Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

High Dose Propofol Effectively Euthanizes Zebrafish (Danio Rerio), David K. Chu, Katechan Jampachaisri, Cholawat Pacharinsak

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

We evaluated propofol overdose for euthanasia of zebrafish (Danio rerio). We hypothesized that 1) propofol 40 mg/L at 10 min submersion euthanizes zebrafish as effective as 20 or 30 min submersion; 2) propofol 80 mg/L at 10 min submersion euthanizes zebrafish as effective as with 100 or 120 mg/L. Wild-type AB zebrafish were randomly submersed into: Exp.1 - propofol 40 mg/L for 10, 20, or 30 mins; or Exp.2 - 80, 100, or 120 mg/L for 10 mins. Criteria monitored: aversive behavior; time to loss of righting reflex (LORR); undulation cessation; operculation cessation; fish movement from tank tap reflex cessation; …

Drill Into What Makes People Socially Responsible, David Chan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

In an invited commentary, SMU Behavioural Sciences Institute Director Professor David Chan explained why being socially responsible is critical in Singapore’s efforts to contain the Covid-19 outbreak and mitigate its effects. He discussed the psychology underlying people’s behaviour change and suggested that we pay attention to issues of values, image, norms, convenience and enforcement.

Learning From Transmasculine Experiences With Health Care: Tangible Inlets For Reducing Health Disparities Through Patient-Provider Relationships, Nickolas H. Lambrou, Katherine M. Cochran, Samantha Everhart, Jason D. Flatt, Megan Zuelsdorff, John B. O'Hara, Lance Weinhardt, Susan Flowers Benton, Carey E. Gleason

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Purpose: We examined health care experiences of transmasculine young adults to clarify factors contributing to mistrust in the health care system and identify tangible and modifiable means to address health disparities through improved patient-provider interactions. Thematic analysis highlights patterns within historical relationships between medical models and transmasculine embodiment, and provides guidance for health care clinicians, researchers, and policy makers to deliver competent services for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals. Methods: The study team used qualitative methodology guided by interpretive phenomenological analysis. Semistructured interviews with 12 participants who self-identified as transmasculine were conducted, transcribed, and coded thematically. Results: Participants were …

Preferred Treatment Methods For Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease, James L. Deitschel

Theses and Dissertations

Shared decision making is the concept of physicians involving patients in the treatment planning process. The University of Maryland Medical Center is interested in applying shared decision making to the treatment of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The two treatment methods analyzed in this study were medical management and surgery. To explore patient preferences between these two alternatives, a discrete choice experiment (DCE) was employed. The responses for the DCE were binary, so logistic regression models were explored. The conditional logistic regression model was determined to be the most appropriate for this analysis. After step-wise regression was performed, a …

Retrospective Cohort Study Of Pure Tone Audiometry Threshold Shifts From Ototoxic Substance, Continuous Noise, And Impulse Noise Exposures At Tinker Air Force Base From 2005 To 2019, Marc J. Blair

Theses and Dissertations

This retrospective cohort epidemiology study sought to establish the comparative risks and potential indicators of hearing loss associated with combinations of ototoxic substances, impulse noise, and continuous noise exposure. Currently, there is not an existing model or methodology in the Department of Defense (DoD) that joins occupational exposure data and pure tone audiometric data. After developing an integrated database model for Tinker Air Force Base, the largest of three depot installations within Air Force Material Command, 2,372 individuals were grouped into eight combinations of exposure groups with a minimum three years exposure duration to hazards. The incidence rates and relative …

Development And Characterization Of A Filter-Based Bioaerosol Sampler Capable Of Integration Into Small Unmanned Aerial Systems, Stephanie A. Ohms

Theses and Dissertations

In developing functional SUAS, performance characteristics that indicate system capability should be developed prior to initiating initial system design. Key performance parameters should be developed involving all system elements (including vehicle body, operator, ground station, sensor, and algorithm or processing module). A bioaerosol sampler designed specifically for the use in SUAS was characterized based on designated performance measures to determine overall effectiveness compared to traditional bioaerosol samplers. For a system with a goal of accurately identifying and quantifying areas of airborne biological contamination or surveying background levels for longitudinal studies, performance parameters such as weight of the vehicle with payload …

Examining Healthy Community Design Characteristics And Its Influence On Physical Health, Alvin T. Yip

Theses and Dissertations

Current trends in obesity rates associated with the community layout constitutes research towards understanding the interaction between the two in order to improve the public's physical health. Successes in healthy community planning studies for the public can be harnessed and implemented within the microcosm of military bases to yield similar results. Four factors were recognized through an in-depth academic literature review that showed positive influence on physical health and physical activity. They are access to green space, highly connected pedestrian and bicycle networks, access to public transportation, and integrated mixed land use. The four healthy planning strategies formed the necessary …

Evidence For Gene-Smoking Interactions For Hearing Loss And Deafness In Japanese American Families, Jia Y Wan, Christina Cataby, Andrew Liem, Emily Jeffrey, Trina M Norden-Krichmar, Deborah Goodman, Stephanie A Santorico, Karen L Edwards

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the relationship between smoking and hearing loss and deafness (HLD) and whether the relationship is modified by genetic variation. Data for these analyses was from the subset of Japanese American families collected as part of the American Diabetes Association Genetics of Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus study. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations assessed the relationship between HLD and smoking. Nonparametric linkage analysis identified genetic regions harboring HLD susceptibility genes and ordered subset analysis was used to identify regions showing evidence for gene-smoking interactions. Genetic variants within these candidate regions were then each tested for interaction with …

Examining Measurement Reactivity In Daily Diary Data On Substance Use: Results From A Randomized Experiment, Anne Buu, Songshan Yang, Runze Li, Marc A Zimmerman, Rebecca M Cunningham, Maureen A Walton

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The debate about whether measurement reactivity exists in daily diary research on substance use is still unsettled due to the issues of study design and statistical methodology. This study proposes a time-varying effect model (TVEM) that characterizes the trajectory of substance use behaviors with nonparametric functions determined by the data rather than imposes presumed parametric functions. It also allows researchers to investigate the effect of measurement reactivity on not only the likelihood of using substances but also the amount of substance use. The TVEM was applied to analyze diary data on alcohol and marijuana use collected from an experiment, which …

The Application Of Digital Health To The Assessment And Treatment Of Substance Use Disorders: The Past, Current, And Future Role Of The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network, Lisa A. Marsch, Aimee Campbell, Cynthia Campbell, Ching-Hua Chen, Emre Ertin, Udi Ghitza, Chantal Lambert-Harris, Saeed Hassanpour, August F. Holtyn, Yih-Ing Hser, Petra Jacobs, Jeffrey D. Klausner, Shea Lemley, David Kotz, Andrea Meier, Bethany Mcleman, Jennifer Mcneely, Varun Mishra, Larissa Mooney, Edward Nunes, Chrysovalantis Stafylis, Catherine Stanger, Elizabeth Saunders, Geetha Subramaniam, Sean Young

Dartmouth Scholarship

The application of digital technologies to better assess, understand, and treat substance use disorders (SUDs) is a particularly promising and vibrant area of scientific research. The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN), launched in 1999 by the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse, has supported a growing line of research that leverages digital technologies to glean new insights into SUDs and provide science-based therapeutic tools to a diverse array of persons with SUDs.

This manuscript provides an overview of the breadth and impact of research conducted in the realm of digital health within the CTN. This work has …

A Rare Case Of Rapidly Enlarging Myelolipoma In Sickle Cell Disease, Paran Davari, Cortney Y. Lee, James T. Lee

Surgery Faculty Publications

Objective
Adrenal myelolipoma (AM) is a benign tumor composed of mature fat cells and hemopoietic elements. Most AMs are incidental findings on imaging and clinically asymptomatic. The purpose of this case report is to describe a rare case of AM and explore its clinical manifestations, imaging features, and treatment.

Methods
In this study, we report a case of a rapidly growing right AM in a patient with uncontrolled hemoglobin sickle cell disease. A 38-year-old male presented to our institution's endocrine surgery clinic for evaluation of an enlarging right adrenal mass. This mass was incidentally found during an abdominal ultrasound performed …

Sex-Specific Outcomes In A Substance Use Intervention Program., Alexandra Amaducci, Marna R. Greenberg Do, Mph, Facep, Andrew W. Sheen Do, Hanna R. Warren Do, Pratik M. Parikh Do, Paige Roth Lsw, Kevin Weaver D.O.,Facoep, David M. Richardson Md, David B. Burmeister Do, Facep, Cpe, Jennifer Stephens Do, Robert D. Cannon Do

Department of Emergency Medicine

PURPOSE: We performed an emergency department (ED)-based substance use screening, motivational interview-based intervention, and treatment referral program with the goal of determining sex-specific outcomes. Specifically, in this quality improvement project, we aimed to determine whether there was a difference among sexes in the type of substances used; the frequency of positive screening results for substance use disorder; agreeing to an intervention; the type of follow-up evaluation, participation, and referral; and attempts to change substance use after intervention.

METHODS: We prospectively studied a convenience sample of patients at 3 hospitals in Northeastern Pennsylvania from May 2017 through February 2018. Inclusion criteria …

Unpredictable Maternal Behavior Is Associated With A Blunted Infant Cortisol Response, Amanda N. Noroña-Zhou, Alyssa Morgan, Laura M. Glynn, Curt A. Sandman, Tallie Z. Baram, Hal S. Stern, Elyssia Poggi Davis

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is associated with poor physical and mental health. Early-life adversity may dysregulate cortisol response to subsequent stress. This study examines the association between patterns of maternal behavior and infant stress response to a challenge. Specifically, we test whether infant exposure to unpredictable maternal sensory signals is related to the cortisol response to a painful stressor.

Method

Participants were 102 mothers and their children enrolled in a longitudinal study. Patterns of maternal sensory signals were evaluated at 6 and 12 months during a 10-min mother–infant play episode. Entropy rate was calculated as a quantitative …

Cystoid Macular Edema In A Child., Jordan Hamburger, Xiaolu Yang, Carol L Shields

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

N/A

Pilomatrix Carcinoma Of The Lacrimal Caruncle: A Case Report., Ibrahim Inan Harbiyeli, Altan A Ozcan, Arbil Acıkalin, Emine Ciloglu, Carol L Shields

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

A 45-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of a mass located in the caruncle of his right eye. An incisional biopsy had been performed one month prior by another specialist, and the histopathology report showed basal cell carcinoma. The mass was completely excised with a 2 mm safety margin, and the large conjunctival defect was reconstructed with one sheet of amniotic membrane allograft. A histological diagnosis of pilomatrix carcinoma was established. To prevent recurrence after surgery, we added bevacizumab (25 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL per drop) eye drops four times per day for three months. At the one-year follow-up, the …

Acute Blockade Of Pacap-Dependent Activity In The Ventromedial Nucleus Of The Hypothalamus Disrupts Leptin-Induced Behavioral And Molecular Changes In Rats, Matthew M. Hurley, Eden M. Anderson, Christopher Chen, Brian Maunze, Evan Michael Hess, Megan E. Block, Neerali Patel, Zane Cooper, Riley Mccoy, Tanya Dabra, William Conley, Michael J. Reilly, Matthew C. Hearing, Sujean Choi

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Leptin signaling pathways, stemming primarily from the hypothalamus, are necessary for maintaining normal energy homeostasis and body weight. In both rodents and humans, dysregulation of leptin signaling leads to morbid obesity and diabetes. Since leptin resistance is considered a primary factor underlying obesity, understanding the regulation of leptin signaling could lead to therapeutic tools and provide insights into the causality of obesity. While leptin actions in some hypothalamic regions such as the arcuate nuclei have been characterized, less is known about leptin activity in the hypothalamic ventromedial nuclei (VMN). Recently, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating-polypeptide (PACAP) has been shown to reduce …

Worldwide Network For Blood And Marrow Transplantation (Wbmt) Recommendations For Establishing A Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Program In Countries With Limited Resources (Part Ii): Clinical, Technical And Socio-Economic Considerations, M Aljurf, D Weisdorf, S K. Hashmi, A Nassar, E Gluckman, M Mohty, D Rizzo, M Pasquini, M Hamadani, Salman Adil

Section of Haematology/Oncology

The development of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) programs can face significant challenges in most developing countries because such endeavors must compete with other government health care priorities, including the delivery of basic services. While this is may be a limiting factor, these countries should prioritize development of the needed expertise to offer state of the art treatments including transplantation, by providing financial, technological, legal, ethical and other needed support. This would prove beneficial in providing successful programs customized to the needs of their population, and potentially provide long-term cost-savings by circumventing the need for their citizens to seek care …

Mainstreaming Nutrition Services: Stabilization Centers And Outpatient Therapeutic Program Centers, Ashar Muhammad Malik

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.

Ewing Sarcoma Of Larynx: A Rare Case In A 5-Year-Old Boy, Hamdan Ahmed Pasha, Shayan Khalid, Muhammad Wasif, Moghira Siddiqui, Nasir Ud Din

Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

Ewing Sarcoma of the head and neck region is an extremely rare entity. Treatment usually involves surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy in varying sequences. We present the third case to date of Ewing sarcoma of the larynx in a paediatric population. A 5-year-old boy presented to emergency room with acute respiratory distress. Computerized tomography scan showed a mass in the supraglottis; he was intubated using videolaryngoscope and tracheostomy was avoided, mass was removed by cold dissection. Final histopathologic examination revealed Ewing sarcoma. Further workup showed no systemic metastasis. Patient was advised adjuvant therapy which the family refused. Currently he is doing …

Advance Directives And Intensity Of Care Delivered To Hospitalized Older Adults At The End-Of-Life, Marsha Helen Tyacke, Jill L. Guttormson, Mauricio Garnier-Villarreal, Kathryn Schroeter, Wendy Peltier

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Older adults prefer comfort over life-sustaining care. Decreased intensity of care is associated with improved quality of life at the end-of-life (EOL).

Objectives

This study explored the association between advance directives (ADs) and intensity of care in the acute care setting at the EOL for older adults.

Methods

A retrospective, correlational study of older adult decedents (N = 496) was conducted at an academic medical center. Regression analyses explored the association between ADs and intensity of care.

Results

Advance directives were not independently predictive of aggressive care but were independently associated with referrals to palliative care and hospice; however, …

Fluoridation: Our History, Our Legacy, James Wieland Dds

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

2020 marks the 75th anniversary of one of the world’s most dramatic public health initiatives, a public health project that dramatically improved the oral health of millions of people, not only in the United States but throughout the world. On Jan. 25, 1945, the Grand Rapids Study was launched and the Furniture City became the world’s first to adjust the fluoride level of its public water supply.

This landmark trial established the use of fluoridation as a safe, effective, and economical public health measure to prevent tooth decay.

How the Grand Rapids Study began is a fascinating story. Even though …

Community Water Fluoridation’S Legacy: Protect It Or Lose It, Johnny Johnson Dmd, Ms

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This article presents advocacy strategies to promote and preserve community water fluoridation initiatives. The American Fluoridation Society, patterned after the British Fluoridation Society, brings dentists, health experts, and other allies and provides evidence-based resources to address a broad spectrum of assertion by fluoridation opponents.

Conducting A 10-Minute Search For Evidence To Aid In Clinical Decision-Making, Mark Maceachern Mlis

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This article is a continuation of the Journal’s series on implementing EBD process into clinical practice. The abundance of scientific literature can make it difficult to find the best evidence to answer a clinical question. This article presents strategies for conducting a 10-minute search for the best evidence, including:

• Developing a PICO question to focus the search.
• Using free search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, TRIP, PubMed Clinical Queries, Medline-Plus.gov, Epistemonikos, and other online resources such as published ADA Clinical Practice Guidelines.
• Using keywords with search properties, such as Boolean Operators and filters, to discover specific types of articles, …

The Studies That Shaped A Science-Based Profession, Christopher J. Smiley

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Editorial on science-based public health policy and the lessons of the Grand Rapids Study.

The Epidemiology Of Alcohol Use Disorders Cross-Nationally: Findings From The World Mental Health Surveys, Meyer D. Glantz, Chrianna Bharat, Louisa Degenhardt, Nancy A. Sampson, Kate M. Scott, Carmen C.W. Lim, Ali Al-Hamzawi, Jordi Alonso, Laura Helena Andrade, Graca Cardoso, Giovanni De Girolamo, Oye Gureje, Yanling He, Hristo Hinkov, Elie G. Karam, Viviane Kovess-Masfety, Victor Lasebikan, Sing Lee, Daphna Levinson, John Mcgrath, Maria-Elena Medina-Mora, Constanta Mihaescu-Pintia, Zeina Mneimneh, Jacek Moskalewicz, Fernando Navarro-Mateu, Jose Posada-Villa, Charlene Rapsey, Juan Carlos Stagnaro, Hisateru Tachimori, Margreet Ten Have, Nathan L. Tintle, Yolanda Torres, David R. Williams, Yuval Ziv, Ronald C. Kessler

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

Background: Prevalences of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs) and Mental Health Disorders (MHDs) in many individual countries have been reported but there are few cross-national studies. The WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative standardizes methodological factors facilitating comparison of the prevalences and associated factors of AUDs in a large number of countries to identify differences and commonalities.

Methods: Lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of DSM-IV AUDs, MHDs, and associations were assessed in the 29 WMH surveys using the WHO CIDI 3.0.

Results: Prevalence estimates of alcohol use and AUD across countries and WHO regions varied widely. Mean lifetime prevalence of …

Gesea Biosciences - Core Shell Pellet Manufacturing Device, Claire Edelman, Maria Medrano, Rachel Longoria

Biomedical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Brain Candy: Wayne State University School Of Medicine Journal Of Arts And Culture, Special Edition: Reflections, Wayne State University School Of Medicine Gold Humanism Honor Society

Gold Humanism Honor Society

Brain Candy collects poetry, nonfiction essays, short fiction, photographs, and drawings to shed light on the creative process in medicine, the city of Detroit, and the experiences of health care providers. Each issue features submissions from medical students, physicians, and School of Medicine staff. With generous funding support from an alumnus, Dr. Thomas Janisse, Class of 1975, the journal was started in print in 2016.

Does Use Of A Mobile App And Telephone Support Promote Improved Self-Care Of Heart Failure?, April Christine Chew

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Background

Heart failure is a complex disease and a growing global epidemic. Symptoms and multiple comorbidities contribute to the overwhelming burden of heart failure, and support people make an important contribution to self-care. Effective self-care maintenance behaviors along with confidence and support can help people living with heart failure to effectively self-manage the disease.

Purpose

This project aimed to determine if use of a mobile app with telephone support calls was an effective intervention to promote improved self-care of heart failure and caregiver contribution to self-care of heart failure compared to the standard of care where the intervention was not …

Coaction Between Physical Activity And Fruit And Vegetable Intake In Racially Diverse, Obese Adults, Natalia I Heredia, Maria E Fernandez, Alexandra E Van Den Berg, Casey P Durand, Harold W Kohl, Belinda M Reininger, Kevin O Hwang, Lorna H Mcneill

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: There is minimal understanding of the potential for coaction, defined as action on one behavior increasing the likelihood of taking action on another behavior, between physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. The purpose of this study was to assess the bidirectional coaction between FV intake and PA, as well as self-efficacy for these behaviors, in a racially diverse sample of obese adults.

DESIGN: This is a secondary analysis using data collected from the Path to Health study, a randomized controlled trial. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03674229.

SAMPLE: Obese adults who completed baseline and 6-month follow-up assessments.

MEASURES: For …

Fibrin Clots Maintain The Viability And Proliferative Capacity Of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study, Ryan J Warth, Paul G Shupe, Xueqin Gao, Mohammad Syed, Walter R Lowe, Johnny Huard, Christopher D Harner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Augmentation of soft-tissue repairs with an autologous fibrin clot has been used clinically for nearly four decades; however, fibrin clots tend to produce an abundance of scar tissue, which is known to inhibit soft-tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) embedded in fibrin clots before repair could reduce scar tissue deposition and facilitate soft-tissue regeneration. To our knowledge, no published studies have directly evaluated the viability or bioactivity of MSCs in fresh human fibrin clots over time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability and bioactivity of human MSCs inside human fibrin clots over time in nutritive …