Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Anticancer And Antibiotic Leads From Marine Organis, Bin Wang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

During the past three decades, the development of marine natural products as drug leads has become a promising avenue for research. As our efforts towards the discovery of anticancer and antibiotic drug leads from marine organisms, modifications of anticancer drug candidate kahalalide F, isolations of new peptides from the mollusk, Elysia rufescens and anticancer drug leads from the NCI repository, as well as chemical regulation of antibiotic production from marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated. Kahalalide F (KF) is a potent anticancer lead isolated from the herbivorous marine mollusk E. rufescens and its algal diet Bryopsis pennata. Our semisynthesis approach was …

Antimalarials From Plant Pathogenic Fungi, Mallika Kumarihamy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to discover antimalarial compounds from necrotropic plant pathogenic fungi. Various phytotoxins released by necrotropic plant pathogenic fungi may inhibit the plant-like metabolic pathways in the apicoplast, a chloroplast-like organelle, essential for the survival of apicomplexan parasites, such as Plasmodium which cause malaria in humans. This dissertation describes the isolation, characterization, and biological evaluation of secondary metabolites of eight fungal strains. In addition to the antiplasmodial assay, all the extracts were subjected to phytotoxic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic bioassays. Isolation of metabolites was performed by chromatographic methods and identification was carried out by spectroscopic and spectrometric …

Surgical And Anesthetic Managements Of An Adult Patient With A Giant Mediastinal Mass, W Sindhvananda, K. Luengtaviboon

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

A 22-year-old male with a giant anterior mediastinal mass underwent general anesthesia and tumor removal through Clamshell incision. The mass (approximately 4 kg) that occupied the plural cavity with retarded venous drainage of the chest caused the symptoms and signs of SVC obstruction. Due to no sign of upper thoracic airway obstruction, the operation plan was not included CPB standby. Anesthesia in this case was difficult from the beginning. However, it was smoothed out with subsequent intravenous thiopental induction, followed by atracurium and sevoflurane in maintenance of the anesthesia. During the operation, accidental tear of the right atrium occurred; controls …

The Efficacy Of Dermal Extracted - Bone Powder Scaffold On The Healing Of Rat 'S Calvarial Bone Defects, A Hanworawong, T. Bunaprasert

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background : The bone substitute materials are expensive and imported. Objective : This study aimed to study the properties of the human dermalextracted solution mixed with bone powder shaped into scaffold on the healing of rat’s calvarial bone defects which are determined by radiopaque area in computed tomography (CT scan) and new bone formation in histological study. Design : Experimental study. Materials and Methods : Dermal-extracted solution, dermal-extracted solution mixed with bone powder, bovine collagen type I, and bovine collagen type I mixed with bone powder were structured into scaffolds and embedded into 24 female rats, aged between 12 - …

Effects Of Mental Health Promotion Program On Mathayom 5 Students Of Triam Udom Suksa School, S Petkum, N. Pityarstian

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Objective : To study the effect of mental health promotion program on Mathayom 5 students of Triam Udom Suksa School. Design : This is an experimental research: before-after-experimental with one control group that will also receive mental health promotion programs after the completion of the trial. Setting : Mathayom 5 (Grade5) students of Triam Udom Suksa School, Phaya Thai, Bangkok, academic year 2552 (AD 2009). Materials and Methods : This research is aimed to study the effect of mental health promotion program on Mathayom 5 (Grade5) students. Tools used in this study were divided into 3 parts: 1) Questionnaire of …

Low Dose Ct Vs Plain Abdominal Radiography For The Investigation Of The Acute Abdomen, Long K. Nguyen, Daniel D. Wong, Daniel M. Fatovich, Justin M. Yeung, Jennifer Persaud, Christopher J. Wood, David De Vos, Richard M. Mendelson

Physiotherapy Papers and Journal Articles

Background: To compare low-dose abdominal computed tomography (LDCT) with plain abdominal radiography (AR) in the primary investigation of acute abdominal pain to determine if there is a difference in diagnostic yield, the number of additional investigations required and hospital length of stay (LOS).

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was approved by the institutional review board, and informed consent was obtained. Patients presenting to the emergency department with an acute abdomen and who would normally be investigated with AR were randomized to either AR or LDCT. The estimated radiation dose of the LDCT protocol was 2–3 mSv compared to 1.1 mSv …

Aging, Neuromuscular Decline, And The Change In Physiological And Behavioral Complexity Of Upper-Limb Movement Dynamics, S. Morrison, K. M. Newell

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Aging is characterized by a general decline in physiological and behavioral function that has been widely interpreted within the context of the loss of complexity hypothesis. In this paper, we examine the relation between aging, neuromuscular function and physiological-behavioral complexity in the arm-hand effector system, specifically with reference to physiological tremor and isometric force production. Experimental findings reveal that the adaptive behavioral consequences of the aging-related functional decline in neurophysiological processes are less pronounced in simple motor tasks which provides support for the proposition that the motor output is influenced by both extrinsic (e.g., task related) and intrinsic (e.g., coordination, …

Landing Technique Affects Knee Loading And Position During Athletic Tasks, Nelson Cortes, Steven Morrison, Bonnie L. Van Lunen, James A. Onate

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have been reported to occur with the ankle in a dorsiflexed position at initial contact. Few studies have attempted to quantify the biomechanical parameters related with such landing patterns during athletic tasks.

Objectives- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects that two landing techniques have in lower extremity biomechanics while performing two tasks.

Design- Single-group repeated measures design.

Methods- Twenty female soccer athletes from a Division 1 institution performed two landing techniques (forefoot and rearfoot) during two unanticipated tasks (sidestep cutting and pivot). Repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to assess …

Recreational Music-Making In Music Pedagogy: A Manifesto For Change, Brandon Keith Wood

Theses and Dissertations--Music

The arts are an essential part of any student’s well rounded education. The future of music in education will depend on its ability to deliver relevant, effective, and measurable outcomes. However, the expectations and performance nature of traditional curricula often foster a sense of musical elitism and ostracizes students that are solely interested in music as a recreational outlet. Incorporating recreational music-making into education can provide opportunities for students to experience self-expression, creativity, social connection, and enjoyment. These values will not only enhance their education, but also lead to acquired skills for use in all areas of their lives. Activities …

Physicians' Ability To Predict Hospital Length Of Stay For Patients Admitted To The Hospital From The Emergency Department., Gregory Mak, William D Grant, James C Mckenzie, John B Mccabe

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

Accurate predictions of patient length of stay (LOS) in the hospital can effectively manage hospital resources and increase efficiency of patient care. A study was done to assess emergency medicine physicians' ability of predicting the LOS of patients who enter the hospital through the ER. Results indicate that EM physicians are relatively accurate with their pediatric patients than any other age groups. In addition, as actual hospital LOS increases, the prediction accuracy decreases. Possible reasons may be due increasing medical complications associated with increasing age and this may lead to overall longer stays. Other variables such as the admitted service …

Cell Cycle Arrest Associated With Anoxia-Induced Quiescence, Anoxic Preconditioning, And Embryonic Diapause In Embryos Of The Annual Killifish Austrofundulus Limnaeus, Camie Lynn Meller, Robert Meller, Roger P. Simon, Kristin M. Culpepper, Jason E. Podrabsky

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus can enter into dormancy associated with diapause and anoxia-induced quiescence. Dormant embryos are composed primarily of cells arrested in the G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle based on flow cytometry analysis of DNA content. In fact, most cells in developing embryos contain only a diploid complement of DNA, with very few cells found in the S, G2, or M phases of the cell cycle. Diapause II embryos appear to be in a G0-like state with low levels of cyclin D1 and p53. However, the active form of pAKT is high during diapause II. …

Microbubble Mediated Thrombus Dissolution With Diagnostic Ultrasound For The Treatment Of Chronic Venous Thrombi., Shelby Kutty, Juefei Wu, James M. Hammel, Feng Xie, Shunji Gao, Lucas K. Drvol, John Lof, Stanley J. Radio, Stacey L. Therrien, David A. Danford, Thomas R. Porter

Journal Articles: Pediatrics

BACKGROUND: Central venous catheter (CVC) thrombi result in significant morbidity in children, and currently available treatments are associated with significant risk. We sought to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of microbubble (MB) enhanced sonothrombolysis for aged CVC associated thrombi in vivo.

METHODS AND RESULTS: A model of chronic indwelling CVC in the low superior vena cava with thrombus in situ was established after feasibility and safety testing in 7 pigs; and subsequently applied for repeated, sonothrombolytic treatments in 9 pigs (total 24 treatments). Baseline intracardiac echocardiography (ICE, 10.5F, Siemens), fluoroscopy and saline flushing confirmed the absence of any pre-existing CVC thrombus. …

Newborns With Feeding Issues: Parental Perceptions Of The Hospital Discharge, Transition Home And The Role Of Speech Pathology, Katie Louise Ilich

Theses : Honours

This study explored the perceptions of discharge from hospital and the transition home for mothers of newborns with feeding issues. To gain an understanding of their experiences, mothers were interviewed twice, once at discharge and once up to a month later. Participants had a strong desire for their babies to be discharged from hospital, but felt anxious and underprepared. Once home, more questions typically arose. Mothers found this a highly stressful and emotional experience, especially for those without consistent speech pathology involvement. Mothers valued being involved in the decision-making process, and found this an effective coping mechanism. The value of …

The Impact Of Powered Mobility Devices On Occupational Performance : A Systematic Review ; And, The Experience Of Being A Motorised Mobility Scooter User, Ryan Fomiatti

Theses : Honours

The impact of powered mobility devices on occupational performance: A systematic review

Purpose: To systematically review the impact powered mobility devices have on engagement in independent occupations for adults with acquired mobility limitations. Method: The following databases were searched electronically: CINAHL Plus, Medline, PsychInfo, OT Seeker, Joanna Briggs Institute and Physiotherapy Evidence Database. The search terms used a combination of words to encompass all terms which are used for powered mobility. Studies were included if they evaluated adults’ use of a motorised mobility device, and if individuals used a powered mobility device due to acquired mobility limitation. Results: Eleven studies …

Constraint Induced Aphasia Therapy In The Very Early Phase Of Recovery Following Stroke, Sarah D'Souza

Theses : Honours

Background and purpose: Research suggests communication outcomes following stroke may be greater when treatment is administered in the acute phase of recovery. In addition, treatment outcomes are improved when therapy is provided at a greater intensity. Constraint Induced Aphasia Therapy (CIAT) has addressed the issue of treatment intensity by delivering therapy for three hours per weekday for two weeks, but its effectiveness has largely been investigated in the chronic phase of recovery. Treatment outcomes have typically been assessed on standardised tests and few studies have used connected speech and discourse measures to assess change. This research investigated daily intervention in …

Biochemical Markers As Evidence Of The Effects Of Environmental Enrichment On Physiological Processes In Huntington’S Disease Patients, Zarghona Ahmadzai Khan

Theses : Honours

Abstract not available.

Ten Points To Address When Publishing A Manuscript, Angelia Gamer, Angela Morey, Gongchao Yang, Fazlay Faruque

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

The completion of a carefully planned and time consuming research project is a milestone for many researchers; however, the journey does not end there. The next phase involves sharing that knowledge with the scientific community at large. A published manuscript describing the research findings allows others to learn from and expound on that information so that society ultimately benefits. The preparation of a manuscript requires much time and careful consideration. There are many principles to apply in order to make sure that a manuscript is accepted for publication. Authors must maintain their sense of purpose throughout the publication process in …

A Systematic Review Of Sensorimotor Function During Adolescence: A Developmental Stage Of Increased Motor Awkwardness?, Catherine C. Quatman-Yates, Carmen Quatman, Andrew Mezsaros, Mark V. Paterno, Timothy E. Hewett

Faculty Publications - College of Physical Therapy

No abstract provided.

Multimodal Imaging Evidence For Axonal And Myelin Deterioration In Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, Brian T. Gold, Yang Jiang, David K. Powell, Charles D. Smith

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

White matter (WM) microstructural declines have been demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, the pattern of WM microstructural changes in aMCI after controlling for WM atrophy is unknown. Here, we address this issue through joint consideration of aMCI alterations in fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity, as well as macrostructural volume in WM and gray matter compartments. Participants were 18 individuals with aMCI and 24 healthy seniors. Voxelwise analyses of diffusion tensor imaging data was carried out using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and voxelwise analyses of high-resolution structural data was conducted using …

Structural Characterization Of A Conserved, Calcium-Dependent Periplasmic Protease From Legionella Pneumophila, Debashree Chatterjee, Chelsea D. Boyd, George A. O'Toole, Holger Sondermann

Dartmouth Scholarship

The bacterial dinucleotide second messenger c-di-GMP has emerged as a central molecule in regulating bacterial behavior, including motility and biofilm formation. Proteins for the synthesis and degradation of c-di-GMP and effectors for its signal transmission are widely used in the bacterial domain. Previous work established the GGDEF-EAL domain-containing receptor LapD as a central switch in Pseudomonas fluorescens cell adhesion. LapD senses c-di-GMP inside the cytosol and relays this signal to the outside by the differential recruitment of the periplasmic protease LapG. Here we identify the core components of an orthologous system in Legionella pneumophila. Despite only moderate sequence conservation at …

Elderly Onset Of Weakness In Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy, Dominic B. Fee

Neurology Faculty Publications

A 77-year-old male is presented. He had onset of proximal weakness 10 years earlier. His course was slowly progressive. Despite having phenotypic features of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSH), genetic testing for this was delayed because of his age of onset, lack of family history, and benign appearing muscle biopsy. This case is one of the oldest onset of weakness in genetically confirmed FSH and highlights the recognized expansion in phenotype that has occurred since the advent of genetic testing.

Sterol Lipid Metabolism In Down Syndrome Revisited: Down Syndrome Is Associated With A Selective Reduction In Serum Brassicasterol Levels, Gavin Tansley, Daniel T. Holmes, Dieter Lütjohann, Elizabeth Head, Cheryl L. Wellington

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Over the past 15 years, insights into sterol metabolism have improved our understanding of the relationship between lipids and common conditions such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). A better understanding of sterol lipid metabolism in individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) may help elucidate how this population's unique metabolic characteristics influence their risks for atherosclerosis and AD. To revisit the question of whether sterol lipid parameters may be altered in DS subjects, we performed a pilot study to assess traditional serum sterol lipids and lipoproteins, as well as markers of sterol biosynthesis, metabolites, and plant sterols in 20 subjects with …

Aging And Down Syndrome, Elizabeth Head, Wayne Silverman, David Patterson, Ira T. Lott

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Adolescent Pregnancy, Donald E. Greydanus, Marlene B. Huff, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

More than 14 million adolescents in the world annually give birth, and nearly 800,000 adolescents in the United States become pregnant each year. This chapter considers concepts of teen pregnancy including risks to the mother as well as offspring, the adolescent father, issues related to abortion, and concepts of prevention of unwanted pregnancy in youth. Adolescent pregnancy is global phenomenon affecting all societies and cultures.

Menstrual Disorders In The Adolescent Female, Donald E. Greydanus, Shawn Sorrel, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

This chapter reviews basic concepts of menstrual disorders in adolescents beginning with an overview of menstrual physiology followed by consideration of various abnormal menstrual patterns: amenorrhea (primary and secondary), dysfunctional uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea (primary and secondary), and premenstrual syndrome.

The Adolescent Breast, Donald E. Greydanus, Stephanie Stockburger, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The breast is an important organ system for the adolescent female and occasionally for the adolescent male as well. This chapter reviews basic principles of breast concerns and disorders including congenital anomalies, asymmetric breast development, under-developed breasts, virginal hypertrophy, breast masses, mastaglia, galactorrhea, gynecomastia in males, and others. Clinicians should be attuned to issues and concerns for this important structure in adolescents.

Suicide In Prepubertal Children, Kimberly K. Mcclanahan, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Youth And Student Suicide, Kimberly K. Mcclanahan, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Suicidal Behavior And Prevention In Adolescence, Hatim A. Omar, Joav Merrick

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Suicidal behavior in youth is not uncommon and currently one of the leading causes of death in adolescence in many countries around the world. Individual risk factors for suicidality in youth include: psychiatric disorder; certain personality characteristics; genetics; gender; sexual orientation; and previous suicide attempts. Family psychopathology and environmental factors such as media contagion also contribute as risk factors. Developmental issues, including: the establishment of independence and intimate relationships; as well as the pursuit of personal and career goals; may also provide stressors leading to suicidality. Prevention and intervention strategies are considered and include: early detection and treatment of mental …

Adolescence And Contraception, Donald E. Greydanus, Carolyn M. Lentzsch-Parcells, Hatim A. Omar, Colleen B. Dodich

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The age of adolescence is the time when most adolescents in the world become sexually active with resultant millions of pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. This paper considers methods of contraception for these adolescents, including oral contraceptions, transdermal contraception, mini-pills, intravaginal ring, injectable contraception, intrauterine devices, barrier contraceptives, implants, and others. It is important for clinicians caring for sexually active youth to provide information regarding contraception and appropriate contraceptive prescriptions.