Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Practical Guide And Atlas For The Diagnosis Of Fungal Infections, Afia Zafar, Kauser Jabeen, Joveria Farooqi

Books

Laboratory diagnosis of fungal infections remains challenging in South East Asia as it is a neglected field in most diagnostic centres in the developing world. Initial microscopic examination of clinical specimens for the presence of fungal elements followed by growth and eventual identification of isolates up to genus and species levels are very basic and important services that must be provided by any clinical microbiology laboratory. These services have considerable impact on selection of appropriate antifungal therapy and ultimate reduction in morbidity and mortality. With the realisation of scarcity of this service and expertise in Pakistan, our group decided to …

What Does A Promis T-Score Mean For Physical Function?, Jeff Houck, Zane Wise, Amanda Tamanaha, Judith Baumhauer, Luke Skerjanec, Alexandra Wegner, Chris Dasilva, Michael Bass

Faculty Publications - College of Physical Therapy

Introduction/Purpose: The use of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) continues to expand beyond research to involve standard of care assessments. Although the PROMIS physical function (PF) is normalized to a T-score it is unclear how to interpret and apply this information in the daily care of patients. The T-score is abstract and unanchored to patient abilities impairing its clinical utility when shared with the patient. Patient questions are concrete such as “when will I be able to run again after this procedure?” The purpose of this research was to link PROMIS PF T-scores with physical function activities and provide a visual map …

Reading The Future: Predicting Who Will Benefit From Bunion Surgery, Ashlee Macdonald, Jeff Houck, Judith Baumhauer

Faculty Publications - College of Physical Therapy

Introduction/Purpose: Hallux valgus is a common condition of the foot with 4.4 million patients seeking care yearly for this condition. A previous study suggested specific pre-operative cut-off scores based on Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical function (PF), pain interference (PI), and depression (D) values could predict post-operative outcomes in foot and ankle surgery. Though hallux valgus correction, among other procedures, were identified as one of the most common surgeries in the previous study, specific conditions were not considered separately. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of applying a published comprehensive pre-surgical PROMIS profile …

Comparison Of Patient Reported Outcomes Using Promis In Patients With Shoulder Pain, Benjamin Strong, Raymond James Kennedy, Joseph Christopher Schaffer, Jon Hedgecock, Jeff Houck, Michael D. Maloney, Ilya Voloshin

Faculty Publications - College of Physical Therapy

Objectives: Compare a disease specific questionnaire (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES]) and a multidimensional global health scale (Patient reported outcome measurement system [PROMIS]) across a variety of shoulder conditions

Generalizability And Validation Of Promis Scores To Predict Surgical Success In Foot And Ankle Patients: A Tale Of Two Academic Centers, Judith Baumhauer, Michael Anderson, Charles Saltzman, Man Hung, Florian Nickisch, Alexej Barg, Timothy Beals, Jeff Houck

Faculty Publications - College of Physical Therapy

Introduction/Purpose: Patient-reported outcomes are advancing clinical care by improving patient satisfaction and engagement. A recent publication reported preoperative PROMIS scores to be highly predictive in selecting patients who would and would not benefit from foot and ankle (F/A) surgery. Although this publication used the data from 5 fellowship trained foot and ankle surgeons at one institution, the generalizability to other patient populations and geographic areas is unknown. This validation study assesses the pre-operative PROMIS physical function (PF) and pain interference (PI) t-scores as a predictor of post-operative success from a separate geographic area.

Can Foot Exercises Alter Foot Posture, Strength, And Walking Foot Pressure Patterns In People With Severe Flat Foot?, Jeff Houck, Lacey Seidl, Austin Montgomery, Joshua Keefer, Miranda Walker

Faculty Publications - College of Physical Therapy

Introduction/Purpose: Muscle training muscle control for barefoot running (i.e. doming seated[DS] and standing[DSt]) and post foot and ankle injury (i.e. seated plantar flexion and inversion[SPFI]) are common. Although studies demonstrated improvement in foot posture (validated foot posture index [FPI]) immediately following a 4-week exercise program this was not assessed in people with flatfoot. Also, more rigorous assessment of foot function is lacking (i.e. foot posture, strength, and plantar pressure during walking). There is clearly a need for more rigorous clinical data on the effect of foot exercises. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the immediate effect of …

Clinical Utilization Of Patient Reported Outcome (Promis) Scores For Surgical Reconstruction Of Posterior Tibialis Tendon Dysfunction, Michael Anderson, Jeff Houck, Adolph Flemister, Judith Baumhauer, John Ketz, Benedict Digiovanni, David Ciufo, Irvin Oh

Faculty Publications - College of Physical Therapy

Introduction/Purpose: Previous studies have demonstrated that preoperative Patient Reported Outcome Instrumentation System (PROMIS) scores effectively predict improvement in foot and ankle surgery. Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) and Posterior Tibialis Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD) are a common surgical problem, but it is unclear if the specific thresholds for the physical function (PF), pain interference (PI) and depression published previously for all foot and ankle surgeries apply to a specific diagnosis. Furthermore, the interplay of PROMIS scores and clinical variables has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was: 1) to investigate the change in PROMIS scales and radiographic measurements from …

Intramuscular Route Of Administration Increases Potency In Eliciting Cocaine-Induced Behavioral Sensitization, Beth Ann Rice, Raza Tariq, Chana K. Akins

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background: Cocaine is the number one abused psychostimulant drug that reaches addiction criterion in the US. In animals, repeated administration of cocaine results in behavioral sensitization which is thought to represent adaptations in the mesolimbic dopamine neural circuitry, the reward pathway. Cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization is evident in rodents and quail when cocaine is administered intraperitoneally (IP).

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to investigate dose-dependent and temporal effects of acute and chronic intramuscular (IM) administration of cocaine in male quail.

Method: After habituation to the test chambers, male quail received an IM injection of saline, 3 or 10 …

A New Genus And Species Of Marine Catfishes (Siluriformes; Ariidae) From The Upper Eocene Birket Qarun Formation, Wadi El-Hitan, Egypt, Sanaa E El-Sayed, Mahmoud A Kora, Hesham M Sallam, Kerin M. Claeson, Erik R Seiffert, Mohammed S Antar

PCOM Scholarly Works

Wadi El-Hitan, the UNESCO World Heritage Site, of the Fayum Depression in the northeast part of the Western Desert of Egypt, has produced a remarkable collection of Eocene vertebrates, in particular the fossil whales from which it derives its name. Here we describe a new genus and species of marine catfishes (Siluriformes; Ariidae), Qarmoutus hitanensis, from the base of the upper Eocene Birket Qarun Formation, based on a partial neurocranium including the complete left side, partial right dentary, left suspensorium, two opercles, left pectoral girdle and spine, nuchal plates, first and second dorsal spines, Weberian apparatus and a disassociated series …

Use Of Steroids For Early Stage Ards In Icu Patients, Jasmine Coatie Pharmd, Michael Todt Pharmd, Megan Straub Pharmd

Parkview Pharmacy Department

2017 ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting / Orlando, FL / Poster #10-085

Poster Presentation

Compare outcomes in patients treated with high-dose and low-dose corticosteroids in the early stage of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

Secondary Data Analysis: A Non-Pharmacology Treatment For Individuals Living With Hiv/Aids, Joseph Jean, Carolee Dodge-Francis Ed.D

McNair Poster Presentations

At the end of 2015, 36.7 million people were living with HIV/AIDS world wide (WHO, 2017). Living with this disease puts individuals at increased risk for mental and physical health complications. Opportunistic infections and increased serious mental health conductions are common (NIH, 2016). Advances in antiretroviral therapies have been made to increase life expectancy but often times can adversely affect the individuals quality of life. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is one way to help improve quality of life. One form of CAM, massage therapy may offer benefits to PLWHA in terms of ability to cope with stress.

The Road To Recovery For Bunion Surgery: Data Analytic Plots To Target Patient Progress, Ashlee Macdonald, Jeff Houck, Judith Baumhauer

Faculty Publications - College of Physical Therapy

Introduction/Purpose: Patient reported outcomes (PROs) can provide information on individual patient’s progress throughout a treatment course and additionally, with common surgeries, powerful numbers can be generated to provide data analytic curves to provide a recovery road map for patients and surgeons. Those who deviate negatively from the predicted path may have a complication and early intervention can be initiated. Those who deviate positively have the potential to need less physical therapy, early return to sports or work. Hallux valgus (HV) is a common condition of the foot with 4.4 million patients seeking care yearly and surgery is equally common. The …

Toward Biochemical Conversion Of Lignocellulose On-Farm: Pretreatment And Hydrolysis Of Corn Stover In Situ, Alicia A. Modenbach, Sue E. Nokes, Michael D. Montross, Barbara L. Knutson

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

High-solids lignocellulosic pretreatment using NaOH followed by high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis was evaluated for an on-farm biochemical conversion process. Increasing the solids loadings for these processes has the potential for increasing glucose concentrations and downstream ethanol production; however, sequential processing at high-solids loading similar to an on-farm cellulose conversion system has not been studied. This research quantified the effects of high-solids pretreatment with NaOH and subsequent high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis on cellulose conversion. As expected, conversion efficiency was reduced; however, the highest glucose concentration (40.2 g L^-1), and therefore the highest potential ethanol concentration, resulted from the high-solids combined pretreatment …

Advance Care Planning As A Shared Endeavor: Completion Of Acp Documents In A Multidisciplinary Cancer Program, Melissa A. Clark, Miles Q. Ott, Michelle L. Rogers, Mary C. Politi, Susan C. Miller, Laura Moynihan, Katina Robison, Ashley Stuckey, Don Dizon

Statistical and Data Sciences: Faculty Publications

Objective—We examined the roles of oncology providers in advance care planning (ACP) delivery in the context of a multidisciplinary cancer program.

Methods—Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 200 women with recurrent and/or metastatic breast or gynecologic cancer. Participants were asked to name providers they deemed important in their cancer care and whether they had discussed and/or completed ACP documentation. Evidence of ACP documentation was obtained from chart reviews.

Results—Fifty percent of participants self-reported completing an advance directive (AD) and 48.5% had named a healthcare power of attorney (HPA), 38.5% had completed both, and 39.0% had completed neither document. Among women who …

Management Of Urinoma Formation After Laparoscopic Cryoablation Of Renal Cyst, Shawn X. Li, Lawrence M. Dagrosa, Vernon M. Pais Jr

Dartmouth Scholarship

Aim: To describe the presentation and management of a urinoma developing as a complication of laparoscopic cryoablation of a Bosniak III renal cyst.

Case: A 74-year-old woman presented with acute onset of severe left lower abdominal pain 1 day after a laparoscopic cryoablation of a 3 cm multilobular left cystic renal mass. CT revealed a perinephric fluid collection adjacent to the lower pole of the left kidney with active urinary extravasation seen on retrograde pyelogram, confirming the presence of an urinoma. A retrograde ureteral stent was placed with complete resolution of symptoms and the patient was discharged on the first …

Sex Differences In The Subjective Effects Of Oral Δ9-Thc In Cannabis Users, Jessica S. Fogel, Thomas H. Kelly, Philip M. Westgate, Joshua A. Lile

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Previous studies suggest that there are sex differences in endocannabinoid function and the response to exogenous cannabinoids, though data from clinical studies comparing acute cannabinoid effects in men and women under controlled laboratory conditions are limited. To further explore these potential differences, data from 30 cannabis users (N=18 M, 12 F) who completed previous Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC) discrimination studies were combined for this retrospective analysis. In each study, subjects learned to discriminate between oral Δ⁹-THC and placebo and then received a range of Δ⁹-THC doses (0, 5, 15 and a “high” dose of …

Childhood Drinking And Depressive Symptom Level Predict Harmful Personality Change, Elizabeth N. Riley, Gregory T. Smith

Psychology Faculty Publications

Personality traits in children predict numerous life outcomes. Although traits are generally stable, if there is personality change in youth, it could affect subsequent behavior in important ways. We found that the trait of urgency, the tendency to act impulsively when highly emotional, increases for some youth in early adolescence. This increase can be predicted from the behavior of young children: alcohol consumption and depressive symptom level in elementary school children (fifth grade) predicted increases in urgency 18 months later. Urgency, in turn, predicted increases in a wide range of maladaptive behaviors another 30 months later, at the end of …

Cellular And Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Alcohol-Induced Aggressiveness Of Breast Cancer, Yongchao Wang, Mei Xu, Zun-Ji Ke, Jia Luo

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Breast cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Both Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer. While alcohol exposure may promote the carcinogenesis or onset of breast cancer, it may as well enhance the progression and aggressiveness of existing mammary tumors. Recent progress in this line of research suggests that alcohol exposure is associated with invasive breast cancer and promotes the growth and metastasis of mammary tumors. There are multiple potential mechanisms involved in alcohol-stimulated progression and aggressiveness of breast cancer. Alcohol may increase the mobility …

Bladder Antimuscarinics And Cognitive Decline In Elderly Patients, Daniela Claudia Moga, Erin L. Abner, Qishan Wu, Gregory A. Jicha

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

Introduction: The evidence on the impact of bladder antimuscarinics initiation on cognitive function in older adults is inconsistent.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) on enrollees 65 years and older evaluated the association between antimuscarinic initiation and cognitive decline. We defined decline from baseline (yes/no) for cognitive assessments included in the NACC Uniform Data Set 2.0 battery. New users were matched on year of enrollment and time in the cohort to randomly selected nonusers. Analyses were conducted using inverse probability of treatment weights based on baseline propensity scores.

Results: Our analyses included 698 …

A Comparison Of Sex Differences In Psychotropic Medication Use In Older People With Alzheimer's Disease In The Us And Finland, Daniela C. Moga, Heidi Taipale, Anna-Maija Tolppanen, Antti Tanskanen, Jari Tiihonen, Sirpa Hartikainen, Qishan Wu, Gregory A. Jicha, Danijela Gnjidic

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

Aims—Given the high prevalence of psychotropic medication use in people with dementia and the potential for different prescribing practices in men and women, our study aimed to investigate sex differences in psychotropic medication use in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) living in the US and Finland.

Methods—We used data collected between 2005 and 2011 as part of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) in the US, and Medication use and Alzheimer’s disease (MEDALZ) cohorts in Finland. We evaluated psychotropic medication use (antidepressant, antipsychotic, anxiolytic, sedative, or hypnotic) in participants aged 65 years or older. We employed multivariable …

Association Between School Performance And Body Mass Index, Megan Rajagopal, Alissa Briggs, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship between grade point average and other factors, including: body mass index, exercise habits, and weight perception. Data from School-Based Health Promotion Centers (SBHC) were used for this study. Students in sixth, seventh, and eighth grades were screened at the SBHC for a variety of behaviors and lifestyle characteristics using the Perkins Adolescent Risk Screen (PARS). Data from a total 579 students (281 males and 298 females; 278 sixth graders, 151 seventh graders, and 150 eight graders) were obtained. Of these students, 145 were underweight, with a BMI less than 18.5; …

Swaziland: A Journey Into Culture And Health Care, Claire Hickey

Posters

Describes a global health learning experience with Baylor International Pediatrics AIDS Initiative in Swaziland in 2017.

Sanibonani! A Global Health View Of The Hiv/Aids Epidemic In Swaziland, Angie Schmidt

Posters

Describes a global health learning experience with the Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative in Swaziland.

Management Of Viral Central Nervous System Infections: A Primer For Clinicians, P Brandon Bookstaver, Phillip L. Mohorn, Ansal Shah, Lauren D. Tesh, April M. Quidley, Ravish Kothari, Christopher M. Bland, Sharon Weissman

Faculty Publications

Viruses are a common cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections with many host, agent, and environmental factors influencing the expression of viral diseases. Viruses can be responsible for CNS disease through a variety of mechanisms including direct infection and replication within the CNS resulting in encephalitis, infection limited to the meninges, or immune-related processes such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Common pathogens including herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster, and enterovirus are responsible for the greatest number of cases in immunocompetent hosts. Other herpes viruses (eg, cytomegalovirus, John Cunningham virus) are more common in immunocompromised hosts. Arboviruses such as Japanese encephalitis …

Salient Beliefs And Social Influence On Intentions To Misuse Prescription Opioid Pain Relieving Drugs For Recreational Purposes: An Application Of The Theory Of Planned Behavior, Robert Eugene Davis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of the proposed study was to evaluate the utility of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in predicting intentions to use prescription opioid pain relieving drugs for recreational purposes among a sample of college students, while identifying salient beliefs that underlie recreational use in order to inform future intervention efforts among this population. Methodology: A cross-sectional electronic survey design was used to evaluate the direct measures of TPB constructs, salient beliefs, substance use, and individual characteristics of a random sample of university students. Results: Among our sample (N=776) more than 20% reported lifetime use of prescription opioids …

The Relationship Between Caring For Individuals Diagnosed With Prader-Willi Syndrome And Caregiver Stress, Michael Andrew Vice

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background/Purpose: Chronic stress is related to numerous health risks such as causing an individual to age more rapidly than an individual with less stress (Oliveira, et al., 2010; Bauer, 2009; McEwen, 2002). Other aging problems related to chronic stress are Alzheimer’s disease (Peterson et al., 2007) and premature death (Canizzo et al., 2011). Stress can lead to mental health issues such as depression (Wiegner, 2015; Hammen, 2005) and anxiety (Wiegner et al., 2015). Stress has also been linked to cardiovascular disease (Seldenrijk, 2015), asthma (Rod et al., 2012; Chen & Miller, 2007), obesity (McInnis et al., 2014), diabetes (Salpea, 2010), …

Nucleotide Excision Repair: Impacts Of Environmental Carcinogens And Its Role In Cancer Susceptibility In Appalachian Kentucky, Nathaniel C. Holcomb

Theses and Dissertations--Toxicology and Cancer Biology

Lung cancer is a particularly devastating disease, accounting for the most deaths among all cancer types in the United States. Despite a reduction in the country’s smoking rates, cigarette smoking remains the number one risk factor for lung cancer. Additionally arsenic exposure, which occurs primarily through contaminated drinking water in the U.S., is associated with increased lung cancer incidence. The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway is critical for maintenance of genomic fidelity, removing DNA lesions that could otherwise promote DNA mutations and drive carcinogenesis. Tobacco smoking introduces significant amounts of DNA damage and produces characteristic DNA mutations found in lung …

Respiratory Function And Associated Risk Factors In The Kentucky Women’S Health Registry, Negash Amsalu

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

From the University of Kentucky Women’s Health Registry Database (KWHRD) a total of 1838 women were voluntarily asked to undergo Spirometric respiratory function tests. These women came to the clinic for various reasons. Various independent variables (risk factors) were also recorded for these women. Among these risk factors were: age, BMI, smoking status, asthmatic status, educational status and ethnicity.

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether any of the risk factors had significant impacts on women’s respiratory health. Appropriate categorizations were tabulated for each risk factor so that comparisons would be possible and easier. The motivation of the …

The Effects Of Improved Water And Sanitation Access On Under Five Child Diarrhea In Peru, April Ballard

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Significance: Diseases related to poor or lack of access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene negatively impact health, education, and development worldwide and cause millions of deaths in children each year. Health outcomes associated with lack of access to clean water and sanitation are under-evaluated.

Aim: To assess the effect of improved water and sanitation infrastructure development on child morbidity in Peru by investigating diarrhea in children under five years of age.

Methods: The child, family, and household data from the Peruvian Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) were used to evaluate the association between access to water …

Association Between Cerebrovascular Pathology And Anti-Hypertensive Treatment In Diabetics, Gary Owen

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Background

Dementia is a growing public health concern as the population ages. Vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia behind Alzheimer’s, and is caused by cerebrovascular damage, such as infarcts and hemorrhages. As in systemic cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension are leading risk factors for cerebrovascular pathology. Anti-hypertensive treatment (AHT), therefore, may have a role in preventing cerebrovascular damage.

Methods

A case-control study design was utilized to evaluate any association between AHT during life and cerebrovascular pathology in autopsy in diabetic participants from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Centers (NACC). Pathology outcomes included infarcts of various sizes and …