Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Student Knowledge Of Preterm Infant Feeding And Swallowing Therapy Protocols, Hailey Ashlyn Hickerson

Student Theses and Dissertations

Given that SLPs have such a wide scope of practice, graduate programs have a large amount of curriculum to cover: language, cognition, articulation, swallowing, pragmatics, and other areas. As a result, graduate students may feel inadequately prepared to work in infant feeding and swallowing settings. If graduate programs adequately educate their students on infant feeding and swallowing, more SLP students may decide to pursue employment and specialize in infant feeding and swallowing intervention to aid in therapy services for vulnerable infants with feeding and swallowing difficulties. The purpose of this study was to examine whether graduate school students feel adequately …

High School Students' Knowledge Of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Kaitlyn Danielle Wiles

Student Theses and Dissertations

There is a major gap and disparity in the age in which children are being diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Research has shown that several factors can contribute to some children being diagnosed at later ages compared to others. Parental age and education are two factors that have been linked to a later diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to identify and examine high school students’ knowledge of the characteristics and diagnosis of ASD. The primary investigator also examined the differences in knowledge between individuals enrolled in rural and urban area high schools. The study revealed some minor …

Exposure, Knowledge, And Experience Of Graduate Students In Communication Disorders On Treating Speech/Language Issues In Adults With Neurological Disorders Using Singing-Based Therapy, Tassie Lee Murphree

Student Theses and Dissertations

There are speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who use singing while in therapy to treat a variety of disorders for adults with neurological disorders. This study was conducted to investigate graduate student exposure to, knowledge of, and experience with utilizing singing in therapy with this population. Specifically, this survey was distributed to first- and second-year graduate students in communication disorders. The survey consisted of both general and specific questions to more effectively analyze the students’ familiarity levels with the topic, overall. The results indicated that the majority of students demonstrated limited knowledge of and exposure to singing in therapy. The students’ comfort …

Collegiate Rugby Players' Knowledge Of Concussions, Julia E. Bell

Student Theses and Dissertations

This investigation sought to discover if collegiate rugby players who have had a concussion were more knowledgeable about concussions than the players who had not had a concussion. The investigation also looked at the general amount of knowledge that the collegiate rugby players had about concussions, including the effects and prevention measures. This study was performed using a survey distributed to the Arkansas State University club rugby team. The survey consisted of several questions about concussions, the side effects of concussions, and players’ opinions on prevention and education of concussions. The data collection revealed that there were differing amounts of …

The Gender Gap In Alcohol Deaths Is Much Larger In Some States Than Others, Erin Bisesti

Population Health Research Brief Series

Alcohol-related deaths have been on the rise in the U.S. over the past several years. Men have higher rates of alcohol-related death than women, and the gender gap is largest in the western and southern regions of the U.S. This brief describes which states have the highest rates of alcohol-related death among men and women.

2020-03-17 A Message From Chancellor Roth, Paul B. Roth

HSC Messages from the Chancellor

No abstract provided.

Proteins Inform Survival-Based Differences In Patients With Glioblastoma, L. C. Stetson, Daniela M. Schlatzer, Peter Liao, Karen Devine, Kristin Waite, Marta E. Couce, Andrew E. Sloan, Mark R. Chance, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Improving the care of patients with glioblastoma (GB) requires accurate and reliable predictors of patient prognosis. Unfortunately, while protein markers are an effective readout of cellular function, proteomics has been underutilized in GB prognostic marker discovery. Methods: For this study, GB patients were prospectively recruited and proteomics discovery using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS) was performed for 27 patients including 13 short-term survivors (STS) (≤10 months) and 14 long-term survivors (LTS) (≥18 months). Results: Proteomics discovery identified 11 941 peptides in 2495 unique proteins, with 469 proteins exhibiting significant dysregulation when comparing STS to LTS. We verified the differential …

Unrevealing Sequence And Structural Features Of Novel Coronavirus Using In Silico Approaches: The Main Protease As Molecular Target, Joseph Thomas Ortega

Faculty Scholarship

Direct-acting antivirals are effective tools to control viral infections. SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus associated with the epidemiological outbreak in late 2019. Previous reports showed that HIV-1 protease inhibitors could block SARS-CoV main protease. Based on that and using an in silico approach, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 main protease as a target for HIV-1 protease inhibitors to reveal the structural features related to their antiviral effect. Our results showed that several HIV inhibitors such as lopinavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir produce strong interaction with the active site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Furthermore, broad library protease inhibitors obtained from PubChem and ZINC (www.zinc.docking.org) were …

Modified Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Regimen Provides Cardioprotection With Improved Tissue Perfusion In Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery, Kun Zhao, Yue Zhang, Jia Li, Qin Cui, Rong Zhao, Wensheng Chen, Jincheng Liu, Bijun Zhao, Yi Wan, Xin-Liang Ma, Shiqiang Yu, Dinghua Yi, Feng Gao

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

Background Laboratory studies demonstrate glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) as a potent cardioprotective intervention, but clinical trials have yielded mixed results, likely because of varying formulas and timing of GIK treatment and different clinical settings. This study sought to evaluate the effects of modified GIK regimen given perioperatively with an insulin-glucose ratio of 1:3 in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Methods and Results In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial with 930 patients referred for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, GIK (200 g/L glucose, 66.7 U/L insulin, and 80 mmol/L KCl) or placebo treatment was administered intravenously at 1 mL/kg per hour 10 minutes …

Abrogation Of Esophageal Carcinoma Development In Mir-31 Knockout Rats., Louise Y Fong, Cristian Taccioli, Alexey Palamarchuk, Guidantonio Malagoli Tagliazucchi, Ruiyan Jing, Karl J Smalley, Sili Fan, Joseph Altemus, Oliver Fiehn, Kay Huebner, John L Farber, Carlo M Croce

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

MicroRNA-31 (miR-31) is overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a deadly disease associated with dietary Zn deficiency and inflammation. In a Zn deficiency-promoted rat ESCC model with miR-31 up-regulation, cancer-associated inflammation, and a high ESCC burden following N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA) exposure, systemic antimiR-31 delivery reduced ESCC incidence from 85 to 45% (P = 0.038) and miR-31 gene knockout abrogated development of ESCC (P = 1 × 10-6). Transcriptomics, genome sequencing, and metabolomics analyses in these Zn-deficient rats revealed the molecular basis of ESCC abrogation by miR-31 knockout. Our identification of EGLN3, a known negative regulator of nuclear …

Graduate Occupational Therapy Students & Information Literacy: Does A Research Consultation Increase Information Literacy Skills While Lowering Library Anxiety?, Mary C. Rickelman, Christine Moghimi

Transforming Libraries for Graduate Students

In today’s academic environment, students equipped with self-regulated learning and information literacy skills have an excellent opportunity for professional success, given our current information-based practices in health care. Information literacy instruction provided to students early in their coursework will aide them in acquiring competency for the remainder of their studies, especially scholarly projects. Along with information literacy issues, library anxiety has been identified in the literature as a contributing factor to poor academic performance in students. The purpose of this study was to explore components of library anxiety, if present, as well as to help students become more comfortable and …

Acoustic Characteristics Of Word-Final American English Liquids Produced By L2 Adult Speakers, Judith A. Espinal

LSU Master's Theses

In this study, the acoustic differences between native English speakers’ (L1) and native-Korean speakers’ (L2) production of American English liquids /ɹ/, /l/ and /ɹl/ were examined among 14 Korean speakers and 13 English speakers. Temporal measures included (1) relative timing of maximum constriction and (2) duration of vocalic nuclei. Spectral measures included (1) Euclidean distance between /ɹ/ and /l/ and (2) frequency difference between F2 and F3. The results indicated a significant interaction between speaker group and phonetic stimuli. That is, L2 speakers produced a similar degree of constriction across semivowels, whereas L1 speakers produced varying degrees of F2-F3 constrictions …

Students As Investigators: Utilizing Active Learning To Engage Genetic Counseling Students, Stacey E. Wahl Ph.D., Dana L. Ladd Ph.D.

Transforming Libraries for Graduate Students

Providing one-shot instruction sessions can be difficult, particularly in the graduate learning environment. As librarians, we want to provide students with the skills to search effectively for health information without overwhelming or confusing them. In health science graduate programs, we are expected to connect literature searching skills with the content of the courses in a manner that is engaging to students. This challenge can be exacerbated when students are new to graduate school and have not yet become familiar with scientific literature searching or the research process. Two medical librarians sought to overcome these challenges by empowering genetic counseling students …

Librarian At The Colloquium: Delivering Unique Library Content For Phd Students, Susan Franzen

Transforming Libraries for Graduate Students

PhD students have unique needs and require different resources and services from the library than undergraduates, which is especially true of professionals in a nursing program. As clinicians, many do not have experience with the research and writing intensive requirements of a doctoral degree. The majority have not taken classes for years, and their master’s degrees were more hands-on, clinically-based. They often do not feel confident in their ability to search the literature, read closely, or write expansively. A unique avenue through which to meet their needs and share library resources is a PhD colloquium course.

Students take the colloquium …

Trends In The Sources Of Endophthalmitis At Kresge Eye Institute, Anita Vaishampayan, Kresge Eye Institute

Medical Student Research Symposium

Purpose

Endophthalmitis is a defined as a purulent inflammation of the intraocular fluids, namely the vitreous and aqueous humor. Endophthalmitis most commonly develops from infection, but can also be acquired from inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. We sought to determine these sources at our institute and to look for trends in our urban population.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of patients who attended the Kresge Eye Institute in Detroit, MI between 2003 to 2018 was performed. Patient list was identified from our EMR using the diagnoses codes related endophthalmitis. Information gathered included demographics, type of tissue/fluid cultured, the presumed source of …

Management Of Childhood Migraine By Headache Specialist Versus Non-Headache Specialists, Kelly Valentini, Radhika Gutta, Gunjanpreet Kaur, Ahmad Farooqi, Lalitha Sivaswamy

Medical Student Research Symposium

This study aims to compare the management practices of a headache specialist with non-headache specialists in the treatment of pediatric migraine. The use of appropriate rescue medications and prophylactic agents, application of neuro-imaging, and short-term outcomes are compared in children treated by the two groups of physicians. A retrospective cohort study was conducted utilizing the electronic medical records of children 3-18 years of age with migraine, who were evaluated at a tertiary care children’s hospital from 2016-2018. Of the 849 patients that met the study criteria, 469 were classified as having chronic migraine or high-frequency episodic migraine and were followed …

Comparison Of Pre- And Post-Operative Shoulder Muscle Emg Profiles In Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Patients, Emily Lau, Sreten Franovic, Noah Kuhlmann, Eric C. Makhni Md, Stephanie Muh Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background: Deltoid muscle function is central in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) function; however, there is limited information available regarding changes in deltoid activity before and after surgery. Few tests exist to evaluate specific muscle metrics pre and post operatively. Surface Electromyographic (EMG) is non-invasive and allows for observation of motions with multifaceted analysis of movement with minimal patient demand. Understanding the changes in shoulder muscle activation, namely in the deltoid, in patients pre and post-RTSA can further advance understanding of the procedure and rehabilitation efforts.

Methods: Nine individuals were recruited for this study: all patients underwent RTSA by a …

Recommendation For The Enrollment Of Hydrocephalus Patients In Children's Special Health Care Services, Jacob Gluski, Paul Zajciw, Prashant Hariharan, Carolyn Harris

Medical Student Research Symposium

Recommendation for the Enrollment of Hydrocephalus Patients in Children's Special Health Care Services

Background: Pediatric hydrocephalus is a devastating and costly disease. The mainstay of treatment is surgical shunting of cerebrospinal fluid. These shunts fail at a high rate. The relationship between clinical decision making and shunt failure is poorly understood and multifactorial. Treatment paradigms have changed little since the 1980s. In order to investigate factors that affect outcomes, we have established the Wayne State University shunt biobank.

Methods: Children's Hospital of Michigan is one of the participating centers in our biobank and has enrolled 73 patients from whom we …

A Technology-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention For Foster Youth: Initial Reactions, Michael James Franklin Jr, Jordan Braciszewski

Medical Student Research Symposium

While nearly one in three foster youth smoke daily, there is minimal screening and treatment in this population. Interventions that are accessible and engaging are needed to help reduce this health disparity.

This study tested the feasibility and acceptability of a smoking cessation treatment (iHeLP) delivered via computers and mobile phones among weekly cigarette smokers leaving foster care (ages 18 to 20). After study completion, we interviewed participants from the intervention (n=18) and control (n=17) groups. Interview themes included how participants felt the program worked/did not work, suggested changes, and perceived barriers to quitting. Transcripts were independently coded by two …

Mixed-Lineage Kinase-3 (Mlk3) Plays A Negative Modulatory Role In Insulin Secretion From The Pancreatic Β-Cell, Tyler Russeth, Vijayalakshmi Thamilselvan, Anjaneyulu Kowluru

Medical Student Research Symposium

Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from the pancreatic β-cell in response to elevated levels of glucose is controlled by a variety of signals including intracellular calcium and nucleotides such as cAMP, ATP and GTP. These cellular signals are responsible for activation of specific kinases that mediate phosphorylation of key exocytotic proteins that lead to GSIS. In the context of protein kinases, mixed-lineage kinases (MLKs) have been implicated in an assortment of cellular functions, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, very little is known on potential regulatory roles of MLKs in islet β-cell function, including GSIS. The goal of this study is …

Assessment And Management Of Adult Preoperative Anxiety: A Survey Of The Anesthesiologist Perspective, Arif Musa, Jeffrey C. Wang, Rana Movahedi, David Safani, Christopher Cooke, Syed F. Hussain, Jahan Tajran, Shafi Hamid, Gligor Gucev

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction: Preoperative anxiety often goes unaccounted for in the surgical setting. Given that anesthesiologists are routinely involved in perioperative care, this study was performed to assess anesthesiologists’ views of adult preoperative anxiety assessment and management. Methods: Active members of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) were sent an online questionnaire. Survey items included demographic information in addition to questions about measurement of preoperative anxiety, management of anxiety, and which entities were allocated responsibility to reduce patient anxiety. Data were collected from February to March 2019. Results: Of 3,661 respondents, most asked their patients about preoperative anxiety (n=2332, …

Medical Students Using Cadavers For Procedural Simulation Education, Rosa Moore Md, Paul Walker Phd, Bryant Hansen Bs, Brian Reed Bs, Nana Ama Baffoe Msc, Sarkis Kouyoumjian Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background: Cadaver dissection remains integrated into the curriculum of numerous medical schools. Aspiring physicians acquire the opportunity to work directly with the human body, which is intricate and tangible, yet have minimal exposure to certain procedural skills applicable­­ to patient care during the first year of their medical training. Our aim was to incorporate the cadaver as part of a process to introduce procedures to a class of first year medical students in order to improve their confidence and skill in performing these procedures in patients.

Methods: During medical gross anatomy at Wayne State University School of Medicine, three workshops …

Ultrasound-Guided Out-Of-Plane (Oop) Adductor Canal Continuous Catheter Placement Compared To In-Plane (Ip) Placement In Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Single Blinded, Pilot Clinical Trial, Sandeep H. Krishnan M.D., Carter Batista M.D, Samir Patel M.D., Farhad Ghoddoussi Phd, Kaveh Nabavigahadi M.D., Brendan Lynch B.S.

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background: Adductor canal continuous catheters (ACCCs) have largely replaced femoral nerve continuous catheters for providing analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. Both have similar analgesic efficacy, but ACCCs preserve quadricep strength and facilitate patient mobility more quickly. We hypothesized that placing the ACCC using an out of-plane (OOP) technique would decrease pain scores and opioid use due to parallel alignment with the saphenous nerve when compared to the in-plane (IP) technique. Methods: Sixty-nine patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were randomized to either the IP or OOP technique for ultrasound-guided ACCC. The primary outcomes of the investigation were hospital length of stay, …

Inflammatory Markers In Bicuspid Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, Molly N. Pantelic, Paul Nona, Dee Dee Wang

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background

Aortic stenosis (AS) has a prevalence of 2%. Valve replacement is the definitive treatment for AS, with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) offering a minimally invasive alternative to surgery.

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiac abnormality. BAV patients are predisposed to AS, and comprise a distinct, younger TAVR patient population. Given limited prior work on inflammatory markers for TAVR risk assessment, this study sought to investigate if white blood cell count (WBC) correlates with BAV TAVR patient severity and post-TAVR outcomes.

Methods

A single-center retrospective analysis was performed on patients with BAV who underwent TAVR …

Effect Of Socioeconomic Status And Comorbidities On Thyroid Cancer Survival Outcomes, Daniel Quan, Andrea Plawecki Md, Ayaka Iwata Md, Meredith Van Harn Ms, Amy Williams Phd, Steven Chang Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

Purpose/Objectives: Thyroid cancer ranks among the most common head and neck malignancies and makes up 3% of new cancer cases per year, having increased in overall incidence in the last several decades. This study investigates patient characteristics, socioeconomic status (SES), and medical comorbidities as independent predictors of survival in patients with thyroid cancer, treated at a tertiary care hospital with a diverse, primarily low SES patient population.

Materials/Methods: The Henry Ford Health System’s Virtual Data Warehouse Tumor Registry was used to identify patients with thyroid cancers from 1997 to 2016. Socioeconomic data was obtained from 2010 US Census. Comorbidities were …

Atrx Loss In Pediatric Glioma Results In Epigenetic Dysregulation Of G2/M Checkpoint Maintenance And Sensitivity To Atm Inhibition, Brendan Mullan, Tingting Qin, Ruby Siada, Carla Danussi, Jacqueline Brosnan-Cashman, Drew Pratt, Taylor Garcia, Viveka Nand Yadav, Xinyi Zhao, Meredith Morgan, Sriram Venneti, Alan Meeker, Alnawaz Rehemtulla, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro, Carl Koschmann

Medical Student Research Symposium

ATRX is a histone chaperone protein recurrently mutated in pediatric glioma. The mechanism which mediates the proliferative advantage of ATRX loss in pediatric glioma remains unexplained. Recent data revealed a distinct pattern of DNA binding sites of the ATRX protein using ChIP-seq in mouse neuronal precursor cells (mNPCs). Using the ATRX peaks identified in p53^-/- mNPCs, we confirmed that ATRX binding sites were significantly enriched in gene promoters (p < 0.0001) and CpG islands (p < 0.0001) compared with random regions. Gene set enrichment (GSE) analysis identified that cell cycle and regulation of cell cycle were among the most significantly enriched gene sets (p=2.52e-16 and 1.61e-9, respectively). We found that ATRX loss resulted in dysfunction of G2/M checkpoint maintenance: (1) ATRX-deficient pediatric glioblastoma (GBM) cells exhibited a seven-fold increase in mitotic index at 16 hours after sub-lethal radiation, and (2) murine GBM cells with ATRX knockdown demonstrated impaired pChk1 signaling on western blot at multiple time points after radiation compared to controls (p=0.0187). Notably, the ATM signaling (pChk2) remained intact in those cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic target. ATRX-deficient mouse cells were uniquely sensitive to ATM inhibitors at 1 uM alongside 8 Gy radiation compared to controls with intact ATRX (AZD0156: p=0.0027 and AZD01390: p=0.0436). Mice intra-cranially implanted with ATRX-deficient GBM cells showed improved survival (n=10, p=0.0018) when treated with AZD0156 combined with radiation. Our findings suggest that ATRX loss in glioma results in unique sensitivity to ATM inhibition via epigenetic dysregulation of G2/M checkpoint maintenance.

Induction Immunosuppression With Thymoglobulin May Improve Graft Outcomes Without Increasing A Risk For Infection In Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation Alone, Matthew Henry

Medical Student Research Symposium

*Purpose: Immunosuppression protocol for liver transplant (LT) varies between institutions and roles of induction immunosuppression in LT remain controversial. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of primary LT patients based on the induction immunosuppression regimens, including thymoglobulin (rATG), basiliximab, and steroids. *Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical charts of 166 patients who underwent LT alone from 2017 through 2018 at a single institution. Patients were divided into three groups based on the type of induction immunosuppression utilized, and the outcomes were compared across groups. Survival was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable Cox regression was performed to identify …

Improving Hearing Screenings With Tele-Otology, Ryan J. Miller, Joshua George-Lopez, Robert S. Hong Md, Phd

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction: The Lions Hearing Center of Michigan (LHC-MI) is an assistance program in Detroit that provides hearing aids to individuals in need. LHC-MI has provided thousands of hearing aids, but such efforts have been costly, requiring patients to make multiple appointments at multiple locations. To streamline this process, the LHC-MI is piloting a new program, titled “Hear Now! Detroit!”, that uses telemedicine to reach patients at community sites.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of a hearing screening program that uses telemedicine to reduce the number of visits required to acquire hearing aids.

Methods: Teams of community volunteers were deployed to …

Enhanced Neuroprotective Effects By Inter-Ischemia Hypothermia In Cerebral Stroke, Hangil Lee, Yun Han, Xiaokun Geng, Fengwu Li, Yuchuan Ding

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background and Purpose. Studies have shown that inter-ischemia hypothermia is able to reduce the size of myocardial infarctions and improve their clinical outcomes. The present study determined whether inter-ischemia hypothermia induced by pharmacological approach induced stronger neuroprotection in ischemic brains.

Methods. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied in 4 groups: (1) sham; (2) stroke; (3) stroke treated with pharmacological hypothermia before reperfusion (inter-ischemia hypothermia); and (4) stroke treated with pharmacological hypothermia after reperfusion is initiated (inter-reperfusion hypothermia). The combination of chlorpromazine and promethazine with dihydrocapsaicin was used to induce hypothermia. To compare the neuroprotective effects of drug-induced hypothermia between the …

Renal Safety And Racial Disparity In Patients On Antiviral Treatment For Chronic Hepatitis B, Matthew Miller, Sindhuri Benjaram, Raya Kutaimy, Paul Naylor, Elizabeth May, Murray Ehrinpreis, Milton Mutchnick

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background:

Many African Americans (AA) are chronically infected with Hepatitis B (HBV). While antiviral therapy is highly effective, clinical trials suggest a treatment-related decline in kidney function is possible. Given that chronic HBV predominately affects Asians worldwide, most studies have contained few AA patients. We evaluated these treatment-related kidney function changes in our predominately AA patient population.

Methods:

From 225 HBV patients, we identified 42 patients who were not co-infected with HIV or HCV, had a recent visit, and at least one earlier visit (before Jan 2017). If on treatment with antivirals it must have been for at least 2 …