Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Correlations Between Management Behaviors And Financial Indicators With Fda Compliance Leading To Medicine Shortages, Francisco Gutierrez-Perez

2017 Program & Posters

A series of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) interventions and enforcement actions against pharmaceutical manufacturers in the past 5-6 years led to medicine shortages in the United States.

• The manufacturing shortfalls made essential medicines unavailable for the treatment of patients.

• Manufacturing shortfalls implied that quality management and manufacturing systems were not empowered or adequately staffed to support the critical functions of the pharmaceutical firms.

Working Memory And Language Learning: A Review, Lisa Archibald, Lisa Archibald

Communication Sciences and Disorders Publications

Children with speech, language, and communication needs (SLCN) form a highly heterogeneous group including those with an unexplained delay in language development known as specific language impairment (SLI). There is growing recognition that multiple mechanisms underlie the range of profiles observed in these children. Broadly speaking, both the domain-general executive attentional system known as working memory and domain-specific linguistic processing have been implicated in children with SLI. It has been challenging to tease apart these influences, however, due to the symbiotic relationship between working memory and language learning. For example, working memory limits might constrain the linguistic detail encoded whereas …

Resting State Functional Network Disruptions In A Kainic Acid Model Of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy., Ravnoor Singh Gill, Seyed M Mirsattari, L Stan Leung

Physiology and Pharmacology Publications

We studied the graph topological properties of brain networks derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in a kainic acid induced model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in rats. Functional connectivity was determined by temporal correlation of the resting-state Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) signals between two brain regions during 1.5% and 2% isoflurane, and analyzed as networks in epileptic and control rats. Graph theoretical analysis revealed a significant increase in functional connectivity between brain areas in epileptic than control rats, and the connected brain areas could be categorized as a limbic network and a default mode network (DMN). The …

The Comprehensive Professional Behaviours Development Log, Deb Lucy, Doreen J. Bartlett, Tianna D. B. Deluzio

Physical Therapy Publications

No abstract provided.

Development, Implementation, And Outcomes Of An Acute Care Clinician Scientist Clinical Placement: Case Report., Sarah Wojkowski, Janelle Unger, Magda Mccaughan, Beverley Cole, Michelle E Kho

Physical Therapy Publications

Purpose: This article presents the development, implementation, and outcomes of an innovative clinician scientist (CS) placement for a 2nd-year, entry-level MSc(PT) student at McMaster University. Client Description: All physiotherapy students participating in the third 6-week clinical placement at McMaster University were eligible to apply for one CS placement. A placement description and expectations were developed collaboratively by the clinical site and the MSc(PT) programme before placement matching. Intervention: A shared supervisory model between one acute care physiotherapist and a critical care CS was developed to provide supervision in both clinical and research-related activities during the placement. Measures and Outcomes: The …

Clinician's Commentary On Patterson Et Al., Sue Peters

Physical Therapy Publications

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of School-Based Dental Sealant Programs: An Updated Community Guide Systematic Economic Review, Susan O. Griffin, Shillpa Naavaal, Christina Scherrer, Mona Patel, Sajal Chattopadhyay

Dental Public Health and Policy Publications

Context

A recently updated Community Guide systematic review of the effectiveness of school sealant programs (SSPs) still found strong evidence that SSPs reduced dental caries among schoolchildren. This follow-up systematic review updates SSP cost and benefit information from the original 2002 review.

Evidence acquisition

Using Community Guide economic review methods, the authors searched the literature from January 2000 to November 20, 2014. The final body of evidence included 14 studies—ten from the current search and four with cost information from the 2002 review. Nine studies had information on SSP costs; six on sealant benefit (averted treatment costs and productivity losses); …

“Whatever It Takes To Beat Parkinson’S”: A Controversial Approach For Symptom Relief, Sondra M. Deskins

WRIT: Journal of First-Year Writing

It is known that there is no cure for Parkinson's disease. So, physicians who treat Parkinson's patients must decide what is the best treatment option for the patients symptoms to improve their quality of life. Currently, there are pharmaceutical options for treatment, but they include adverse side effects. What if there were a way to treat patients for the side effects as well as improve the patient's symptoms? The recent commotion around the legalization of marijuana, both recreational and medicinal, has caused interest among patients and physicians. One must decide if the benefits of using marijuana as a form of …

Developing A Peer-To-Peer Mhealth Application To Connect Hispanic Cancer Patients, Jennifer R. Banas, David Victorson, Sandra Gutierrez, Evelyn Cordero, Judy Guitleman, Niina Haas

Health Sciences and Physical Education Faculty Publications

Purpose: Cancer and its treatment can significantly impact health-related quality of life (HRQOL) [29, 4], particularly for Hispanics [8, 17]. Moreover, providers of cancer support for this population may encounter unique challenges. Grounded in social capital theory, this study identified Spanish-speaking, Hispanic breast cancer survivor support needs and preferences for a mHealth intervention. Methods: A user-centered, community-engaged research design was employed, consisting of focus groups made up of constituents from a local Hispanic-serving, cancer support organization. Focus group audio-recordings, translated into English, were coded using a grounded theory analytic approach. First, lead researchers read the complete transcripts to obtain a …

The Adolescent Health Care Broker – Adolescents Interpreting For Family Members And Themselves In Health Care, Jennifer R. Banas, James W. Ball, Lisa C. Wallis, Sarah Gershon

Health Sciences and Physical Education Faculty Publications

Parents with limited English proficiency might rely on their adolescent children to interpret health information. We call this adolescent healthcare brokering. Using a mixed-methods, transformative research approach rooted in grounded theory, we sought to answer these questions: (a) “What is happening? What are people doing?” and (b) “What do these stories indicate? What might they suggest about social justice?” High school students from a community in which 53.4% speak another language at home were invited to participate in a survey and focus groups. Of 238 survey participants, 57.5% (n=137) indicated they assisted with healthcare tasks. When doing so, 81.7% …

Himmelfarb Library Liaison Letter - January 2017, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Himmelfarb Library Liaison Letters

No abstract provided.

Donut Hole Summer 2017, Medicare Donations & Design Committee

Donut Hole Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Donut Hole Fall 2017, Medicare Donations & Design Committee

Donut Hole Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Determination Of Novel Metabolites Of Therapeutic Agents Used In The Treatment Of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Mohammad Alyamani

ETD Archive

Despite an array of improved treatment options over the past decade, prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer mortality for men in the United States. Abiraterone and galeterone are oral steroidal compounds that are used to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Abiraterone blocks 17a-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1), an enzyme required for androgen synthesis. Galeteron inhibits CYP17A1, blocks the androgen receptor (AR), and decreases AR protein levels. Both drugs share the same structure with endogenous androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone, which are substrates for the enzyme, 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3ßHSD). Metabolites of 3ßHSD undergo further metabolism to produce the AR ligand, testosterone …

Patterns Of Vocal Fold Closure In Professional Singers, Carie L. Vokar

ETD Archive

The present study aimed to investigate differences in vocal fold (VF) closure patterns in singers of varying genres with use of videostroboscopy. Three participants were selected to be in groups of different singing genres including classical, musical theatre, and pop/rock. A control group of non-singers were also included. Vocal tasks were assessed through acoustic, subjective, and stroboscopic analysis.

Significant differences were observed between the classical group of singers and the pop/rock group. The VF closure patterns were relatively normal for the classical singers in comparison to the abnormal patterns in pop/rock singers. The musical theatre group had both normal and …

Do Bilingual Speakers Shift Fundamental Frequency Based On Language Acquisition Or Language Dominance?, Nydia Abigail Mendez

ETD Archive

As Spanish-English bilingual speakers continue becoming a growing part of the population in the United States it is essential to investigate their acoustic measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible shift in fundamental frequency (F0) measures in bilingual speakers, and it sought to determine whether that shift was based on language acquisition or language dominance. Eleven Spanish-English bilinguals were asked to complete the following tasks 1) answer the Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q) 2) complete 3 Spanish and 3 English category fluency trials by naming words belonging to a category (e.g. animals), each one minute …

Identity And Career Experiences Of Muslim Immigrant Women: The United States Context, Basak Kacar Khamush

ETD Archive

Muslim women's sense of self is at stake due to prevailing stigma and oppression toward Muslims. Employment and workplace have emerged as primary settings for encounters of negative bias, prejudice, and discrimination. Muslim immigrant women face multiple disadvantages on the basis of their various intersecting identities. The purpose of this study was to explore identity and career experiences of first generation immigrant Muslim women in American society, particularly in work and career settings. Informed by relational approaches to career development and social identity perspective, and grounded on the constructivist paradigm, a phenomenological qualitative analysis using consensual qualitative research (CQR) was …

Change Detection Of Emotional Information Across The Adult Lifespan, Maria J. Donaldson-Misener

ETD Archive

Visual change detection ability is necessary for successful interaction with the environment, yet few studies have been conducted on change detection with older adults, and whether their use of top-down and bottom-up processing differs from younger adults, especially with emotional processing. Emotions can be motivating and guide the scope of attention using top-down processing and can capture attention in an automatic, bottom-up fashion. Theories of socioemotional aging suggest that younger and older adults may be differentially motivated to process positive and/or negative aspects of the environment, and these tendencies may have implications for age-related trajectories in well-being. Change detection efficacy …

The Utilization Of Eyetracking To Understand Attention Switching In Socially Anxious And Depressed Individuals, Allison E. Griesmer

ETD Archive

Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have demonstrated differences in attention bias processing, leading to a differential processing of the world around them. As such, there is a pressing need to further understand these hypothesized attentional biases to lend to improved therapeutic deliveries. The present study utilized a novel eye-tracking paradigm to understand attentional biases in individuals with disorder-specific symptomology of SAD and MDD. A sample of 103 undergraduates completed measures of social anxiety, depression and a novel eye-tracking paradigm. Results showed that a combination of elevated SAD and MDD symptoms lends to a slower …

Developmental Disabilities And Family Dynamics, Meghan Murray

ETD Archive

Typically developing (TD) siblings of children with an Intellectual or Developmental Disability (IDD) are among those most influenced by their sibling’s diagnosis. Factors such as increased family stress, lack of family communication, and negative sibling perception can play a role in leading to internalizing and externalizing problems from the TD child. A limit to the existing sibling relationship literature is that the relationships in families with a child with IDD have only been collected via self-report measures through which respondents have been found to fake their responses to avoid being perceived in certain ways. Conversely, implicit measures, such as the …

Testing The Impact Of Post-Traumatic Stress On Existential Motivation For Ideological Close- And Open-Mindedness, Lauren M. Kahle

ETD Archive

The present thesis builds on terror management theory and anxiety buffer disruption theory to propose that although existential motivation normally leads people to become more certain of their worldviews, traumatic experiences can disrupt those belief systems and cause people to respond to death-awareness by making an open-minded search for alternative belief systems instead. To test that hypothesis, groups of participants with low and high levels of traumatic stress were reminded of death (vs. a control topic condition), followed by an assessment of closed- and open-mindedness. Thus, the present research explored the previously untested hypothesis that increased awareness of mortality will …

Decline Of Nonverbal Executive Functions Across The Lifespan – Distinguishing Between Outcome And Process, Anna Krivenko

ETD Archive

Numerous studies have attempted to validate nonverbal fluency tests but none have examined construct validity, particularly the correlation of measures and self-reported executive functioning deficits. The current study examined this issue by correlating the results of the Five-Point Test (5PT) and the Delis Kaplan Executive Functioning System (D-KEFS) Design Fluency Test with the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale – Short Form (BDEFS-SF) in 306 English speaking adults. Participants were volunteers from undergraduate classes and those serving jury duty in a large urban city. The mean age was 36.89 ± 18.08 with an average of 14.65 ± 2.85 years of …

Construct Validity For The Poreh Nonverbal Memory Test On Participants With Right, Left, And Bilateral Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Sarah E. Tolfo

ETD Archive

The present study examined the construct validity of a novel nonverbal memory measure, the Poreh Nonverbal Memory Test (PNMT), using a heterogeneous sample of patients with epilepsy. Results from this study shows that the PNMT differentially correlated with existing memory measures. Namely, the PNMT delay scores significantly correlated with ROCF delay scores, and RAVLT delay and ROCF delay scores were significantly correlated with each other. However, the PNMT did not significantly correlate with RAVLT, which was hypothesized. PNMT and RAVLT learning trials produced logarithmic learning curves that indicate both are good measures of learning. When controlling for gender, education, and …

He Repercussions Of Childhood Trauma On Posttraumatic Stress: The Mediating Effects Of Dissociation And Emotion Dysregulation, Jessica A. Ward

ETD Archive

The present study explored the mediating effects of dissociation and emotion dysregulation on the relationship between different types of childhood trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Participants were 181 undergraduate students at Cleveland State University, who competed measures of childhood trauma (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and general trauma), posttraumatic stress symptoms, dissociation, and emotion dysregulation. Multiple mediation analyses were conducted to examine the model proposed in this study. The results of this study revealed that all trauma types significantly predicted adulthood posttraumatic stress. The relationship between emotional abuse and posttraumatic stress was mediated through both dissociation and emotion …

How The Illness Experience Predicts Key Psychosocial Outcomes In Veterans With Brain Injury, Carmen M. Tyler

ETD Archive

The object of this thesis was to examine the illness experience of veterans who have suffered either a stroke or traumatic brain injury. Predictors of key psychosocial outcomes were identified by looking at the illness experience through the veterans’ perspective via self-report measures. Results confirmed relationships between the stressors role captivity, low self-esteem, decreased socialization, and dyad relationship strain and the outcome of depression and between the stressors physical strain and emotional strain and the outcome social/recreational participation for this population. More importantly, role captivity, social/recreational strain, and self-esteem uniquely predicted depression, and both physical and emotional strain uniquely predicted …

Therapeutic Potential Of Rhtrail For Malignant Melanoma, Katherine Ann Turner

ETD Archive

The application of recombinant human Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (rhTRAIL) for the treatment of cancer holds great promise due to its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells while not harming normal healthy cells. This is evident by the robust levels of apoptosis induced in malignant melanoma cells while no event of apoptosis was observed in the non-transformed counterpart of melanomas, melanocytes. However, the clinical utility of rhTRAIL is limited due to the heterogeneity seen in rhTRAIL-sensitivity among cancers. rhTRAIL-resistance is especially prevalent in cases of malignant melanoma. Melanoma rhTRAIL-resistance can be attributed to a number of different …

Title Examination Of Somatic Symptomatology Using The Cleveland Adaptive Personality Inventory And The Dimensional Somatic Questionnaire, Elizabeth Kisela

ETD Archive

This study was designed to assess the reliability and validity of the Cleveland Adaptive Personality Inventory (CAPI) and the Dimensional Somatic Questionnaire (DSQ) on the chronic pain population, depression population, and healthy control population. A total of 178 chronic pain participants, 208 depression participants, and 220 healthy control participants were collected, though not all were used for analysis due to missing data. Each participant was administered an online version of the CAPI with the Dimensional Somatic Questionnaire. Both questionnaires were significantly shortened during or prior to analysis. The questionnaires were shortened to make them more practical for use in the …

Sudan : Malaria, Olivia Jilek

Global Public Health

Sudan faces a great number of public health issues, however one of the most prevalent diseases within the country is Malaria. An estimated nine million cases were reported in 2002, with the total number of deaths at 44,000, in a country that has a population of 37,345,935. The research done on Malaria in Sudan looks at the basic epidemiology of the region, how to identify the disease, and major risks factors present. Other major challenges that Sudan faces are included, as well as suggestions for preventing further illness from the disease.

Israel : Translocation Of Rabies, Sarah Baker

Global Public Health

Israel is now faced with a steady growing public health threat as canine rabies has reemerged in the northern region of Israel. While the steady increase in cases is of notable alarm, moreover the close contact most often shared between dog and human populations is of much more concern from a public health prospective. Rabies is a vaccine-preventable disease. Vaccinating dogs has proven to be the most cost-effective strategy for preventing rabies in people. Additionally, education on bite prevention and rabid animal behaviors for both children and adults is an essential extension of the long term rabies vaccination program that …

Madagascar : Plague In Madagascar, Matthew Donald Hesch

Global Public Health

This public health brief calls attention to a disease issue in the country Madagascar. We show reasons as to why Madagascar has such a problem with the plague and what they should do to solve the issue. Madagascar has many areas that are high poverty because of a political crisis and this results in the easy spread of the plague. We show that Madagascar needs an increase in funds so that they can get out of the political crisis and begin fixing the plague issue. I offer ideas on how Madagascar could use the extra funds to overcome the plague …