored in the mission of planning for many transportation systems in the cities. The number of individuals killed or seriously injured on Arab cities’ road’s network has significantly increased the late decades. Nonetheless, there has been no meaningful change in the pedestrian facilities throughout the most recent ten years. There are numerous …

Ouzai Road Slumsan Exploratory Study For Social And Environmental Problems, Nader Azab Associate Professor, Faculty Of Architecture - Design & Built Environment,, Kareem Jalal Assistant Professor, Faculty Of Architecture - Design & Built Environment,, Osama Omar Assistant Professor, Faculty Of Architecture - Design & Built Environment

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

The notion of health and wellbeing issues in urban areas has triggered genuine advances in research and applications striving to achieve valid sustainable outcomes for living environments. According to the 2017 UN Climate Change Conference held in Bonn, Germany, the world is becoming attentive to depending on sustainable policies and practices which are supported in several international environmental agreements and conferences that were initially held to tackle the issue of global warming, economy crisis and social equity. This research addresses one of the most compelling problems in Lebanon; informal settlements and the vice of sustainability and related health and wellbeing …

Urban-Rural Maternal Health Challenges Inlebanon, Soha Tabbara Make Mothers Matter, Farah Zayat Teaching Assistant, Faculty Of Architecture - Design & Built Environment

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

The health of urban populations has changed as cities have evolved. As more people worldwide live in cities, it is imperative to understand how urban living enhances population health and well-being. Maternal health is an indicator of global health; a healthy mother can fully participate in economic and social life. This paper discusses and analyses the challenges faced by mothers living in rural areas and aims at identifying the factors that affect maternal mortality among rural communities in Lebanon. This is achieved by gathering data from scientific reports from governmental and nongovernmental organizations. As well as using the statement written …

Tourism For All: An Innovative Approach Forenhancing Well-Being Of Special Needscase Study (Islamic Cairo –Historical City), Iman El Bastawisi Professor Of Anthropology, Germaine Amer African World Heritage

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Cities are being increasingly recognized and valued for their contributions to the quality of life of their citizens. Urban environments provide enormous variety of physical and cultural components. Due to social and demographic changes, there is an increase of people with disabilities all over the world. According to UNWTO, people with disabilities represent 2 billion persons or 15 % of the world population .Over the years, persons with disabilities has faced barriers to realizing their right to participate in life in general and in cultural life in particular due to inaccessibility of cultural programs, health problems, and lack of services. …

Right To Adequate Housing In Lebanon, Omar Houri Associate Professor, Faculty Of Law And Political Science

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

“The right to adequate housing” is guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in its article (25) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in article 11. Both documents have recognized the right to adequate housing, health and well-being. The classical definition of this right is based on three pillars: security, peace and dignity; however, the right to adequate housing also requires that other conditions should be provided to everyone as affordability of housing, adequate infrastructure, clean water, and sustainable environment. The Lebanese Constitution assures this right since it abides by the Universal Declaration of Human …

Principles Of Urban Quality Of Life, Walaa Nour Associate Professor Of Architecture And Urban Design, Department Of Architecture Faculty Of Engineering,

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Quality of life is a notion that has been discussed by philosophers, social scientists, economists conceded with the question of how society should best allocate resources it has been widely used in a wide range of contexts , including the fields of international development, health care, political science, built environment, education, reaction and leisure time social belonging. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question of how can urban planning contributes to improving individual quality of life, introduce the nation of urban quality of life that refers to the urban planning features that could enhance the individual quality …

A Methodology For Shifting Egyptian Portsinto Sustainable Green Ports, Ashraf Mansour Civil & Architectural Department

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Egypt has a capacity of more than fifteen ports, situated on both the Mediterranean and the Red sea, with a totalarea of around 518 Km2. They are either commercial, or specialized ports which includes Mining Ports ,Petroleum Ports, Tourist Ports, Fishing Ports and Berths. The main Egyptian commercial ports are Alexandria,El Dekheila, Damietta, El Arish, West Port Said, East Port Said, Suez, Petroleum Dock, Adabiya, Sokhna Port, Hurghada, Safaga, El Tour, Nuweiba and Sharm El Sheikh. Establishing a methodology for shifting Egyptian Ports into sustainable green ports is of a major benefit as it incorporates a balance between environmental, social …

Improving Indoor Air Quality Using Low-Emissionmaterials, Nael Alsarrag Assistant Professor, Faculty Of Architecture - Design & Built Environment

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

The interior design field faces a technological breakthrough in the development of materials and methods of usage and implementation, which requires great attention for supportive studies The aim of this research is to improve indoor air quality by using lowemission materials with control and rationing the use of contaminant products in residential spaces And because human is the goal of every development and has the right to live in a healthy environment and healthy spaces, and mainly the success of any interior designer in all about taking care of this purpose that depends on the professional control and harnessing the …

Modelling The Interactions Between Urbanheat Island And Urban Geometry, Dina Saadallah Department Of Architectural Engineering, Faculty Of Engineering

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Cities are a complex, adaptive, and self-organizing systems, that are faced with several challenges due to rapid urbanization such as socio-demographic problems, air pollution, threat of climate change, and urban heat island effect (Kim and Han, 2012). Urbanization, is one of the greatest challenges of this century, that is strongly affecting the atmosphere and urban context of cities. In the light of these challenges there is a crucial need to study the effect of urban heat island phenomenon, which is characterized by an increased air temperature, from the periphery to the center of the cities, which it is partly caused …

Man's Emotional Responses And Wellbeing In Thekasbah Of Algiers, Imane Rezzoug Epau, Kenza Boussora Epau

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Human's emotional responses to the built environment are crucial to ensure both well-being and urban consciousness. The following research aims to explore the relationship between user's emotional responses to the built environment stimulus related to wellbeing. It studies people's emotional response as they encounter the alleys of the Kasbah of Algiers. A group of 10 architects participated in this study; they walked through the alleys of the Kasbah of Algiers, while talking spontaneously about their emotions and feelings regarding this space, and taking simultaneously pictures of the built environment scenes that are in relation with their emotional experience. Based on …

Co-Designing A Healthier Community:A Comprehensive Mobility Planfor Saida’S Waterfront, M Ohamad Tohme Research Assistant, Faculty Of Architecture-Design And Built Environment,, Hiba Mohsen Assistant Professor, Faculty Of Architecture-Design And Built Environment

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Designing and improving cycling and walking as a soft mobility mode of transport has both environmental and social benefits and is a key in promoting healthier communities. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in redeveloping a master plan of Saida city, the gate of southern Lebanon in order to enhance the public realm, but unfortunately, a clear vision to develop comprehensive plan is still lacking. Among all Lebanese cities, Saida is the only city banned from motorcycle use for 20 years ago due to security issues. Moreover, Saida has a flat terrain, therefore it has the potential …

Designing Non-Stressed Psychological Public Spaces, Eslam Elsamahy Assistant Professor, Faculty Of Architecture-Design And Built Environment,, Rana Abd El-Fattah Lecturer (Phd Holder), Department Of Architecture, Faculty Of Fine Arts

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Stress is considered the most nervous impact that affects human life due to pressure from many reasons, one of the external factors is the Built environment. The public space as a surrounding context plays a main effective role in human psychological mood whether negative or positive. The paper aims to evaluate urban public spaces, especially from the users’ activities in relation to stress factors, these applied through public spaces in Tripoli city, Lebanon. The methodology will be through an analytical study using observation and a questionnaire to measure the types of users’ activities in public spaces and their sense of …

Developing A Collaborative Framework For Linkingwoman’S Health, Walkability With Neighborhooddesign: A Pilot Study In Beirut, Hiba Mohsen Assistant Professor, Faculty Of Architecture-Design And Built Environment, Hala El Ahmadieh Assistant Professor, Faculty Of Medicine

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Urban environments, which lack adequate social environments suitable for walking, lead to spreading a culture of poor diet and minimal physical activity amongst its dwellers, and thus become one of the major contributing environmental factors that lead to obesity. Nevertheless, the evidence review findings on the association between urban parameters and health outcomes still needs to be investigated and requires integrated system approach for informed health planning. In a car dependent city, like Beirut, with a weak pedestrian infrastructure in addition to unhealthy modern lifestyle, there is significant health problems, particularly obesity, in women. Though genetic tendency is known to …

Sensory Spatial Appraisal Of The Child Medical Unitof Mustapha Pacha Hospital In Algiers, Nassila Ghida Laboratoire Ville Architecture Et Patrimoine- Lvap-, Kenza Boussora Laboratoire Ville Architecture Et Patrimoine- Lvap-

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Mustapha Pacha hospital is one of the oldest health services of Africa. It was constructed as a shelter of injured soldiers in the 19th century during the Ottoman Regency. It has a stratigraphy of more than two centuries. Its final planning was held by Jules Voinot in and with the Champs de Manoeuvre Algiers city extension, at the beginning of the 20th. Having a ward configuration, neither its organization nor its functional basics spatial use did change, regarding the demographical or the technical needs. It is integrated in the city and vice-versa. The research takes as a case study the …

Building Permit: A Critical Review Of The Legalframework In Lebanon, Ali Mourad Assistant Professor, Department Of Public Law, Faculty Of Law And Political Science

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

The Building Permit (BP) is a required administrative authorization issued by public authorities. It ensures that the planned construction is abiding by the legal framework governing the construction works in the targeted are or zone. In Lebanon, the Construction Law, No.646/2004 regulates the issuance of BPs. The technical and legal procedures involve require the engagement of various administrative authorities. In this context, three institutions are involved. At first, the Order of Engineers and Architects (OEA), the General Directorate of Urban Planning (GDUP) and the relevant local authorities on the Municipal level. However, as of 2014, the Ministry of the Interior …

Dietary Supplements Consumption Among Sportsmen Inlebanon, Bilal Azakir Assistant Professor, Department Of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty Of Medicine, Ghaydaa Abou Daher2 Faculty Of Medicine, Azza Abou Al Naga3 Professor, Department Of Clinical Sciences, Faculty Of Medicine

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

The prevalence and the precipitated factors of dietary supplements use among sportsmen is poorly investigated in Lebanon. This study aim to assess the prevalence of dietary supplements use among sportsmen in Lebanon and affecting factors. This is a crosssectional study where participants were selected n by convenient sampling. 23.24% of participants reported using dietary supplements with the highest supplements used being proteins and amino acids. The main reasons were to aid an inadequate diet and to increase muscle strength. Although the majority did not attend information session about dietary supplements, participants were mostly aware about dietary supplement use and potential …

Occupant Satisfaction Of Indoor Environmentin Light Of Integrated Green & Well Requirements, Wael Kamel Professor, Department Of Construction And Building Engineering,, Sherine Shafik Professor, Department Of Architecture – Engineering & Environmental Design, Esraa Elgezery M.Sc. Researcher, Department Of Architecture – Engineering & Environmental Design

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Buildings are the foundations of modern cities urban planning. People spend about 80-90% of their life in buildings “indoor environment / closed places”. Most successful models in developing countries set the people’s health and wellbeing in the center of focus of their Sustainable Development Planning Process (SDPP). Building architecture and design techniques developed across the time reached to the GREEN and WELL Buildings Architecture to be the cornerstone and key element of human health, accommodating and ensuring a high quality of life and wellbeing for all people at all ages. A thorough Literature review showed a gap between the Rated …

Architecture Against Crime, Salah Missi Teaching Professor, Faculty Of Architecture – Design & Built Environment,, Maged Youssef Assistant Professor, Faculty Of Architecture – Design & Built Environment

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

The accelerated development in the industry of weapons has reshaped the human behaviors, which led to spreading of wars and terrorism. Since World War I, homeless people could not live without making crimes as a source of income. Residential compounds, private proprieties, and public projects have become attraction points magnetizing robbers. Consequently, architects have realized the importance to use design strategies reducing crimes. The scale of crime prevention is varied to cover a single building or a group of buildings. This paper proposes awareness-guidelines for 'architecture against crime' to be considered before setting the urban design of residential compounds in …

Investigating The Effect Of Urban Built Environmenton Mental Health(Depression): Case Study Of Damietta City, Egypt, Mona Maria Master Student, Department Of Architecture, Faculty Of Engineering, Hany M. Ayad Professor, Department Of Architecture, Faculty Of Engineering, Rania Raslan Lecturer (Phd Holder), Department Of Architecture, Faculty Of Engineering

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Mental health disorders account for 7.4% of the burden of disease, and are now the leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. This paper explores the impact of the attributes of the built environment on mental health. It is difficult to measure mental health, so depression has been chosen to indicate it as the most common form of mental illness and its prevalence is projected to increase (CDC, 2013a) and it can be measured. Depression was assessed in across sectional survey of residents on (n=445) which has been divided into 4 study areas. Each 2 areas have the same socio-economic characteristics …

Designing For A Healthy And Cultureintegrative Urban Environment: Thecase Study Of Al-Diriyah Triangle, Sami Al-Sabbagh1 Architect,

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Problem Definition: The given situation is pushing urban designer and planner to think of solutions that could help alleviate the threats of the rapid growth repercussions and plan for a better living urban environment. Aim and Objectives:This paper examines the possibility of planning future urban developments through the application of modern sustainable urban models and solution as well as learn from century old environmentally responsive architectural and urban practices. Methodology: This paper will take the Case Study of Al-Diriyah Triangle project in Riyadh – Saudi Arabia, a new urban development bordering Wadi Hanifa and neighboring to the historic core of …

Monitoring Daily Mobility Patterns For Universitystudents Using Gps Tracking: Tripoli As A Case Study, Nabil Mohareb Associate Professor , Faculty Of Architecture, Design And Built Environment, Osama Omar Assistant Professor, Faculty Of Architecture – Design & Built Environment

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Due to the current rapid growth of cities and technology, younger generations are spending more time in vehicles for their daily trips from home to various destinations, including their educational facilities. It is important to understand how people are using these spaces, and measuring this ‘understanding’ would need to consider a huge number of factors. This paper aims to help understand the pattern of movements in Tripoli city by monitoring Beirut Arab University students for a defined period of time using a GPS tracking method, and then comparing it with the spatial configuration of the city. This preliminary pilot study …

Zero Carbon City- Masdar City Critical Analysis, Walid Fouad Omar Professor, Department Of Architecture, Faculty Of Fine Arts

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Climate has a direct impact on the performance of buildings and their energy consumption especially in hot arid areas. In these areas, the lack of water and energy sources forces people to build their houses with several strategies, based on minimum energy consumption as using the environment natural climatic strategies for coping with harsh conditions as vernacular architecture. In order to apply and achieve sustainable building in hot and humid climates, efforts must be put into understanding the local climate, and integrating appropriate building technologies into the architectural and urban designs. Today, the continuous progress in technologies offered new means …

Imagining The Future Of Medicine Through A Lens Of Prejudice: Lessons From The American Past, Neil Nusbaum

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Many healthcare management decisions today, such as those about facility construction, will have impact even decades beyond the traditional 5 or 10 year planning horizon. In order to get some idea of the possibilities and challenges of today’s long range forecasts in healthcare, it is instructive to look at how well similar efforts fared a century ago. Looking in retrospect now, the task of prognostication then was impeded in part by a failure of vision due to prejudicial attitudes of the era.

Barriers For Cervical Cancer Screening In Women Living With Hiv: A Systematic Review, Vimala Ganta Md, Mph, Sheniz Moonie Phd, Brian Labus Phd, Karen Gutierrez Bs, Xan Y. Goodman Mlis, Ahip

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Cervical cancer is a prominent cancer in U.S. women caused primarily by the human papilloma virus and its incidence and mortality rates have decreased through screening programs. Certain barriers are perceived to be affecting the rates of cervical cancer screening among women living with HIV (WLWH). A systematic review was conducted to identify and summarize these barriers among WLWH nationwide. There is a need to increase awareness and education among WLWH. Public health programs and community-based interventions should target women of low SES and minority status while assessing the barriers among this population to improve cervical cancer screening rates.

Factors Affecting The Characterization Of Post-Exertional Malaise Derived From Patient Input, Carly S. Holtzman, Claire Fisher, Shaun Bhatia, Leonard A. Jason

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

The National Institutes of Health/Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NIH/CDC) Common Data Elements (CDE) established a post-exertional malaise (PEM) workgroup with the task of describing PEM and recommending a standardized way of assessing it in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). As a stigmatized group, patients with ME/CFS are in need of instruments which can properly describe their symptomatic experiences, which can help reduce the disparity between illness seriousness and appropriate attention from healthcare. The current study explored attitudes and preferences among 115 patients with ME/CFS who participated in the creation of a patient-driven instrument to …

Disparities In Health Behavior Risks Among Employed And Unemployed Black And White Older Adults, M. Courtney Hughes, Tamara A. Baker, Hansol Kim

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Objective: Examine health behavior risk rates and disparities in health behavior risks related to race and employment among older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of a representative sample of noninstitutionalized adults aged 65 and older (150,669 in 2015 and 168,011 in 2016) from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Self-reported health behavior risks were measured as well as multiple logistic regression analyses assessing the independent effects of demographic variables on health behavior risks. Results: Employed older adults have greater health behavior risks than unemployed older adults. Black employed older adults have greater health behavior risks than Black unemployed older adults …

A Lung Cancer Screening Personalized Decision-Aid Improves Knowledge And Reduces Decisional Conflict Among A Diverse Population Of Smokers At An Urban Academic Medical Center, Madeline Kaufman, Nilan Schnure, Andrea Nicholson, Frank Leone, Carmen Guerra

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Introduction: Few lung cancer screening decision aids have been tested in diverse populations. The study objective was to determine whether the online decision aid www.shouldiscreen.com impacts knowledge of and decisional conflict around lung cancer screening in a diverse population.

Methods: Eligible patients had significant smoking histories, were at increased risk for lung cancer (ages 45-80, >20 pack-years, smoking within last 15 years) and had no history of prior lung cancer or screening. Data was collected and analyzed in 2017.

Results: 40 patients were enrolled: 80% were female, 62.5% black, 33% white, and 48% had a high school …

Investigating Disparities In High School Athletes’ Attitude Toward Concussion And Predictors Of Continuing Play, Jessica Wallace, Jamie Mcallister Deitrick, Tywan Martin, Ryan N. Moran

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Objective: Studies related to attitudes of concussion have been growing in athletic populations. While racial and socioeconomic disparities exist in knowledge and awareness of concussion, it remains unclear the effect of disparities on attitudes of concussion and reporting behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine racial and socioeconomic disparities on attitudes towards concussion and the decision to remain in play with a suspected concussion.

Design: This cross-sectional study included 577 athletes between the ages of 13-19 (16.0 ± 1.2) years from 14 high schools. Participants completed a knowledge and attitudes instrument assessing general attitudes of concussion using 7 …

Sex Differences In Risk Factors For Oral And Pharyngeal Cancer Among Puerto Rican Adults, Maira A. Castaneda-Avila, Cynthia Perez, Jose Vivaldi, Elba C. Díaz, Hilmaris Centeno, Ana P. Ortiz

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Background: Oral and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) is a frequent type of cancer in Puerto Rico, with the risk being higher in men relative to women. We assessed differences in OPC risk factors implicated in these sex disparities.

Methods: We analyzed data of 740 adult participants (40-65 years) from the San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study (SOALS). A comprehensive questionnaire was administered to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, cigarette smoking, binge drinking, oral high-risk HPV infection, fruit and vegetable consumption, sexual behavior, and oral hygiene practices. A full-mouth periodontal examination was also performed. Sixteen OPC known and potential risk factors were …