Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Chemotherapy-Induced Tissue Injury: An Insight Into The Role Of Extracellular Vesicles-Mediated Oxidative Stress Responses, Chontida Yarana, Daret K. St. Clair

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

The short- and long-term side effects of chemotherapy limit the maximum therapeutic dose and impair quality of life of survivors. Injury to normal tissues, especially chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy, is an unintended outcome that presents devastating health impacts. Approximately half of the drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration for cancer treatment are associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species, and Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of them. Dox undergoes redox cycling by involving its quinone structure in the production of superoxide free radicals, which are thought to be instrumental to the role it plays in cardiomyopathy. Dox-induced protein oxidation changes …

Insights Into How Hias Are Characterized In The Press: Findings From A Media Analysis Of Widely Circulated United States Newspapers, Max Gakh, Courtney Coughenour, Jennifer Pharr, Aaliyah Goodie, Samantha To

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Background: Health impact assessments (HIAs) are burgeoning tools in the policy arena, where media plays an important role by focusing attention on issues, informing the public, and influencing positions. Examining how media portrays HIAs is critical to understanding HIAs in the policy context. Methods: This study considered how widely circulated, U.S. newspapers represent HIAs. After searching newspaper databases, we used a qualitative document analysis method consisting of open and axial coding to examine specific phrases of HIA depictions. Results: In coding over 1,000 unique phrases from the 62 documents generated in our search, we found an uptick in HIA-related publications …

Insights Into How Hias Are Characterized In The Press: Findings From A Media Analysis Of Widely Circulated United States Newspapers, Maxim Gakh Jd, Mph, Courtney Coughenour Phd, Jennifer Pharr Phd, Aaliyah Goodie, Samantha To

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Background: Health impact assessments (HIAs) are burgeoning tools in the policy process, where the media plays a critical role by focusing attention on issues, informing consumers, and influencing positions. Examining how media portrays HIAs is critical to understanding HIAs in the policy context. Methods: This study considered how widely circulated, U.S. newspapers represent HIAs. After searching newspaper databases, we used a qualitative document analysis method consisting of open and axial coding to examine specific phrases of HIA depictions. Results: In coding over 1,000 unique phrases from the 62 documents generated in our search, we found an uptick in HIA-related publications …

Precursor Processes Of Human Self-Initiated Action, Nima Khalighinejad, Aaron Schurger, Andrea Desantis, Leor Zmigrod

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

A gradual buildup of electrical potential over motor areas precedes self-initiated movements. Recently, such “readiness potentials” (RPs) were attributed to stochastic fluctuations in neural activity. We developed a new experimental paradigm that operationalized self-initiated actions as endogenous ‘skip’ responses while waiting for target stimuli in a perceptual decision task. We compared these to a block of trials where participants could not choose when to skip, but were instead instructed to skip. Frequency and timing of motor action were therefore balanced across blocks, so that conditions differed only in how the timing of skip decisions was generated. We reasoned that across-trial …

Hubungan Body Image Dengan Kepercayaan Diri Remaja Putri, Ifdil Ifdil, Amandha Unzilla Denich, Asmidir Ilyas

Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling

This study aims to describe the condition of teenage girl’s self-confidence and body image and to identify the relationship between teenage girl's body image with self confidence. This descriptive and correlation study using 77 teenage girls as sample. Sampling technique used stratified random sampling technique. The research used instrument Zila & Ifdil Kepercayaan Diri Inventori and Zila & Ifdil Body Images Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis technique and correlational analysis. The findings reveal that teenager girl's self confidence is generally in the medium category, teenage girl's body image is generally in the neutral category, and there is a …

Effects Of Once-Weekly Exenatide On Cardiovascular Outcomes In Type 2 Diabetes, Rury R Holman, M Angelyn Bethel, Robert J Mentz, Vivian P Thompson, Yuliya Lokhnygina, John B Buse, Juliana C Chan, Jasmine Choi, Stephanie M Gustavson, Nayyar Iqbal, Aldo P Maggioni, Steven P Marso, Peter Öhman, Neha J Pagidipati, Neil Poulter, Ambady Ramachandran, Bernard Zinman, Adrian F Hernandez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular effects of adding once-weekly treatment with exenatide to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown.

METHODS: We randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes, with or without previous cardiovascular disease, to receive subcutaneous injections of extended-release exenatide at a dose of 2 mg or matching placebo once weekly. The primary composite outcome was the first occurrence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. The coprimary hypotheses were that exenatide, administered once weekly, would be noninferior to placebo with respect to safety and superior to placebo with respect to efficacy.

RESULTS: …

Proactive Protection For Adolescents, The Innocent Victim: Risk And Protective Factors For Pornography, Julie Varner, Kellie Hoch, Michael C. Goates, Carl L. Hanson

Faculty Publications

Several states, including Utah, have declared pornography a public health hazard as use has been equated with sexual violence, normalizing rape, and promoting risky sexual behaviors. Growing access to the internet has led many researchers to explore the effects of internet pornography use on adolescents; however, less has been done to summarize the antecedents. The purpose of this study was to explore the root causes of adolescent pornography use in the context of a well-established prevention framework - the social development model. Findings have implications for creating prevention programming related to adolescent digital pornography use.

Are Patents Really Limited To 20 Years?, Melody Wriz

Oklahoma Journal of Law and Technology

No abstract provided.

Testimony Before The Committees On Education, Health, And Finance And Revenue, Council Of The District Of Columbia. Hearing On: B22-203 "Infant And Toddler Developmental Health Services Act Of 2017" And B22-355 "Bolstering Early Growth And Investment Act Of 2017", Jeff Hild

Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Ptprk Polymorphisms In Association With Risk And Age At Onset Of Alzheimer's Disease, Cancer Risk, And Cholesterol, Yang Chen, Chun Xu, Sam Harirforoosh, Xingguang Luo, Ke-Sheng Wang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The human receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase kappa (PTPRK) gene is highly expressed in human brain and was previously associated with an increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders and cancer. This study investigated the association of 52 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PTPRK with the risk and age at onset (AAO) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 791 AD patients and 782 controls. Our data analysis showed that five SNPs (top SNP rs4895829 with p = 0.0125) were associated with the risk of AD based on a multiple logistic regression (p < 0.05); while six SNPs (top SNP rs1891150 with p = 8.02 × 10−6) were associated with AAO by using a multiple linear regression analysis. Interestingly, rs2326681 was associated with both the risk and AAO of AD (p = 4.65 × 10−2 and 5.18 × 10−3, respectively). In a replication study, the results from family-based association test - generalized estimating equation (GEE) statistics and Wilcoxon test showed that seven SNPs were associated with the risk of AD (top SNP rs11756545 with p = 1.02 × 10−2) and 12 SNPs were associated with the AAO (top SNP rs11966128 with p = 1.39 × 10−4), respectively. One additional sample showed that four SNPs were associated with risk of cancer (top SNP rs1339197 with p = 4.1 × 10−3), 12 SNPs associated with LDL-cholesterol (top SNP rs4544930 with p = 3.47 × 10−3), and eight SNPs associated with total cholesterol (top SNP rs1012049 with p = 6.09 × 10−3). In addition, the AD associated rs4895829 was associated with the gene expression level in the cerebellum (p = 7.3 × 10−5). The present study is the first study providing evidence of several genetic variants within the PTPRK gene associated with the risk and AAO of AD, risk of cancer, LDL and total cholesterol levels.

Simplification Of The Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring System: Retrospective Study Of Two Institutions In The Usa, Enrique Gomez Pomar, Loretta P. Finnegan, Lori Delvin, Henrietta S. Bada, Vanessa A. Concina, Katrina T. Ibonia, Philip M. Westgate

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Objective To develop a simplified Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring System (sFNAS) that will highly correlate with scores ≥ 8 and ≥12 in infants being assessed with the FNAS.

Design, setting and participants This is a retrospective analysis involving 367 patients admitted to two level IV neonatal intensive care units with a total of 40 294 observations. Inclusion criteria included neonates with gestational age ≥ 37 0/7 weeks, who are being assessed for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) using the FNAS. Infants with a gestational age < 37 weeks were excluded.

Methods A linear regression model based on the original FNAS data from one institution was developed …

Brain Encoding Of Saltatory Velocity Through A Pulsed Pneumotactile Array In The Lower Face, Rebecca Custead, Hyuntaek Oh, Yingying Wang, Steven M. Barlow

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Processing dynamic tactile inputs is a primary function of the somatosensory system. Spatial velocity encoding mechanisms by the nervous system are important for skilled movement production and may play a role in recovery of sensorimotor function following neurological insult. Little is known about tactile velocity encoding in mechanosensory trigeminal networks required for speech, suck, mastication, and facial gesture.

High resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the neural substrates of velocity encoding in the human orofacial somatosensory system during unilateral saltatory pneumotactile stimulation of perioral and buccal hairy skin in 20 neurotypical adults. A custom multichannel, scalable …

Cardiac-Specific Inactivation Of Lpp3 In Mice Leads To Myocardial Dysfunction And Heart Failure, Mini Chandra, Diana Escalante-Alcalde, Shenuarin Bhuiyan, Anthony Wayne Orr, Christopher Kevil, Andrew J. Morris, Hyung Nam, Paari Dominic, Kevin J. Mccarthy, Sumitra Miriyala, Manikandan Panchatcharam

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Lipid Phosphate phosphatase 3 (LPP3), encoded by the Plpp3 gene, is an enzyme that dephosphorylates the bioactive lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). To study the role of LPP3 in the myocardium, we generated a cardiac specific Plpp3 deficient mouse strain. Although these mice were viable at birth in contrast to global Plpp3 knockout mice, they showed increased mortality ~ 8 months. LPP3 deficient mice had enlarged hearts with reduced left ventricular performance as seen by echocardiography. Cardiac specific Plpp3 deficient mice had longer ventricular effective refractory periods compared to their Plpp3 littermates. We observed that lack of Lpp3 enhanced cardiomyocyte …

Sex Differences In Rt-Pa Utilization At Hospitals Treating Stroke: The National Inpatient Sample., Amelia K. Boehme, Brendan G. Carr, Scott Eric Kasner, Karen C Albright, Michael J. Kallan, Mitchell S V S.V. Elkind, Charles C. Branas, Michael T. Mullen

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Sex and race disparities in recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) use have been reported. We sought to explore sex and race differences in the utilization of rt-PA at primary stroke centers (PSCs) compared to non-PSCs across the US.

METHODS: Data from the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2004-2010 was utilized to assess sex differences in treatment for ischemic stroke in PSCs compared to non-PSCs.

RESULTS: There were 304,152 hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke between 2004 and 2010 in the analysis: 75,160 (24.7%) patients were evaluated at a PSC. A little over half of the …

Generalized Linear Mixed Model Analysis Of Urban-Rural Differences In Social And Behavioral Factors For Colorectal Cancer Screening, Ke-Sheng Wang, Xuefeng Liu, Muyiwa Ategbole, Xin Xie, Ying Liu, Chun Xu, Changchun Xie, Zhanxin Sha

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Objective: Screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) can reduce disease incidence, morbidity, and mortality. However, few studies have investigated the urban-rural differences in social and behavioral factors influencing CRC screening. The objective of the study was to investigate the potential factors across urban-rural groups on the usage of CRC screening.

Methods: A total of 38,505 adults (aged ≥40 years) were selected from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) data - the latest CHIS data on CRC screening. The weighted generalized linear mixed-model (WGLIMM) was used to deal with this hierarchical structure data. Weighted simple and multiple mixed logistic regression analyses …

Social Determinants Of Health 9/26/17, Joanna Burkhardt

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

A Case Of Rituximab-Induced Necrotizing Fasciitis And A Review Of The Literature., Abdullateef Abdulkareem, Ryan S D'Souza, Anthony Donato, Oluwaseun Shogbesan

Reading Hospital Internal Medicine Residency

Necrotizing fasciitis is a fulminant soft tissue infection characterized by rapid progression and high mortality. Rituximab is a generally well-tolerated immunosuppresive medication used for B-cell malignancies and some rheumatological disorders. We report a case of a 69-year-old male with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who suffered necrotizing fasciitis of his left lower extremity secondary to

Structural Basis For Earp-Mediated Arginine Glycosylation Of Translation Elongation Factor Ef-P, Ralph Krafczyk, Jakub Macošek, Pravin Kumar Ankush Jagtap, Daniel Gast, Swetlana Wunder, Prithiba Mitra, Amit Kumar Jha, Jürgen Rohr, Anja Hoffmann-Röder, Kirsten Jung, Janosch Hennig, Jürgen Lassak

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Glycosylation is a universal strategy to posttranslationally modify proteins. The recently discovered arginine rhamnosylation activates the polyproline-specific bacterial translation elongation factor EF-P. EF-P is rhamnosylated on arginine 32 by the glycosyltransferase EarP. However, the enzymatic mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, we solved the crystal structure of EarP from Pseudomonas putida. The enzyme is composed of two opposing domains with Rossmann folds, thus constituting a B pattern-type glycosyltransferase (GT-B). While dTDP-β-L-rhamnose is located within a highly conserved pocket of the C-domain, EarP recognizes the KOW-like N-domain of EF-P. Based on our data, we propose a structural model for …

Adobe Medicus 2017 5 September-October, Health Sciences Library And Informatics Center

adobe medicus

The bimonthly newsletter published by UNM's Health Sciences Library and Informatics Center, adobe medicus announces new programs, services and activities at the library and at the UNM Health Sciences Center. It also reports on recent activities, events and awards associated with the library and includes articles about services that patrons may not be aware of.

Evaluating The Term ‘Disorders Of Sex Development’: A Multidisciplinary Debate, Natalie Delimata Phd, Margaret Simmonds Phd, Michelle O'Brien Msc, Georgiann Davis Phd, Richard Auchus Md, Phd, Karen Lin-Su Md

Sociology Faculty Research

In 2014, almost 10 years after the 2005 International Consensus Conference on Intersex in Chicago,1 one of the conference co-organisers, under the auspices of a number of international paediatric endocrinology societies, launched the Global DSD Update to assess progress. A consortium of fourteen work groups conducted online/email discussions to explore each of the fourteen key topics, one of which was use of the controversial medical umbrella term ‘Disorders of Sex Development (DSD)’. The initial key question for Work Group 1 (referred to hereafter as WG1) was to reconsider the nomenclature. Nineteen individuals from a variety of professional backgrounds, including medical …

Non-Aggregated Aβ25-35 Upregulates Primary Astrocyte Proliferation In Vitro, Elise C. Ohki, Thomas J. Langan, Kyla R. Rodgers, Richard C. Chou

Dartmouth Scholarship

Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a peptide cleaved from amyloid precursor protein that contributes to the formation of senile plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The relationship between Aβ and astrocyte proliferation in AD remains controversial. Despite pathological findings of increased astrocytic mitosis in AD brains, in vitro studies show an inhibitory effect of Aβ on astrocyte proliferation. In this study, we determined the effect of an active fragment of Aβ (Aβ_25-35) on the cell cycle progression of primary rat astrocytes. We found that Aβ_25-35 (0.3–1.0 μg/ml) enhanced astrocyte proliferation in vitro in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Increased …

Conducting Science In Disasters: Recommendations From The Niehs Working Group For Special Irb Considerations In The Review Of Disaster Related Research., Joan P Packenham, Richard T Rosselli, Steve K Ramsey, Holly A Taylor, Alice Fothergill, Julia Slutsman, Aubrey Miller

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Research involving human subjects after public health emergencies and disasters may pose ethical challenges. These challenges may include concerns about the vulnerability of prospective disaster research participants, increased research burden among disaster survivors approached by multiple research teams, and potentially reduced standards in the ethical review of research by institutional review boards (IRBs) due to the rush to enter the disaster field. The NIEHS Best Practices Working Group for Special IRB Considerations in the Review of Disaster Related Research was formed to identify and address ethical and regulatory challenges associated with the review of disaster research. The working group consists …

When Is A Randomised Controlled Trial Health Equity Relevant? Development And Validation Of A Conceptual Framework., J Jull, M Whitehead, M Petticrew, E Kristjansson, D Gough, J Petkovic, J Volmink, C Weijer, M Taljaard, S Edwards, L Mbuagbaw, R Cookson, J Mcgowan, A Lyddiatt, Y Boyer, L G Cuervo, R Armstrong, H White, M Yoganathan, T Pantoja, B Shea, K Pottie, O Norheim, S Baird, B Robberstad, H Sommerfelt, Y Asada, G Wells, P Tugwell, V Welch

Global Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Randomised controlled trials can provide evidence relevant to assessing the equity impact of an intervention, but such information is often poorly reported. We describe a conceptual framework to identify health equity-relevant randomised trials with the aim of improving the design and reporting of such trials.

METHODS: An interdisciplinary and international research team engaged in an iterative consensus building process to develop and refine the conceptual framework via face-to-face meetings, teleconferences and email correspondence, including findings from a validation exercise whereby two independent reviewers used the emerging framework to classify a sample of randomised trials.

RESULTS: A randomised trial can …

When Is A Randomised Controlled Trial Health Equity Relevant? Development And Validation Of A Conceptual Framework., J Jull, M Whitehead, M Petticrew, E Kristjansson, D Gough, J Petkovic, J Volmink, C Weijer, M Taljaard, S Edwards, L Mbuagbaw, R Cookson, J Mcgowan, A Lyddiatt, Y Boyer, L G Cuervo, R Armstrong, H White, M Yoganathan, T Pantoja, B Shea, K Pottie, O Norheim, S Baird, B Robberstad, H Sommerfelt, Y Asada, G Wells, P Tugwell, V Welch

Global Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Randomised controlled trials can provide evidence relevant to assessing the equity impact of an intervention, but such information is often poorly reported. We describe a conceptual framework to identify health equity-relevant randomised trials with the aim of improving the design and reporting of such trials.

METHODS: An interdisciplinary and international research team engaged in an iterative consensus building process to develop and refine the conceptual framework via face-to-face meetings, teleconferences and email correspondence, including findings from a validation exercise whereby two independent reviewers used the emerging framework to classify a sample of randomised trials.

RESULTS: A randomised trial can …

What's Happening: September 25, 2017, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Self-Reported Borderline Personality Features And Prospective Illness Course In Bipolar Disorder., Georg Riemann, Nadine Weisscher, Robert M Post, Lori Altshuler, Susan Mcelroy, Marc A Frye, Paul E Keck, Gabriele S Leverich, Trisha Suppes, Heinz Grunze, Willem A Nolen, Ralph W Kupka

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

Although bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) share clinical characteristics and frequently co-occur, their interrelationship is controversial. Especially, the differentiation of rapid cycling BD and BPD can be troublesome. This study investigates the relationship between borderline personality features (BPF) and prospective illness course in patients with BD, and explores the effects of current mood state on self-reported BPF profiles.

Methods

The study included 375 patients who participated in the former Stanley Foundation Bipolar Network. All patients met DSM-IV criteria for bipolar-I disorder (n = 294), bipolar-II disorder (n = 72) or bipolar disorder NOS ( …

Age Drives Distortion Of Brain Metabolic, Vascular And Cognitive Functions, And The Gut Microbiome, Jared D. Hoffman, Ishita Parikh, Stefan J. Green, George Chlipala, Robert P. Mohney, Mignon Keaton, Bjoern Bauer, Anika M. S. Hartz, Ai-Ling Lin

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Advancing age is the top risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the contribution of aging processes to AD etiology remains unclear. Emerging evidence shows that reduced brain metabolic and vascular functions occur decades before the onset of cognitive impairments, and these reductions are highly associated with low-grade, chronic inflammation developed in the brain over time. Interestingly, recent findings suggest that the gut microbiota may also play a critical role in modulating immune responses in the brain via the brain-gut axis. In this study, our goal was to identify associations between deleterious changes in …

Association Of Body Shape Index (Absi) With Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors: A Crosssectional Study Of 6081 Caucasian Adults, Simona Bertoli, Alessandro Leone, Nir Y. Krakauer, Giorgio Bedogni, Angelo Vanzulli, Valentino Ippocrates Redaelli, Ramona De Amicis, Laila Vignati, Jesse C. Krakauer, Alberto Battezzati

Publications and Research

A Body Shape Index (ABSI) was specifically developed as a transformation of waist circumference (WC), statistically independent of BMI to better evaluate the relative contribution of WC to central obesity and clinical outcomes. Previous studies have found ABSI is associated with total mortality and cardiovascular events. However, no study has specifically evaluated the joint contribution of ABSI and BMI to cardio-metabolic outcomes (high triglycerides, low HDL, high fasting glucose and high blood pressure). With this aim, we performed a retrospective study on 6081 Caucasian adults. Subjects underwent a medical interview, anthropometric measurements, blood sampling, measurement of blood pressure, and measurement …

In Vitro Evaluation Of Eslicarbazepine Delivery Via Enteral Feeding Tubes, Kristin Reindel, Fang Zhao, Susan Hughes, Vivek S. Dave

Doctoral External Publications

Purpose: The feasibility of preparing an eslicarbazepine acetate suspension using Aptiom tablets for administration via enteral feeding tubes was evaluated. Methods: Eslicarbazepine acetate suspension (40 mg/mL) was prepared using Aptiom tablets after optimizing the tablet crushing methods and the vehicle composition. A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to monitor the eslicarbazepine stability in the prepared suspension. Three enteric feeding tubes of various composition and dimensions were evaluated for the delivery of the suspensions. The suspension was evaluated for the physical and chemical stability for 48 hours. Results: The reproducibility and consistency of particle size reduction was found …

Patient Centered Family Planning Care, Lauren Thaxton

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

The Institute of Medicine defines six important domains of health care quality: safety, efficacy, timeliness, efficiency, equitable delivery and patient-centeredness. Quality family planning care aims to provide individuals with the tools needed to engage in healthy and satisfying sex lives while planning and spacing pregnancies to achieve desired family size. The field of family planning strongly relies on the domain of patient-centeredness as individual values and preferences guide clinical care. Yet large gaps in knowledge exist in understanding how to improve patients’ clinical experience. This hybrid thesis posits avenues for improving the quality and patient-centeredness of clinical care.

Quality care …