Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Vocabulary Learning Benefits From Rem After Slow-Wave Sleep., Laura J Batterink, Carmen E Westerberg, Ken A Paller

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Memory reactivation during slow-wave sleep (SWS) influences the consolidation of recently acquired knowledge. This reactivation occurs spontaneously during sleep but can also be triggered by presenting learning-related cues, a technique known as targeted memory reactivation (TMR). Here we examined whether TMR can improve vocabulary learning. Participants learned the meanings of 60 novel words. Auditory cues for half the words were subsequently presented during SWS in an afternoon nap. Memory performance for cued versus uncued words did not differ at the group level but was systematically influenced by REM sleep duration. Participants who obtained relatively greater amounts of REM showed a …

Accumulation Of Non-Numerical Evidence During Nonsymbolic Number Processing In The Brain: An Fmri Study, Tali Leibovich, Daniel Ansari

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Behavioral evidence has shown that when performing a nonsymbolic number comparison task (e.g., deciding which of two dot arrays contains more dots), participants' responses are sensitive to affected by both numerical (e.g., number of items) and non-numerical magnitudes (i.e., area, density, etc.). Thus far it is unclear what brain circuits support this process of accumulating non-numerical variables during nonsymbolic number processing. To investigate this, 21 adult participants were asked to engage in a dot comparison task. To measure the neural correlates of accumulating numerical and non-numerical variables, we manipulated the number of the non-numerical magnitudes that were congruent (correlated with …

Mindful Movement: Evidence In A Primary School Physical Education, Tj Exford, Jessica Platt, Natasha J. Jenkins

LWLC Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

The Future Of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion In Combat Operations., Shane Smith, Rich Hilsden, Andrew Beckett, Vivian Mcalister

Data and Test Instruments

Damage control resuscitation and early thoracotomy have been used to increase survival after severe injury in combat. There has been a renewed interest in resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in both civilian and military medical practices. REBOA may result in visceral and limb ischaemia that could be harmful if use of REBOA is premature or prolonged. The purpose of this paper is to align our experience of combat injuries with the known capability of REBOA to suggest an implementation strategy for the use of REBOA in combat care. It may replace the resuscitative effect of thoracotomy; can …

Moving From Parent "Consultant" To Parent "Collaborator": One Pediatric Research Team's Experience., Doreen Bartlett, Lisa A Chiarello, Tina Hjorngaard, Barbara Sieck Taylor

Physical Therapy Publications

We share our experiences as academic physical therapists and parents of young people with cerebral palsy working together as a research team, describe and critically review how our working relationship has evolved and propose further enhancements to realize our shared vision. This manuscript is informed by a call for “family-centered research,” transcripts of face-to-face meetings held over a period of 11/2 days, the INVOLVE document and our experiences over almost a decade, as well as other related literature. Authentic collaborative research partnerships between academic researchers and parents embodying trust, mutual respect and shared social responsibility take time and effort to …

Understanding Participation Of Children With Cerebral Palsy In Family And Recreational Activities., Mohammed S Alghamdi, Lisa A Chiarello, Robert J Palisano, Sarah W Mccoy

Physical Therapy Publications

AIMS: The primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of age, sex, gross motor, manual ability, and communication functions on the frequency and enjoyment of children's participation in family and recreational activities. The secondary aim was to determine the relationships between motor and communication functions and participation.

METHODS: Participants were 694 children, 1.5-12 years old, with cerebral palsy (CP) and their parents across the US and Canada. Parents rated children's frequency and enjoyment of participation using the Child Engagement in Daily Life measure. Parents and therapists identified children's level of function using Gross Motor Function Classification System …

The Effects Of In-Service Education On Workplace Incivility For Crnas, Tran King

Doctoral Projects

Workplace incivility (WPI) affects many healthcare providers, including Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists. This project was an exploration of the prevalence, nature, and sources of WPI affecting CRNAs. The project’s intervention was an in-service education on WPI for CRNAs. The purposes of the project were to measure the effectiveness of the in-service education in increasing awareness of CRNAs about WPI; and to offer a practice change proposal in terms of a policy against WPI in the anesthesia department.

A Needs Assessment Survey and Demographic Data Information form were distributed from Survey Monkey to participants’ email by way of blind copy. Data …

Student Registered Nurse Anesthetist Simulation Training With The Use Of Cognitive Aids In Malignant Hyperthermia Recognition And Treatment, Daniel Martin

Doctoral Projects

One of the most stressful times in the life of a student registered nurse anesthetist (SRNA) is during the integration of didactic work with that of clinical anesthesia practice (Chipas et al., 2012). One method that has been proven effective in other avenues of student nursing education is the use of procedural simulation labs. These simulation labs allow SRNAs to experience what it is like to be in the operating room setting, while also showing distinct differences within each case, treatment, and the importance to be familiar with all aspects of anesthesia. The purpose of this project was to examine …

Implementation Of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Post Mesenchymal Stem Cell Procedure Secondary To Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease: A Case Report, Sara Daley, Anne H. Boddy

St. Augustine, Fall 2017

The purpose of this case report is to determine if the PNF rolling technique can improve strength, balance, range of motion, lower extremity power, and gait speed in a male pediatric patient with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease post femoral core decompression with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injection.

“Yes I Have Parkinson’S, But I Still Have Low Back Pain”, Logan Rodgers, Anne H. Boddy

St. Augustine, Fall 2017

The purpose of this case report is to describe the efficacy of physical therapy manipulation to the lumbar spine of a Parkinson’s patient suffering from low back pain. Further, this case report seeks to demonstrate the importance of treating musculoskeletal injuries in a neurologically compromised population for the purposes of restoring them to their prior level of activity and participation.

The Kinetic Chain Of Pelvic Pain, Jennifer Flenorl, Anne H. Boddy

St. Augustine, Fall 2017

The purpose of this case study is to examine the effectiveness of traditional pelvic floor rehabilitation and functional activity training in reducing and eliminating pelvic pain in the obese, adolescent female population.

Task-Dependent Cold Stress During Expeditions In Antarctic Environments, Drew M. Morris, June J. Pilcher, Robert B. Powell

Publications

This study seeks to understand the degree of body cooling, cold perception and physical discomfort during Antarctic tour excursions.

Eight experienced expedition leaders across three Antarctic cruise voyages were monitored during occupational tasks: kayaking, snorkelling and zodiac outings. Subjective cold perception and discomfort were recorded using a thermal comfort assessment and skin temperature was recorded using a portable data logger. Indoor cabin temperature and outdoor temperature with wind velocity were used as measures of environmental stress. Physical activity level and clothing insulation were estimated using previous literature.

Tour leaders experienced a 6°C (2°C wind chill) environment for an average of …

Picture This: Using Photo-Research Exhibits As Science Outreach, Eden J.V. Hennessey, Mindi D. Foster, Shohini Ghose

Psychology Faculty Publications

Is a picture worth a thousand words? This paper discusses a unique science outreach initiative–provocative photo-research exhibits on sexism in science.

Gender imbalance in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) is not only a concern from a social justice perspective, but also has negative consequences for scientific innovation and the economy, given that lack of workplace gender diversity is associated with lower revenue and returns. Science outreach (i.e., public outreach by scientists) could be particularly impactful in Waterloo, Ontario – a region known as ‘Canada’s Silicon Valley’ that contributes over $30-billion annually to the global economy. Portraying complex social issues …

Parenting And Adolescents’ Psychological Adjustment: Longitudinal Moderation By Adolescents’ Genetic Sensitivity, April S. Masarik

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

We examined whether adolescents’ genetic sensitivity, measured by a polygenic index score, moderated the longitudinal associations between parenting and adolescents’ psychological adjustment. The sample included 323 mothers, fathers, and adolescents (177 female, 146 male; Time 1 [T1] average age = 12.61 years, SD = 0.54 years; Time 2 [T2] average age = 13.59 years, SD = 0.59 years). Parents’ warmth and hostility were rated by trained, independent observers using videotapes of family discussions. Adolescents reported their symptoms of anxiety, depressed mood, and hostility at T1 and T2. The results from autoregressive linear regression models showed that adolescents’ genetic sensitivity moderated …

Outdoor Leisure Occupation: The Impact Of Women’S Fear Of Violence On Engagement And Enjoyment, Jaclyn Bria, Sophia Kon, Malia Norman, Alina Pulfrey, Zachary Schafer, Heather Miller-Kuhaneck

Occupational Therapy Graduate Publications

Limited research examines the types of outdoor leisure that women like to do and the specific impact of fear for safety on their engagement in and enjoyment of outdoor leisure occupations.

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Abilities Care Approach™ Training, Michelle E. D'Amato, Sophie E. Miller, April Perez, Carmen Joaquin, Louiza Alexandria Villarina

Student Research Posters

Approximately 50% of US nursing home residents have a diagnosis of dementia. Abilities Care Approach® was created by occupational therapists (OTs) to promote quality dementia care for residents in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). Certified nursing assistants (CNAs) are often the primary caregiver for residents with dementia. To ensure carryover of ACA principles, ACE dementia training was targeted towards CNAs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Abilities Care Experts®(ACE) training program which provides CNAs with an occupation-based dementia care approach by focusing on the importance of occupational engagement and knowledge of dementia stages. Results indicated that ACE trained CNAs …

Patients' And Caregivers' Needs, Experiences, Preferences And Research Priorities In Spiritual Care: A Focus Group Study Across Nine Countries., Lucy Ellen Selman, Lisa Jane Brighton, Shane Sinclair, Ikali Karvinen, Richard Egan, Peter Speck, Richard A Powell, Ewa Deskur-Smielecka, Myra Glajchen, Shelly Adler, Christina Puchalski, Joy Hunter, Nancy Gikaara, Jonathon Hope

Medicine Faculty Publications

Background:

Spiritual distress is prevalent in advanced disease, but often neglected, resulting in unnecessary suffering. Evidence to inform spiritual care practices in palliative care is limited.

Aim:

To explore spiritual care needs, experiences, preferences and research priorities in an international sample of patients with life-limiting disease and family caregivers.

Design:

Focus group study.

Setting/participants:

Separate patient and caregiver focus groups were conducted at 11 sites in South Africa, Kenya, South Korea, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Finland and Poland. Discussions were transcribed, translated into English and analysed thematically.

Results:

A total of 74 patients participated: median age …

Virus-Specific T Cells For The Immunocompromised Patient, A. Houghtelin, Catherine M. Bollard

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

While progress has been made in the treatment of both hematologic cancers and solid tumors, chemorefractory or relapsed disease often portends a dismal prognosis, and salvage chemotherapy or radiation expose patients to intolerable toxicities and may not be effective. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant offers the promise of cure for many patients, and while mismatched, unrelated or haploidentical donors are increasingly available, the recipients are at higher risk of severe immunosuppression and immune dysregulation due to graft versus host disease. Viral infections remain a primary cause of severe morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Again, many therapeutic options for viral …

Pertinacity Volume 3 Issue 1, Yuri Hosokawa

Pertinacity

No abstract provided.

Pertinacity Volume 3 Issue 2, Yuri Hosokawa

Pertinacity

No abstract provided.

Medicine + Health Magazine, Fall 2017, George Washington University, School Of Medicine And Health Sciences, Office Of Communications And Marketing

Medicine + Health Magazine

No abstract provided.

The Path Report Volume 1 Issue 2, Pathology Department, New York Medical College

The Path Report

No abstract provided.

Circulating Early- And Mid-Pregnancy Micrornas And Risk Of Gestational Diabetes., Pandora L Wander, Edward J Boyko, Karin Hevner, Viraj J Parikh, Mahlet G Tadesse, Tanya K Sorensen, Michelle A Williams, Daniel A Enquobahrie

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

AIMS: Epigenetic regulators, including microRNAs (miRNAs), are implicated in type 2 diabetes, but evidence linking circulating miRNAs in pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes (GDM) is sparse. Potential modifiers, including pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and offspring sex, are unexamined. We hypothesized that circulating levels of early-mid-pregnancy (range 7-23weeks of gestation) candidate miRNAs are related to subsequent development of GDM. We also hypothesized that miRNA-GDM associations might vary by pre-pregnancy body-mass index (ppBMI) or offspring sex.

METHODS: In a case-control analysis (36GDM cases/80 controls) from the Omega study, a prospective cohort study of pregnancy complications, we measured early-mid-pregnancy plasma levels of 10miRNAs chosen …

Music As A Modality To Improve Function And Participation In Occupational Therapy Services For Individual's With Alzheimer's-Dementia In Skilled Nursing Facilities, Courtney Denson

MOT Student Capstones

Currently, there is little research to support the positive effects on the use of music with individuals suffering from Alzheimer's-Dementia. For individuals with Alzheimer's-Dementia, further research is needed to explore treatment options appropriate for promoting occupational performance, and positive outcomes with participation in occupational therapy services. The following Capstone project will elaborate on an experimental study that identifies the benefits of utilizing a Music As a Modality program for individuals residing in a suburban area skilled nursing facility (SNF) that have the diagnosis of Alzheimer's-Dementia. Research completed throughout this project will help to support the need for use of music …

Occupations As An Outcome Measure In A Clinical Trial: Fragile X Syndrome And Sertraline, Michelle Beckwith, Brina Nguyen, Jennifer Sik, Kenneth Yu, Laura Greiss Hess

Student Research Posters

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual and developmental disability, and a known genetic cause of autism. Individuals with FXS present with deficits in cognition, social skills, behavior, language and sensory processing skills; all of which are commonly assessed through standardized and norm-referenced assessments. However, these outcome measures are sometimes not sensitive to contextually based changes in daily life. Further, there is limited research employing qualitative methods in the FXS literature. The purpose of this research was to examine family perspectives collected via semi-structured interviews as part of a randomized controlled medication trial of sertraline …

Influence Of Pharmaceutical Marketing On Medicare Prescriptions In The District Of Columbia, Susan Wood, Joanna Podrasky, Meghan Mcmonagle, Janani Raveendran, Tyler Bysshe, Alycia Hogenmiller, Adriane Fugh-Berman

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Importance

Gifts from pharmaceutical companies are believed to influence prescribing behavior, but few studies have addressed the association between industry gifts to physicians and drug costs, prescription volume, or preference for generic drugs. Even less research addresses the effect of gifts on the prescribing behavior of nurse practitioners (NPs), physician assistants (PAs), and podiatrists.

Objective

To analyze the association between gifts provided by pharmaceutical companies to individual prescribers in Washington DC and the number of prescriptions, cost of prescriptions, and proportion of branded prescriptions for each prescriber.

Design

Gifts data from the District of Columbia’s (DC) AccessRx program and the …

Pancreaticogastrostomy - An Alternate For Dealing With Pancreatic Remnant After Pancreaticoduodenectomy - Experience From A Tertiary Care Center Of Pakistan, Tabish Chawla, Hassaan Bari, Shahrukh Effendi

Section of General Surgery

Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy has been refined over the years to be a safe operation though the morbidity rate still remains high (30-50%). Pancreatic fistula is the most important cause of mortality following pancreaticoduodenectomy. To prevent it, surgeons have used two anastomotic techniques: pancreaticojejunostomy and pancreaticogastrostomy. Recent studies found that pancreaticogastrostomy is associated with fewer overall complications than pancreaticojejunostomy. This is a retrospective review of patients who underwent Whipple's at Aga Khan University Hospital and had pancreaticogastrostomy as a preferred anastomosis for pancreatic stump. Forty four patients met the inclusion criteria, 27 were male. No patient developed post-operative pancreatic fistula, 13 (31%) …

Development Of A Unifying Target And Consensus Indicators For Global Surgical Systems Strengthening: Proposed By The Global Alliance For Surgery, Obstetric, Trauma, And Anaesthesia Care (The G4 Alliance), Adil H. Haider, John W. Scott, Colin D. Gause, Mira Meheš, Grace Hsiung, Albulena Prelvukaj, Dana Yanocha, Lauren M. Baumann, Faheem Ahmed, Asad Latif

Section of General Surgery

After decades on the margins of primary health care, surgical and anaesthesia care is gaining increasing priority within the global development arena. The 2015 publications of the Disease Control Priorities third edition on Essential Surgery and the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery created a compelling evidenced-based argument for the fundamental role of surgery and anaesthesia within cost-effective health systems strengthening global strategy. The launch of the Global Alliance for Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anaesthesia Care in 2015 has further coordinated efforts to build priority for surgical care and anaesthesia. These combined efforts culminated in the approval of a World Health …

Role Of 5-Ala In Improving Extent Of Tumour Resection In Patients With Glioblastoma Multiforme, Muhammad Waqas, Inamullah Khan, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim

Section of Neurosurgery

Goal of surgery for patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is gross total resection with no new neurological deficits. Surgical resection is often restricted due the difficulty in differentiating the tumour from surrounding normal brain using either naked eye, or standard intra-operative white light microscopy. GBM uptakes orally administered 5-ALA becomes fluorescent when viewed by a special light, and this property has been used to improve intra-operative tumour identification. This technique should therefore allow better extent of tumour resection. The hypothesis has been tested through several studies and even though most studies are of low quality, they strongly favour the use …

Ahrq Series On Complex Intervention Systematic Reviews-Paper 1: An Introduction To A Series Of Articles That Provide Guidance And Tools For Reviews Of Complex Interventions, Jeanne-Marie Guise, Christine Chang, Mary E. Butler, Meera Viswanathan, Peter Tugwell

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

An introduction to a series of articles that provide guidance and tools for reviews of complex interventions