Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Alteration Of The Gut Microbiome In Normal And Overweight School Children From Selangor With Lactobacillus Fermented Milk Administration, Narcisse Joseph, Jonathan B. Clayton, Susan L. Hoops, Carter A. Linhardt, Amalia Mohd Hashim, Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof, Suresh Kumar, Syafinaz Amin Nordin

Food for Health: Publications

Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem worldwide. Perturbations in the gut microbiota composition have been associated with the development of obesity in both children and adults. Probiotics, on the other hand, are proven to restore the composition of the gut microbiome which helps reduce the development of obesity. However, data on the effect of probiotics on gut microbiota and its association with childhood obesity is limited. This study aims to determine the effect of probiotics supplement intervention on gut microbiota profiles in obese and normal-weight children. A total of 37 children, 17 normal weight, and 20 overweight school …

Stool Microbiome, Ph And Short/Branched Chain Fatty Acids In Infants Receiving Extensively Hydrolyzed Formula, Amino Acid Formula, Or Human Milk Through Two Months Of Age, Car Reen Kok, Bradford Brabec, Maciej Chichlowski, Cheryl L. Harris, Nancy Moore, Jennifer L. Wampler, Jon Vanderhoof, Devin Rose, Robert Hutkins

Food for Health: Publications

CRISPR–Cas is an anti-viral mechanism of prokaryotes that has been widely adopted for genome editing. To make CRISPR–Cas genome editing more controllable and safer to use, anti-CRISPR proteins have been recently exploited to prevent excessive/prolonged Cas nuclease cleavage. Anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins are encoded by (pro)phages/(pro)viruses, and have the ability to inhibit their host’s CRISPR–Cas systems. We have built an online database AcrDB (http://bcb.unl.edu/AcrDB) by scanning ∼19 000 genomes of prokaryotes and viruses with AcrFinder, a recently developed AcrAca (Acr-associated regulator) operon prediction program. Proteins in Acr-Aca operons were further processed by two machine learning-based programs (AcRanker and PaCRISPR) to obtain …

Effects Of Ankle Angular Position And Standing Surface On Postural Control Of Upright Stance, Fawaz A. Alwadani, Huaqing Liang, Alexander S. Aruin

Physical Therapy Faculty Research

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of ankle angular position and standing surface type on static upright balance. Ten young adults stood on a force platform or on a firm wedge that induced 15° of either dorsiflexion or plantarflexion. In addition, a piece of foam was placed on top of the force platform and on the wedge. The center of pressure distance and velocity in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were calculated. Significantly larger magnitudes in most of the investigated variables were seen while standing with ankles in the dorsiflexion when compared with standing with the …

Machine Learning Prediction Of Glioblastoma Patient One-Year Survival, Andrew Du '20, Warren Mcgee, Jane Y. Wu

Student Publications & Research

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a grade IV astrocytoma formed primarily from cancerous astrocytes and sustained by intense angiogenesis. GBM often causes non-specific symptoms, creating difficulty for diagnosis. This study aimed to utilize machine learning techniques to provide an accurate one-year survival prognosis for GBM patients using clinical and genomic data from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas. Logistic regression (LR), support vector machines (SVM), random forest (RF), and ensemble models were used to identify and select predictors for GBM survival and to classify patients into those with an overall survival (OS) of less than one year and one year or greater. With …

Formative Work To Design A Digital Learning Self-Assessment And Feedback Tool To Prevent Weight Gain Among College Students, M.A Napolitano, S.B. Lynch, M.N. Mavredes, B.D. Shambon, L. Posey

Health Sciences Education Research

Objective: While colleges have implemented brief, tailored interventions for health-risk areas such as alcohol prevention, theoretically-guided digital learning offerings for weight gain prevention have lagged behind in programming and implementation. Thus, the objective was to design and usability test a weight gain prevention digital learning platform for college students with modules targeting key nutrition and physical activity behaviors. Methods: Development occurred in iterative phases: formative research, descriptive normative data collection, prototype development, and usability testing. Formative research consisted of background work and survey administration to incoming and current freshmen. Prototype development was guided by theories of behavior change and cognitive …

Himmelfarb Library Annual Report 2020, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Himmelfarb Library Annual Report

No abstract provided.

Improvement In Overground Walking After Treadmill-Based Gait Training In A Child With Agenesis Of The Corpus Callosum, Gena Henderson, Matthew Beerse, Huaqing Liang, Diego Ferreira, Jianhua Wu

Physical Therapy Faculty Research

Background: Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a rare congenital brain defect that produces a wide variety of cognitive and motor impairments. Literature regarding the response of pediatric populations with ACC to physical rehabilitation is scarce. Treadmill-based gait training (TT) has been shown to improve walking ability in some pediatric populations but has not been investigated in children with ACC.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a novel treadmill intervention paradigm on the gait parameters of a child with ACC.

Design: A single-participant design with 2 phases was used.

Methods: The settings were …

Imaginary Companions: The Children Who Create Them And The Adult Response, Sarah Tsang

Undergraduate Honors College Theses 2016-

As a part of childhood development, the need for companionship and socialization are a necessity. But what happens when a child does not have any friends or adults to socialize with? Imaginary friends (also known as imaginary companions or ICs) are created to befriend children and help them develop their emotions. This thesis is a literary study about the field of imaginary companions, the children who create them, and the response the environment has to these “invisible friends.”

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Its Pathogenesis, Management, Complications, And Potential Cures, Caitlin Gallagher

Undergraduate Honors College Theses 2016-

Type 1 diabetes is an endocrine disease which develops because of an autoimmune response that targets and degrades insulin-producing islet cells in the pancreas. The destruction of beta cells results in an inability to produce insulin, a hormone that is essential in the regulation of blood glucose concentration. The incidence of type 1 diabetes continues to increase in the United States. The pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes is influenced by several favors including autoimmunity, genetic predispositions, and environmental insults. The disease typically manifests as a combination of symptoms, most commonly polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria. Documented symptoms, elevated blood glucose levels, …

Seen In Science: Lgbtq+ Inclusivity In Anatomy & Physiology Texts, Harshini Sirvisetty, Kat Ray King, Linda Catherine Fuselier

Undergraduate Arts and Research Showcase

Biology is unique from other science disciplines in that concepts taught in core classes can inform our student’s understanding of sex and gender. A biology major encounters lessons on sex determination, sexual reproduction, and sex characteristics in their courses. The language used in these units matters. It is imperative that educators consider how the language, examples, and content that we use in classrooms drive (or not) inclusivity for gender- and sexuality-diverse (GSD) (aka LGBTQ+) individuals. We chose to analyze four college-level human anatomy/physiology (AP) textbooks for GSD population inclusivity. We adopted a queer theory framework to critically examine how sex, …

Communicative Function And Diversity In Provider, Deaf And Hard-Of-Hearing Child, And Caregiver Speech During Telepractice, Rebekah G. O'Bryan, Jessica M. Julian, Maria V. Kondaurova

Undergraduate Arts and Research Showcase

How does the use of telepractice during speech language therapy affect the communicative function and communicative diversity of provider, deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) pediatric patient, and caregiver speech? This study examined communicative functions and diversity in the provider, DHH children with cochlear implants (n = 7, mean age = 4.9 years, range = 3.5-6.75 years), and caregiver utterances during one 30-minute in-person and one sequential tele session, order counterbalanced. To measure communicative function, each utterance was classified into 16 mutually exclusive categories for the child and into 15 categories for the adults. Communicative diversity was calculated as the number of …

The Innovator - Winter 2020, Allison Litera

Faculty Affairs & Research Newsletters - The Innovator

Newsletter published by the Offices of Faculty Affairs & Research

Validity Of The Paper Pull Test For Strength In Patients With Hallux Valgus, Marcey Keefer Hutchison, Jeff Houck, Jaymee Kau, Kristen E. Omohundro, Alex Hughes, Kara Oshiro, Taylor Eckel

Faculty Publications - College of Physical Therapy

Introduction/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore validity of the paper pull test (PPT) to assess hallux flexion strength and function in persons with hallux valgus (HV). The following hypotheses were tested: 1) The PPT is valid for inferring 1st MTP flexion strength and heel rise (HR) performance (e.g. heel height). 2) A specified threshold of force during the PPT can be identified that discriminates patients with HV. 3) Muscle activity (abductor hallucis [AH], flexor hallucis brevis [FHB]), in patients with HV will be distinct from controls across three tasks: 1) PPT, 2) lowering phase of a HR, …

Libro De Actividades Por El Mes Nacional De La Salud Dental Infantil [Spanish Language Version: National Children's Dental Health Month Activity Book] (2020), American Dental Association Foundation

National Children's Dental Health Month

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Altmetrics And Plumx Metrics Scoring As Mechanisms To Evaluate The Top 100 Trending Hidradenitis Suppurativa Articles On Social Media: Cross-Sectional Study, Chapman Wei, Aaron Fong, Theodore Quan, Puneet Gupta, Adam Friedman

School of Medicine and Health Sciences Student Works

Background: Dermatologists are increasingly utilizing social media platforms to disseminate scientific information. New tools, such as altmetrics and PlumX metrics, have been made available to rapidly capture the level of scientific article dissemination across social media platforms. However, no studies have been performed to assess the level of scientific article dissemination across social media regarding hidradenitis suppurativa, a disease that is still currently not well understood.

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the utility of altmetrics and PlumX metrics by characterizing the top 100 “trending” hidradenitis suppurativa articles in the altmetric database by the altmetric attention score …

Change The Environment; Change The Child, Theresa M. Sabo

MOT Student Capstones

Children that have been exposed in utero to illicit drug use by their mothers is a growing problem in society. These children enter the early childhood education system with biological changes to their brains that affect their ability to learn and engage effectively with others. They present with a wide variety of behaviors that they may or may not be able to control. Often these children are labeled as just not trying. An evidenced-based PowerPoint presentation named Change the Environment; Change the Child was developed to provide early childhood educators a better understanding of this population's needs and of interventions …

Low Dose Computed Tomography And Lung Cancer, Kayla Roman

Medical Imaging Senior Posters

Low Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) is frequently used for patients who have a high risk of developing lung cancer since it can visualize small tumors not identified on chest x-rays. There are two main types of lung cancer: non- small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. However, smoking is the main cause of lung cancer. The patient must be between the age of 55-80 years old and have a 30 pack-year smoking history, currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years to qualify for a LDCT scan. The main benefit of LDCT is that it can …

Flash Cardiac Imaging Of The Coronary Arteries, Cierra Yonchik

Medical Imaging Senior Posters

Single Source Cardiac Computed Tomography (CT) Imaging for evaluation of the coronary arteries occurs in multiple formats; the most common being prospective sequential and retrospective spiral methods. The differences between the two methods include dose to the patient as well as the image acquisition process. Dual source CT or Flashcardiac imaging of the coronary arteries is an additional method currently utilized by many facilities via Siemens® equipment. Dual-source imaging has multiple advantages and few disadvantages. An in-depth comparison between flash (dual-source) imaging and traditional (single-source)cardiac imaging is the purpose of this research.

Diagnosis And Treatment Of Peripheral Artery Disease (Pad) In Interventional Radiography, Evan Busher

Medical Imaging Senior Posters

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a narrowing of the peripheral arteries which supply blood to the legs, arms, stomach, and heart. This narrowing occurs due to atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque or fat on the walls of the blood vessels. Atherosclerosis results in the restriction of blood flow to the desired site, which is most often the legs. The most common symptoms for PAD are cramps or pain in the leg when walking, which subsides during periods of rest. A brachial-ankle index test can be administered to monitor the blood pressures in the upper and lower limbs to …

Breast Fibroadenomas, Jessica Savage

Medical Imaging Senior Posters

Breast fibroadenomas are common benign (non-cancerous) breast tumors made up of glandular and stromal (connective tissue) found in women of all ages. Fibroadenomas take on a solid lump feeling like a marble in the breast. They often cause no pain to the patient and are unilateral. There are four types of breast fibroadenomas: complex fibroadenoma, juvenile fibroadenoma, giant fibroadenoma, and phyllodes tumor. Each type has their own distinct characteristics. Fibroadenomas tend to shrink after a woman goes through menopause. While there is no medical treatment or medicine to decrease the lumps, surgical excision may be necessary if the lumps are …

The Complexity Of Diagnosing Sclerosing Breast Adenosis, Lauren Sokirka

Medical Imaging Senior Posters

The Complexity of Diagnosing Sclerosing Breast Adenosis

Lauren Sokirka

Dr. Elaine Halesey, Ed.D., R.T.(R)(QM)

Abstract

This project explains the research conducted on the complexity of sclerosing breast adenosis and the specific findings that can lead to a misdiagnosis. Explanation of the disease, methods of diagnosis, case-studies, and risk factors are discussed. In addition, common presentations in misdiagnoses in imaging modalities such as MRI, mammography and ultrasound are included in this project. Sclerosing adenosis is dominantly found in women around the perimenopausal age and usually does not show any symptoms. When the breast is imaged through multiple modalities, the presentation of …

Analysis Of Platforms And Functions Of Mobile-Based Personal Health Record Systems, Byung Kwan Choi, Young-Taek Park, Lee-Seung Kwon, Phoebe (Yeon) S. Kim

Nursing Faculty Publications

Objectives
Little is known about the platforms and functionalities of mobile-based personal health record (PHR) applications. The objective of this study was to investigate these two features of PHR systems.
Methods
The unit of analysis was general hospitals with more than 100 beds. This study was based on a PHR survey conducted from May 1 to June 30, 2020 and the National Health Insurance administrative data as of March 31, 2020. The study considered the platform, Android and iPhone operation system (iOS), and types of functionalities of PHR systems. Among the 316 target hospitals, 103 hospitals had adopted PHR systems. …

Work Well: Promoting Health Behaviors And Self-Care Amongst Public School Faculty, Staff, & Administrators, Sherri Smith

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Workplace wellness is a critical aspect within an organization. Failure to encourage and meet the wellness needs of staff can lead to increased absenteeism, decreased productivity, as well as increased stress levels. Improved workplace wellness in an academic setting has not only potential positive impact on employees but also the students they teach. Evidence shows that implementing wellness initiatives in academic settings has the potential to improve the overall wellbeing of teachers as well as students. Interventions include a Walkabout Challenge, a Caring Peer Group, and education. The interventions are an effort to improve self-care habits amongst faculty and staff …

Utilization Of Telepsychiatry To Combat The Opioid Crisis In The United States, Haley Tallarico

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: In the past five years, the United States (U.S.) has experienced an unprecedented epidemic of opioid misuse, abuse and overdose related death, leading to a national public health crisis. Telepsychiatry along with medication-assisted treatment has been proposed as a viable solution. The purpose of this research was to examine the field of telepsychiatry as a practical means to combat the rapidly increasing opioid epidemic facing America and to determine the effect of telepsychiatry utilization on access to treatment received in an outpatient medical setting.

Methodology: The methodology for this study was a literature review including the use of …

Quality And Clinical Care Development In Spine Surgery-Connecting The Dots: An Expanded Clinical Narrative., Sarah Hopkins, Polly Brune, Jens R Chapman, Marc Horton, Rod J Oskouian, Akshal Patel, Marc D Moisi

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Our health care system is an evidenced-based quality-centric environment. Pursuit of quality is a process that encompasses knowledge development and care advancements through collaboration and expertise. Depicted here is the foundational knowledge, process, and contributions that hallmark successful clinical quality programs. Beginning with methodology, followed by process and form, we create the foundational knowledge and exemplars demonstrating framework and continuum of process in pursuit and attainment of successful clinical quality and care development for patients. Although our protocol has been devised for complex spine care, this could be implemented across all health care specialties to provide individualized and high-quality care …

Graphic Novels In Biology – A Novel Assessment Idea, Sowmya Anjur

Faculty Publications & Research

Galileo once said, “You cannot teach a man anything, you can only help him find it within himself.” (Goodreads, 2020). I have often pondered upon how best I could use this advice. I have been an educator for 24 years and have loved every minute of it. During this time, I have seen students of all cadres come and go, but they all have one thing in common - their innate fear of written assessments. In general, students in high school tend to have a different perspective on education than their adult counterparts - they tend to procrastinate, are usually …

Dysfunctional Mitochondrial Biogenesis: A Potential Underlying Cause For Metabolic Diseases, Caroline Ann Hunter

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Mitochondria are essential organelles that play crucial roles in many aspects of cellular homeostasis. More importantly, the mitochondria are home to the majority of the metabolic pathways within the cell and are responsible for producing most of the cell’s useable energy in the form of adenine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In mammals, the majority of OXPHOS complex subunits are encoded by nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); however, 13 core subunits essential for the function of OXPHOS complexes I, III, IV, and V are encoded in the mitochondrial (mt) DNA (mtDNA) and are synthesized within the mitochondria by its own …

Promoting Physical Activity In Group Home Settings: Staff Perspectives Through A Swot Analysis, Bik C. Chow, Peggy Hiu Nam Choi, Wendy Yajun Huang, Chien-Yu Pan

Faculty of Design & Environment (THEi)

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate perceptions of staff about the promotion of physical activity (PA) in selected group residences of Hong Kong (HK), some of which had experienced a multi-component PA program. Method: Focus group interviews with nineteen staff members from four group homes (two of which received the program) were conducted. Findings: A SWOT analysis provided important insights into residential staff views about key influences on the quality of PA programs for residents with intellectual disabilities (ID). Positive (strengths and opportunities) and negative (weaknesses and threats) influences were identified. They were associated with characteristics of …

Occupational Therapy Perspectives On Creating A Sensory Friendly Event, Shana Mickel

MOT Student Capstones

Access to sensory friendly events is important for social development and participation for children and adults with sensory processing needs. The number of these events in local communities are limited. The disconnect between the number of accessible events and companies willing to host such events is exacerbated by limited resources and education available for non-medical companies. This project sought to determine the needs of a local hockey arena and manager and create a guideline that would assist in not only hosting an event but also educating staff to feel more empowered to be part of the planning and implementation aspect. …

Insights Into The Dynamics Between Viruses And Their Hosts In A Hot Spring Microbial Mat, Jessica K. Jarett, Mária Džunková, Frederik Schulz, Simon Roux, David Paez-Espino, Emiley Eloe-Fadrosh, Sean P. Jungbluth, Natalia Ivanova, John R. Spear, Stephanie A. Carr, Christopher B. Trivedi, Frank Corsetti, Hope A. Johnson, Eric Becraft, Nikos Kyrpides, Ramunas Stepanauskas, Tanja Woyke

Biology

Our current knowledge of host–virus interactions in biofilms is limited to computational predictions based on laboratory experiments with a small number of cultured bacteria. However, natural biofilms are diverse and chiefly composed of uncultured bacteria and archaea with no viral infection patterns and lifestyle predictions described to date. Herein, we predict the first DNA sequence-based host–virus interactions in a natural biofilm. Using single-cell genomics and metagenomics applied to a hot spring mat of the Cone Pool in Mono County, California, we provide insights into virus–host range, lifestyle and distribution across different mat layers. Thirty-four out of 130 single cells contained …