Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Whole-Body Vibration On Center-Of-Mass Movement During Standing In Children And Young Adults, Huaqing Liang, Matthew Beerse, Xiang Ke, Jianhua Wu

Physical Therapy Faculty Research

Whole body vibration (WBV) can affect postural control and muscular activation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the center-of-mass (COM) movement of children and young adults before, during, immediately after, and 5min after 40-s WBV in quiet standing. Fourteen young adults (mean age 24.5 years) and fourteen children (mean age 8.1 years) participated in the study. A full-body 35-marker set was placed on the participants and used to calculate COM. Forty-second standing trials were collected before, during, immediately after, and 5min after WBV with an frequency of 28Hz and an amplitude of <1mm. Two visual conditions were provided: eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC). COM variables included time-domain measures (average velocity, range, sway area and fractal dimension), frequency-domain measures (total power and median frequency), and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) scaling exponent in both anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions. Results show that during WBV both children and adults increased average velocity and median frequency, but decreased range and the DFA scaling exponent. Immediately after WBV both groups increased the range, but showed pre-vibration values for most of the COM variables. Comparing to adults, children displayed a higher COM velocity, range, fractal dimension, and total power, but a lower DFA scaling exponent at all phases. The results suggest that both children and adults can quickly adapt their postural control system to WBV and maintain balance during and after vibration. Children display some adult-like postural control during and after WBV; however, their postural development continues into adolescence.

Sleep As An Occupation In College Students: A Mixed Method Study, Charlotte Sally, Savannah Hancock, Rhianna Wallace, Jacqueline M. Bloom

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

Sleep is an emerging area of research and practice for occupational therapists. The purpose of this study was to identify and investigate how college students’ cognitive perceptions and beliefs about sleep affect their quality of sleep. Four college students participated in qualitative interviews investigating their sleep beliefs and attitudes. The students also completed a two-week daily sleep diary to report their sleep beliefs, attitudes, and daily living patterns. Four emerging themes were identified from the interviews: beliefs about sleep patterns related to temporal structure of sleep, stress, daytime performance associated with sleep, and conflicting beliefs about sleep. Daily sleep diaries …

A Review Of The Signal Transduction Pathways Involved In Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Induced In Breast Cancer Metastasis And Their Cross-Talks, Kasey Cervantes '17

Independent Study

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a biological process utilized by epithelial cells to transform into motile mesenchymal cells, initiating metastasis in cancer. EMT is also utilized during development and wound healing [10]. This process allows for cancerous cells to detach themselves from their primary tumor and invade normal tissue in preferred organ sites, forming secondary tumors called metastases. Metastasis is very important in the progression of cancer in patients as it the process responsible for the mortality of patients through the collection of metastases that effect vital organs like the brain, lung, or immune system. The most common metastases for malignant …

Presurgical Language Fmri: Mapping Of Six Critical Regions, Christopher Benjamin, Patricia Walshaw, Kayleigh Hale, William D. Gaillard, +Several Additional Authors

Neurology Faculty Publications

Language mapping is a key goal in neurosurgical planning. fMRI mapping typically proceeds with a focus on Broca's and Wernicke's areas, although multiple other language-critical areas are now well-known. We evaluated whether clinicians could use a novel approach, including clinician-driven individualized thresholding, to reliably identify six language regions, including Broca's Area, Wernicke's Area (inferior, superior), Exner's Area, Supplementary Speech Area, Angular Gyrus, and Basal Temporal Language Area. We studied 22 epilepsy and tumor patients who received Wada and fMRI (age 36.4[12.5]; Wada language left/right/mixed in 18/3/1). fMRI tasks (two × three tasks) were analyzed by two clinical neuropsychologists who flexibly …

The Effects Of Various Therapeutics On Cystine Stone Formation, See Yang

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by the defect of a renal transporter involved in cystine reabsorption. When this transporter is deficient, cystine cannot be broken down and reabsorbed by the body and is excreted via urine in high concentrations. The high levels of cystine present in the urine eventually lead to recurrent cystine urolithiasis due to its inability to solubilize. Despite having various forms of treatments such as thiol pharmaceutical therapies such as tiopronin and urine alkalinizing agents like potassium citrate, only few patients with cystinuria are able to successfully decrease cystine urine concentration. We observed the …

Occupational Therapy In The Intensive Care Unit, Kelsie Colombini, Kristen M. Henderson, Michelle Huie, Courtney Malachowski

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

In recent years, the number of inpatient cardiovascular surgeries has significantly increased in hospitals around America. Occupational therapists in the intensive care unit (ICU) at Mills-Peninsula Medical Center (Burlingame, California) lack a standard protocol for addressing physical, cognitive, and psychosocial factors in patients post cardiac surgery. Furthermore, individuals’ experience and clinical reasoning frequently guides interventions rather than current evidence. The American Occupational Therapy Association’s Centennial Vision encourages occupational therapists to pursue science-driven practices and provide evidence-based interventions. In response to this Vision, an evidence-based clinical pathway was developed for the occupational therapists at Mills-Peninsula Medical Center. The clinical pathway facilitates …

Lymphoid Hematopoiesis And The Role Of B-Cells In Transgenic Mouse Model Of Sickle Cell Disease, Christina Cotte

University Scholar Projects

Sickle cell disease (SCD) has been shown to be associated with decreased baseline immunity and thus increased susceptibility to infection. I sought to discern possible causes of this by looking into the correlations between SCD and hematopoiesis, the immune system and the neuroendocrine system, and ultimately by conducting experiments surrounding the impaired immune system of SCD. These experiments focused on the potential causes and effects of the diminution of B-1a cells in the SCD spleen. Adoptive transfers, infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae, and histologic imaging were conducted to establish if the diminution of the B-1a cells in the SCD spleen …

Hippotherapy Capstone, Autumn O'Hara

Doctor of Occupational Therapy Capstone Projects

Therapists work with many children with many different diagnoses. One of the most prevalent diagnosis is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). According to recent statistics, available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1 in 68 children are diagnosed with ASD; which is a developmental disability that can cause social and behavioral challenges (CDC, 2016). ASD can also be defined as a complex group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in social interaction and verbal and nonverbal communication, as well as restricted, repetitive interests (APA, 2016). Therapist also work with individuals who have other diagnoses and deficits, including but …

Programming Maternal And Child Overweight And Obesity In The Context Of Undernutrition: Current Evidence And Key Considerations For Low- And Middle-Income Countries., Lindsay M Jaacks, Justine Kavle, Abigail Perry, Albertha Nyaku

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

The goals of the present targeted review on maternal and child overweight and obesity were to: (i) understand the current situation in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) with regard to recent trends and context-specific risk factors; and (ii) building off this, identify entry points for leveraging existing undernutrition programmes to address overweight and obesity in LMIC. Trends reveal that overweight and obesity are a growing problem among women and children in LMIC; as in Ghana, Kenya, Niger, Sierra Leone, Tanzania and Zimbabwe, where the prevalence among urban women is approaching 50 %. Four promising entry points were identified: (i) the …

What's Happening: May 1, 2017, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Chat Expression In Chlamydia Muridarum-Infected Female Murine Genital Tract, Hallie Sartain

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent agent of bacterial sexually transmitted infections in the world. However, a profuse number of cases are unreported, as the infection is often asymptomatic. Sequelae such as pelvic inflammatory disease, an increased risk of cervical cancer, premature birth, and perinatal infections in pregnant women can occur. Inflammation occurs in the body in response to infection or injury. Although inflammation can lead to some unwanted secondary effects, such as pain, it serves to return the body to homeostasis by restoring injured tissues and eliminating pathogens. One recently identified connection between the central nervous system and the …

Use Of Music To Reduce Anxiety In Short Wait Periods For Patients Receiving Care In An Urgent Care Clinic, Rebecca Anne Parker

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Abstract

The concept of waiting has received limited attention in the world of research. In modern society, waiting has become a commonplace event, especially in healthcare. Although the waiting experience can produce anxiety, healthcare environments can be easily manipulated in order to increase human comfort and reduce situational anxiety. One such way of accomplishing this is to introduce music to an environment. This paper will discuss the findings related to short wait periods, anxiety, and music within the literature, and the findings within this research study. This study found listener-selected music to be statistically effective in reducing anxiety for patients …

Efficacy Of Therapeutic Listening® Quickshifts In Children With Sensory Processing Difficulties, Shannon Preto, Ann Malloy, Bryant Luong

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

Few empirical studies provide evidence for the effectiveness of Therapeutic Listening - Quickshifts (TL-Q). However, anecdotally, therapists and clients report TL-Q produces consistent positive results as an intervention for children with learning and developmental problems. In this study, the researchers examined the effectiveness of TL-Q intervention for five children with sensory processing difficulties to improve participation and function in (1) self-regulation and arousal, (2) activities of daily living (ADLs), (3) social/emotional skills, and (4) sensorimotor skills. Over the course of an 8-week prospective study, the researchers conducted a pre-test, post-test, prospective case study. During the intervention period, occupational therapist with …

Prognostic Significance Of Idh 1 Mutation In Patients With Glioblastoma Multiforme, Inamullah Khan, Muhammad Waqas, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim

Section of Neurosurgery

Focus of brain tumour research is shifting towards tumour genesis and genetics, and possible development of individualized treatment plans. Genetic analysis shows recurrent mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) gene in most Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells. In this review we evaluated the prognostic significance of IDH 1 mutation on the basis of published evidence. Multiple retrospective clinical analyses correlate the presence of IDH1 mutation in GBM with good prognostic outcomes compared to wild-type IDH1. A systematic review reported similar results. Based on the review of current literature IDH1 mutation is an independent factor for longer overall survival (OS) and progression free …

Psychosocial Challenges Facing Women Living With Hiv During The Perinatal Period In Rural Uganda, Scholastic Ashaba, Angela Kaida, Jessica N. Coleman, Bridget F. Burns, Emma Dunkley, Kasey O'Neil, Jasmine Kastner, Naomi Sanyu, Cecilia Akatukwasa, David R. Bangsberg, Lynn T. Matthews, Christina Psaros

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

The complexities of navigating pregnancy while living with HIV predispose women to additional stress. Finding ways to minimize psychosocial challenges during the perinatal period may maximize the well-being of mothers living with HIV and their children. The goal of this study was to explore psychosocial challenges experienced by women living with HIV (WLWH) during pregnancy and the postpartum.

We conducted individual in-depth interviews with 20 WLWH recruited from an HIV treatment cohort study in Mbarara, Uganda as part of a larger study exploring perinatal depression. We conducted content analyses to identify themes related to challenges of WLWH during pregnancy and …

Mri Analysis Of White Matter Myelin Water Content In Multiple Sclerosis: A Novel Approach Applied To Finding Correlates Of Cortical Thinning, Michael Dayan, Sandra M. Hurtado Rua, Elizabeth Monohan, Kyoko Fujimoto, Sneha Pandya, Eve M. Locastro, Tim Vartanian, Thanh D. Nguyen, Ashish Raj, Susan A. Gauthier

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

A novel lesion-mask free method based on a gamma mixture model was applied to myelin water fraction (MWF) maps to estimate the association between cortical thickness and myelin content, and how it differs between relapsing-remitting (RRMS) and secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) groups (135 and 23 patients, respectively). It was compared to an approach based on lesion masks. The gamma mixture distribution of whole brain, white matter (WM) MWF was characterized with three variables: the mode (most frequent value) m1 of the gamma component shown to relate to lesion, the mode m2 of the component shown to be associated with normal …

Becoming Women Engineers: Dismantled Notions And Distorted Perspectives, Lisa Zagumny, Holly Garrett Anthony, Sally J. Pardue

Journal of Multicultural Affairs

In an investigation of (non-international) undergraduate students’ experiences with their engineering major, we interviewed 10 young women asking questions about their interactions with instructors, academic successes/struggles, and any challenges they felt they had faced as women/girls in engineering. Initial findings echoed those in previous research serving to affirm held notions of interventions that would improve women/girls’ experiences in engineering. In reflecting on the research methods and troubling its design, we realized that we had approached the data with limited perspectives. A new approach to analysis opened up concepts and yielded findings that offer a different course of action for abating …

A Healthy Subject’S Perspective Undergoing Dysphagia Diets, Carmen J. Meyer

Honors Projects

Because there are only a small number of publications that have examined dysphagia from the perspective of people living with this disorder, the primary purpose of this project is to help expand the clinical knowledge base by systematically recording and analyzing the experiences of a healthy subject placed on modified consistency diets. The first component of this project addresses research pertaining to swallowing disorders, diet levels on which clients with swallowing disorders are placed, medical conditions associated with dysphagia, the process that clinicians follow when making decisions about modified diets, and the emotional effects of being placed on a modified …

Muscle Oxidative Phenotype In The Progression Of Cancer-Cachexia, Haley N. Mccarver

Health, Human Performance and Recreation Undergraduate Honors Theses

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death across the world. Cancer-cachexia is a serious complication induced by cancer resulting in whole body muscle wasting and is responsible for up to 40% of cancer related deaths. Underlying mechanisms of cancer-cachexia are not well understood; however, a loss in oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle is apparent in cancer-cachexia. PURPOSE: To examine oxidative phenotype of skeletal muscle in tumor bearing mice during progression of cancer-cachexia. METHODS: Mice were implanted with Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) or sham phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 8 weeks of age. The tumor was allowed to progress …

The Acute Effects Of Caffeine And L-Theanine On Cognition In Older Adults, Lauren Tilley

Health, Human Performance and Recreation Undergraduate Honors Theses

The acute effects of L-theanine and Caffeine on cognition in older adults

Tilley, L., Gray, M., Stone, M., & Binns, A.; Human Performance Lab; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville, AR.

Introduction: Cognitive decline is an impairment that affects many adults and has the potential to be decelerated. Previous studies show that caffeine and L-theanine positively affect cognition in a young population. L-theanine is an amino acid found in tea that produces a relaxation affect. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the acute effects of caffeine and L-theanine on cognition in older adults. Methodology: Fifty-three older adults …

A Multi-Generational Deaf Family: A Case Study On Literacy, Rubecca Sue Wilson

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Literacy is a crucial component of life in our society, and the journey to becoming fluent readers begins before conventional classroom instruction. Literacy rates of adults who are deaf and hard of hearing are consistently in the fourth grade, age nine to ten years, range. In order to help build more skilled readers who are deaf and hard of hearing, it is critical to increase understanding of how deafness affects the development of literacy. This case study was of a family of six with all members' deaf and American Sign Language (ASL) as their first language. The purpose of this …

Factors Impacting A Community Based Poverty Project: An Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of Communication Through A Case Study Approach, Miranda Kay Wickam

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Parental involvement has been related to higher student achievement. While the professional literature provides exemplars of effective communication strategies between home and school, the impact of factors such as cultural and economic diversity and the efficacy of specific approaches remains an important area of inquiry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the various communication strategies used within a community driven development (CDD) project in an economically depressed zone in a metropolitan city in the Midwest. Focus groups, interviews, and a project report were the data points. An a priori coding system of two present themes, opportunities and barriers, …

Effects Of Sleep Deprivation With 110-Minute Rest Period On Postural Control In Young Adults, Whitney L. Hayden

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP) is used by many different professionals as an objective tool to measure different aspects of postural control. For audiologists, CDP is used to assess the vestibular system and its interactions with the somatosensory and visual systems. There is evidence that postural control is negatively affected by sleep deprivation. To date, there is limited knowledge on whether a 110-minute rest period will improve or even restore postural control abilities back to baseline. The present study was designed to further study the effects of sleep deprivation on different aspects of postural control and to examine the effectiveness of …

The Effect Of Rate On Tone Burst Extratympanic Electrocochleography In Adults With Normal Hearing, Alana E. Kennedy

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The recording of electrocochleography (ECochG) to tone burst stimuli with a high rate is hypothesized to provide advantages over standard click ECochG with slow rate. Specifically, the use of tone burst stimuli presented at a high rate may enhance the summating potential (SP) while also reducing neural contributions in the response. To allow for the analysis of the complex ECochG responses to high rates, the Continuous Loop Averaging Deconvolution (CLAD) technique was employed to deconvolve the responses. This study examined the effect of high rate and stimulus duration on the SP amplitude of tone burst extratympanic ECochG in 20 adult …

Pilot Program To Provide Hiv Pep To Sexual Assault Survivors, Ellen Stahlman

Senior Theses

Currently, South Carolina has no standardized guidelines for the prescription and financial obligations for HIV prophylactic treatment post sexual assault. With South Carolina’s high rates of sexual assault and HIV/AIDS, there should be implementation of a program to address these issues. In 2014, South Carolina Office of Victim Assistance (SOVA) contacted the USC Immunology Clinic along with Palmetto Health Richland hospital in order to implement a pilot program in order to provide funding for sexual assault survivors’ treatment preventing HIV. Much communication had to take place in order for all aspects of the process to work efficiently. Emergency departments first …

Mindfulness And Dance: The Effect Of Yoga Practices In College-Aged Dancers, Alison Saum

Senior Theses

Mindfulness is the self-regulation of attention toward conscious awareness of bodily sensations and perceptions (Howell & Marich, 2015). As opposed to other forms of attention training, mindfulness focuses on a non-judgmental monitoring of stimuli and experiences which adopts a curious, open, and accepting attitude (Creswell, Denson, & Schofield, 2015). Mindfulness practitioners develop an ongoing awareness of changes in their internal experiences of sensations, thoughts, and feelings, as well as awareness of external experiences (Daubenmier, Dunn, Farb, Gard, Kerr, Klein, Mehling, Paulus, & Price, 2015). Traditionally, mindfulness involves quietly sitting and observing various experiences without judging or attempting to change the …

Sigma1 Targeting To Suppress Aberrant Androgen Receptor Signaling In Prostate Cancer., Jeffrey D. Thomas, Charles G. Longen, Halley M. Oyer, Nan Chen, Christina M. Maher, Joseph M. Salvino, Blase Kania, Kelsey N. Anderson, William F. Ostrander, Karen E. Knudsen, Felix J. Kim

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Suppression of androgen receptor (AR) activity in prostate cancer by androgen depletion or direct AR antagonist treatment, although initially effective, leads to incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) via compensatory mechanisms including resurgence of AR and AR splice variant (ARV) signaling. Emerging evidence suggests that Sigma1 (also known as sigma-1 receptor) is a unique chaperone or scaffolding protein that contributes to cellular protein homeostasis. We reported previously that some Sigma1-selective small molecules can be used to pharmacologically modulate protein homeostasis pathways. We hypothesized that these Sigma1-mediated responses could be exploited to suppress AR protein levels and activity. Here we demonstrate that …

Contextual Factors And Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Young, Black Men, Jamal Jones, Laura F. Salazar, Richard A. Crosby

Health, Behavior & Society Faculty Publications

Young Black men (YBM), aged 13 to 24 years, face a disproportionate burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). STI acquisition among YBM is due to incorrect and inconsistent condom use and is exacerbated by multiple sexual partners. Sexual and reproductive health is influenced by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social determinants that contribute to increased risk for STI acquisition. However, there are key social determinants of sexual health that play a major role in adolescent sexual risk-taking behaviors: gender norms, environment, peers, and families as well as a desire to impregnate a woman. Associations between contextual factors (risky …

The Acttion-Aps-Aapm Pain Taxonomy (Aaapt) Multidimensional Approach To Classifying Acute Pain Conditions., Michael L Kent, Patrick J Tighe, Inna Belfer, Timothy J Brennan, Stephen Bruehl, Chad M Brummett, Chester C Buckenmaier, Asokumar Buvanendran, Robert I Cohen, Paul Desjardins, David Edwards, Roger Fillingim, Jennifer Gewandter, Debra B Gordon, Robert W Hurley, Henrik Kehlet, John D Loeser, Sean Mackey, Samuel A Mclean, Rosemary Polomano, Siamak Rahman, Srinivasa Raja, Michael Rowbotham, Santhanam Suresh, Bernard Schachtel, Kristin Schreiber, Mark Schumacher, Brett Stacey, Steven P Stanos, Knox Todd, Dennis C Turk, Steven J Weisman, Christopher Wu, Daniel B Carr, Robert H Dworkin, Gregory Terman

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Objective: With the increasing societal awareness of the prevalence and impact of acute pain, there is a need to develop an acute pain classification system that both reflects contemporary mechanistic insights and helps guide future research and treatment. Existing classifications of acute pain conditions are limiting, with a predominant focus on the sensory experience (e.g., pain intensity) and pharmacologic consumption. Consequently, there is a need to more broadly characterize and classify the multidimensional experience of acute pain.

Setting: Consensus report following expert panel involving the Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks (ACTTION), American Pain Society …

Sugar Price Supports And Taxation: A Public Health Policy Paradox, Abby Dilk, Dennis Savaiano

Student Works

Domestic US sugar production has been protected by government policy for the past 82 years, resulting in elevated domestic prices and an estimated annual (2013) $1.4 billion dollar “tax” on consumers. These elevated prices and the simultaneous federal support for domestic corn production have ensured a strong market for high-fructose corn syrup. Americans have dramatically increased their consumption of caloric sweeteners during the same period. Consumption of “empty” calories (ie, foods with low-nutrient/high-caloric density)—sugar and high-fructose corn syrup being the primary sources—is considered by most public health experts to be a key contributing factor to the rise in obesity. There …