Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Mechanisms Of Therapeutic Resistance In Prostate Cancer, Mary Nakazawa, Channing Paller, Natasha Kyprianou

Urology Faculty Publications

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the USA. The challenge in managing castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) stems not from the lack of therapeutic options but from the limited duration of clinical and survival benefit offered by treatments in this setting due to primary and acquired resistance. The remarkable molecular heterogeneity and tumor adaptability in advanced prostate cancer necessitate optimization of such treatment strategies. While the future of CRPC management will involve newer targeted therapies in deliberately biomarker-selected patients, interventions using current approaches may exhibit improved clinical benefit if employed in the context of optimal sequencing …

Gait Changes In A Line Of Mice Artificially Selected For Longer Limbs, Leah M. Sparrow, Emily Pellattt, Sabrina S. Yu, David A. Raichlen, Herman Pontzer, Campbell Rolian

Publications and Research

In legged terrestrial locomotion, the duration of stance phase, i.e., when limbs are in contact with the substrate, is positively correlated with limb length, and negatively correlated with the metabolic cost of transport. These relationships are well documented at the interspecific level, across a broad range of body sizes and travel speeds. However, such relationships are harder to evaluate within species (i.e., where natural selection operates), largely for practical reasons, including low population variance in limb length, and the presence of confounding factors such as body mass, or training. Here, we compared spatiotemporal kinematics of gait in Longshanks, a long-legged …

Using A Conformal Water Bolus To Adjust Heating Patterns Of Microwave Waveguide Applicators, Paul R. Stauffer, Dario B. Rodrigues, Randolph Sinahon, Lyndsey Sbarro, Valeria Beckhoff, Mark Hurwitz

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Background: Hyperthermia, i.e., raising tissue temperature to 40-45°C for 60 min, has been demonstrated to increase the effectiveness of radiation and chemotherapy for cancer. Although multi-element conformal heat applicators are under development to provide more adjustable heating of contoured anatomy, to date the most often used applicator to heat superficial disease is the simple microwave waveguide. With only a single power input, the operator must be resourceful to adjust heat treatment to accommodate variable size and shape tumors spreading across contoured anatomy. Methods: We used multiphysics simulation software that couples electromagnetic, thermal and fluid dynamics physics to simulate heating patterns …

Topical Anaesthetics For Pain Control During Repair Of Dermal Laceration., Baraa O. Tayeb, Anthony Eidelman, Cristy L. Eidelman, Ewan D. Mcnicol, Daniel B. Carr

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Topical local anaesthetics provide effective analgesia for patients undergoing numerous superficial procedures, including repair of dermal lacerations. The need for cocaine in topical anaesthetic formulations has been questioned because of concern about adverse effects, thus novel preparations of cocaine-free anaesthetics have been developed. This review was originally published in 2011 and has been updated in 2017.

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether benefits of non-invasive topical anaesthetic application occur at the expense of decreased analgesic efficacy. To compare the efficacy of various single-component or multi-component topical anaesthetic agents for repair of dermal lacerations. To determine the clinical necessity for topical application …

Examining Cervical Cancer Screening Utilization Among African Immigrant Women: A Literature Review, Adebola Adegboyega, Mollie Aleshire, Ana Maria Linares

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Background: Globally, 530,000 women per year are diagnosed with cervical cancer, and approximately 275,000 die from the disease. Routine cervical cancer screening may reduce the burden of cervical cancer morbidity and mortality through early detection and improved treatment outcome. Immigrant women in the United States (U.S.) may be disproportionately affected by cervical cancer; however, there is scarce literature addressing cervical cancer screening in African immigrants (AIs) when compared to other immigrant groups. This systematic review evaluates the state of cervical cancer screening research in AIs and identifies current gaps.

Materials and methods: Through a comprehensive literature search, we identified 16 …

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Georgia Southern Examines Markov Chain Monte-Carlo Methods for Missing Data User Under Ignorability Assumptions
• Georgia Southern Explores Improving the Efficiency of the Monte-Carlo Methods for Missing Using Ranked Simulated Approach

Clinical Observation On Palipeddone Sustained Release Tablet In The Treatment Of Schizophrenia, Dian-Zhang Xiong, Yu-Ru Yuan, Rong Gao, Qing Wang, Wen-Pin Chang

Occupational Therapy Faculty Publications

Objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and adverse drug reactions (ADR) of palipeddone sustained release tablet in the treatment of schizophrenia in outpatients. Outpatients with schizophrenia treated with palipeddone sustained release tablet (observation group)in our hospital from Apr. to Sep. in 2009 were followed up and compared with those treated with risperidone (control group) during the same period. PANSS and TESS were applied to evaluate efficacy and ADR. Results suggest that the cure rates were 42.4% for control group and 49.6% for observation group. The effective rates were 74.8% for control group and 80.3% for observation group …

Evaluation Of Progress Towards The Unaids 90-90-90 Hiv Care Cascade: A Description Of Statistical Methods Used In An Interim Analysis Of The Intervention Communities In The Search Study, Laura Balzer, Joshua Schwab, Mark J. Van Der Laan, Maya L. Petersen

U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

WHO guidelines call for universal antiretroviral treatment, and UNAIDS has set a global target to virally suppress most HIV-positive individuals. Accurate estimates of population-level coverage at each step of the HIV care cascade (testing, treatment, and viral suppression) are needed to assess the effectiveness of "test and treat" strategies implemented to achieve this goal. The data available to inform such estimates, however, are susceptible to informative missingness: the number of HIV-positive individuals in a population is unknown; individuals tested for HIV may not be representative of those whom a testing intervention fails to reach, and HIV-positive individuals with a viral …

Being While Doing: An Inductive Model Of Mindfulness At Work, Christopher Lyddy, Darren J. Good

School of Business Faculty Publications

Mindfulness at work has drawn growing interest as empirical evidence increasingly supports its positive workplace impacts. Yet theory also suggests that mindfulness is a cognitive mode of “Being” that may be incompatible with the cognitive mode of “Doing” that undergirds workplace functioning. Therefore, mindfulness at work has been theorized as “being while doing,” but little is known regarding how people experience these two modes in combination, nor the influences or outcomes of this interaction. Drawing on a sample of 39 semi-structured interviews, this study explores how professionals experience being mindful at work. The relationship between Being and Doing modes demonstrated …

2017 February 21 - Medical Student Education Committee Minutes, Medical Student Education Committee, East Tennessee State University

Medical Student Education Committee Minutes

No abstract provided.

A Joint Quality Improvement And High-Value Care Curriculum In A Limited-Resource Setting, Anne Cioletti, Suzanne Sweidan

E-Learning Modules

Introduction: Since the release of the Institute of Medicine’s To Err Is Human, there has been an increased focus on quality improvement (QI). QI training is now a requirement monitored via ACGME’s clinical learning environment review committees. Given the significant cost of health care waste, teaching physicians to incorporate costs and value into medical decision making is crucial. Increasing information is available on methods to teach high-value care (HVC), but there is little information on combining HVC with QI. As these topics are intimately linked in efforts to provide effective, efficient care, a joint curriculum is a feasible solution.

Methods: …

Inhibition Of Cdk8 Mediator Kinase Suppresses Estrogen Dependent Transcription And The Growth Of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Martina S. Mcdermott, Alexander A. Chumanevich, Chang-Uk Lim, Jiaxin Liang, Mengqian Chen, Serena Altilia, David Oliver, James M. Rae, Michael Shtutman, Hippokratis Kiaris, Balázs Győrffy, Igor Roninson, Eugenia Broude

Faculty Publications

Hormone therapy targeting estrogen receptor (ER) is the principal treatment for ER-positive breast cancers. However, many cancers develop resistance to hormone therapy while retaining ER expression. Identifying new druggable mediators of ER function can help to increase the efficacy of ER-targeting drugs. Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is a Mediator complex-associated transcriptional regulator with oncogenic activities. Expression of CDK8, its paralog CDK19 and their binding partner Cyclin C are negative prognostic markers in breast cancer. Meta-analysis of transcriptome databases revealed an inverse correlation between CDK8 and ERα expression, suggesting that CDK8 could be functionally associated with ER. We have found that …

Environmental Health News, Georgia Southern University

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Georgia Southern Receives $15,000 grant to Study Reference Collection of Borrelia
• Georgia Southern Receives Grant to Study Nanoparticle Levels and Field Evaluation of N-95 Respirator Masks in Construction Sites

Fewer Acute Respiratory Infection Episodes Among Patients Receiving Treatment For Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Herng-Ching Lin, Sudha Xirasagar, Shiu-Dong Chung, Chung-Chien Huang, Ming- Chieh Tsai, Chao-Hung Chen

Faculty Publications

Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) present with comorbid complications with implications for healthcare utilization. To date, little is known about the effects of GERD treatment with a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) on patients’ subsequent healthcare utilization for acute respiratory infections (ARIs). This population-based study compared ARI episodes captured through outpatient visits, one year before and one year after GERD patients received PPI treatment. We used retrospective data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 in Taiwan, comparing 21,486 patients diagnosed with GERD from 2010 to 2012 with 21,486 age-sex matched comparison patients without GERD. Annual ARI episodes represented by ambulatory …

Mintmap: Fast And Exhaustive Profiling Of Nuclear And Mitochondrial Trna Fragments From Short Rna-Seq Data., Phillipe Loher, Aristeidis G. Telonis, Isidore Rigoutsos

Computational Medicine Center Faculty Papers

Transfer RNA fragments (tRFs) are an established class of constitutive regulatory molecules that arise from precursor and mature tRNAs. RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq) has greatly facilitated the study of tRFs. However, the repeat nature of the tRNA templates and the idiosyncrasies of tRNA sequences necessitate the development and use of methodologies that differ markedly from those used to analyze RNA-seq data when studying microRNAs (miRNAs) or messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Here we present MINTmap (for MItochondrial and Nuclear TRF mapping), a method and a software package that was developed specifically for the quick, deterministic and exhaustive identification of tRFs in short …

Readyvax: A New Mobile Vaccine Information App, Robert A. Bednarczyk, Paula M. Frew, Daniel A. Salmon, Ellen Whitney, Saad B. Omer

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Vaccine information of varying quality is available through many different sources. We describe the creation, release and utilization of ReadyVax, a new mobile smartphone app providing access to trustworthy, evidence-based vaccine information for a target audience of healthcare providers, pharmacists, and patients (including parents of children). We describe the information content and technical development of ReadyVax. Between the hard launch of the app on February 12, 2015 and October 8, 2016, the app has been downloaded by 5,142 unique users, with 6,841 total app sessions initiated, comprising a total of 15,491 screen views (2.3 screens/session on average). ReadyVax has been …

Stones, Bones, Groans, Thrones, And Psychiatric Overtones: Systemic Associations Of Sclerochoroidal Calcification., Jordan A Sugarman, Alexzandra M Douglass, Emil Anthony T. Say, Carol L. Shields

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Sclerochoroidal calcification (SCC) is a frequent masquerader of choroidal melanoma with important systemic associations such as hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid adenoma. Herein, we describe a case of a 67-year-old male who presented with an amelanotic choroidal lesion in the right eye (OD) and a history of kidney stones. Ultrasonography showed the lesion to be flat and calcified OD. Incidentally, a subclinical calcified plaque was also found in the fellow eye. Optical coherence tomography showed an elevated suprachoroidal mass in a table mountain configuration OD and flat configuration left eye, consistent with type 4 and type 1 SCC. The patient was referred …

Application Of Coaching And Behavioral Skills Training During A Preschool Practicum With A College Student With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Summer Gunn, Tyra P. Sellers, Benjamin Lignugaris/Kraft

Special Education and Rehabilitation Counseling Faculty Publications

The current study looked at the effects of coaching using behavioral skills training (BST) outlined by Parsons, Rollyson, and Reid (2012). The participant was a young adult with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) enrolled in a preschool practicum course as part of the early childhood special education (ECSE) licensure program at the university that she attended. Impairment in social-pragmatics and executive functioning are associated with ASD, and are critical for engaging in an evaluative and analytic process necessary for success as an ECSE teacher. Coaching, using the BST model paired with observation and immediate feedback in the practicum environment, was used …

Community Health News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Georgia Southern Examines Maternal Caregiver Support for Prevention of Childhood Obesity

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Georgia Southern Recieves Grant to Study Nanoparticle Levels and Field Evaluation of N-95 Respirator Masks in Constructions Sites
• Georgia Southern Receives $15,000 grant to Study Reference Collection of Borrelia
• Georgia Southern Examines Maternal Caregiver Support for Prevention of Childhood Obesity

Nourishing Nycha: Food Policy As A Tool For Improving The Well-Being Of New York City’S Public Housing Residents, Nevin Cohen, Nicholas Freudenberg, Craig Willingham

Publications and Research

This policy brief examines food environments in New York City public housing. It looks at the food public housing residents buy, prepare and eat and the role food plays in the health, environment and economy of the city’s NYCHA population. Our goal is to contribute new insights into how NYCHA can use food policy and programs to improve the well-being of its residents and make New York City healthier, more self-sufficient, safer and more sustainable.

What's Happening: February 20, 2017, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Remodeling Brain Activity By Repetitive Cervicothoracic Transspinal Stimulation After Human Spinal Cord Injury, Lynda M. Murray, Maria Knikou

Publications and Research

Interventions that can produce targeted brain plasticity after human spinal cord injury (SCI) are needed for restoration of impaired movement in these patients. In this study, we tested the effects of repetitive cervicothoracic transspinal stimulation in one person with cervical motor incomplete SCI on cortical and corticospinal excitability, which were assessed via transcranial magnetic stimulation with paired and single pulses, respectively. We found that repetitive cervicothoracic transspinal stimulation potentiated intracortical facilitation in flexor and extensor wrist muscles, recovered intracortical inhibition in the more impaired wrist flexor muscle, increased corticospinal excitability bilaterally, and improved voluntary muscle strength. These effects may have …

Ada News - 02/20/2017, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

The Use Of Vital Statistics Data For Research Of Consequence: Birth Outcomes And Population Health In A Rural Region, Claudia Kozinetz, Shimin Zheng, Eunice Mogusu

ETSU Faculty Works

Objective: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has influenced increasing interests in population health and population health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to exemplify the importance of using existing vital statistics data for understanding and monitoring health outcomes and consequentially health disparities at the population level. Data from birth records for two geographic regions from 2009-2014 were compared; low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery (PD) were used as surrogates for population health outcomes.

Methods: A population-based, multi-year, cross-sectional study design using a pooled dataset of birth records from Tennessee (TN) was the framework for the analyses. …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - February 19, 2017, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the February 19, 2017 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's Newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

USA Neurology to Host Annual Spring Symposium

USA Welcomes Dr. Supatida Tengsupakul

Med School Café- Expert Advice for the Community

Parental Messages About Substance Use In Early Adolescence: Extending A Model Of Drug-Talk Styles, Jonathan Pettigrew, Michelle Miller-Day, Young Ju Shin, Janice L. Krieger, Michael L. Hecht, John W. Graham

Communication Faculty Articles and Research

This study extends a typology of parent-offspring drug talk styles to early adolescents and investigates associations with adolescent substance use. Data come from a self-report survey associated with a school-based, 7th grade drug prevention curriculum. Mixed-methods were used to collect data across four measurement occasions spanning 30 months. Findings highlight frequencies of various drug-talk styles over time (i.e., situated direct, ongoing direct, situated indirect, ongoing indirect, never talked), messages adolescents hear from parents, and comparisons of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use by drug talk style. This study advances understanding of parent-adolescent communication about substances and holds practical implications for drug …

Calcium's Role As Nuanced Modulator Of Cellular Physiology In The Brain, Hilaree N. Frazier, Shaniya Maimaiti, Katie L. Anderson, Lawrence D. Brewer, John C. Gant, Nada M. Porter, Olivier Thibault

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Neuroscientists studying normal brain aging, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases have focused considerable effort on carefully characterizing intracellular perturbations in calcium dynamics or levels. At the cellular level, calcium is known for controlling life and death and orchestrating most events in between. For many years, intracellular calcium has been recognized as an essential ion associated with nearly all cellular functions from cell growth to degeneration. Often the emphasis is on the negative impact of calcium dysregulation and the typical worse-case-scenario leading inevitably to cell death. However, even high amplitude calcium transients, when executed acutely can …

An Investigation Into The Disparities Of Men's And Women's Collegiate Basketball, Natalie Haithcox

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the Caudill College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Natalie Haithcox on February 17, 2017.

Hendra Virus Fusion Protein Transmembrane Domain Contributes To Pre-Fusion Protein Stability, Stacy Webb, Tamas Nagy, Hunter Moseley, Michael G. Fried, Rebecca Ellis Dutch

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Enveloped viruses utilize fusion (F) proteins studding the surface of the virus to facilitate membrane fusion with a target cell membrane. Fusion of the viral envelope with a cellular membrane is required for release of viral genomic material, so the virus can ultimately reproduce and spread. To drive fusion, the F protein undergoes an irreversible conformational change, transitioning from a metastable pre-fusion conformation to a more thermodynamically stable post-fusion structure. Understanding the elements that control stability of the pre-fusion state and triggering to the post-fusion conformation is important for understanding F protein function. Mutations in F protein transmembrane (TM) domains …