Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Genomic Loss Of Tumor Suppressor Mirna-204 Promotes Cancer Cell Migration And Invasion By Activating Akt/Mtor/Rac1 Signaling And Actin Reorganization, Saadi J. Imam, Jason R. Plyler, Hima Bansal, Suresh Prajapati, Sanjay Bansal, Jennifer Rebeles, Jeffrey S. Dome, +12 Additional Authors

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Increasing evidence suggests that chromosomal regions containing microRNAs are functionally important in cancers. Here, we show that genomic loci encoding miR-204 are frequently lost in multiple cancers, including ovarian cancers, pediatric renal tumors, and breast cancers. MiR-204 shows drastically reduced expression in several cancers and acts as a potent tumor suppressor, inhibiting tumor metastasis in vivo when systemically delivered. We demonstrated that miR-204 exerts its function by targeting genes involved in tumorigenesis including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin family member which is known to promote tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness. Analysis of primary tumors shows that increased expression …

Changes In Latitudes, Changes In Attitudes: Fqhcs And Community Clinics In A Reformed Health Care Market, Jessamyn Taylor

National Health Policy Forum

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 and the Supreme Court’s related decision have significantly shifted the health care landscape for safety net providers. Federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) are a mainstay of primary care for the uninsured and those with limited access to care. This paper focuses on the impact of health reform on FQHCs given the significant federal investment in them through grants, Medicaid, and Medicare reimbursement. Where noteworthy, the effect on non-FQHC community clinics is also discussed. The implications of Medicaid coverage expansions (or lack thereof in states that choose not to expand), Medicaid disproportionate …

Current Opinion On Nanotoxicology, Ali Pourmand, Mohammad Abdollahi

Emergency Medicine Faculty Publications

Nanotechnology is one of the premiere technologies available today, having expanded both as field of scientific study and in the public consciousness. Despite this growth, the drawbacks, limitations and potential safety hazards associated with the incorporation of nanotechnology into existing industries are still being learned. The noticeable point is that there is no enough data available yet to analyze global use of nanotechnology from a meta-perspective. Three challenges can be defined in light of nanotoxicology. One, materials that might prove to be significantly toxic must be identified. Two, a system for the categorization of NP materials must be codified and …

The Involvement Of Acidic Nucleoplasmic Dna-Binding Protein (And-1) In The Regulation Of Prereplicative Complex (Pre-Rc) Assembly In Human Cells, Yongming Li, Haijie Xiao, Christelle De Renty, Aimee Jaramillo-Lambert, Zhiyong Han, Melvin L. Depamphilis, Kristy J. Brown, Wenge Zhu

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Post-Transfusion Purpura In An African-American Man Due To Human Platelet Antigen-5b Alloantibody: A Case Report, Filipa Lynce, Fang Yin, Kirsten Alcorn, Vera Malkovska

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Introduction

Post-transfusion purpura is a rare immunohematological disorder characterized by severe thrombocytopenia following transfusion of blood components and induced by an alloantibody against a donor platelet antigen. It occurs primarily in women sensitized by pregnancy and is most commonly caused by anti-human platelet antigen-1a antibodies. Here, we describe what we believe to be the first documented case of an African-American man who developed post-transfusion purpura due to an anti-human platelet antigen-5b alloantibody after receiving multiple blood products.

Case presentation

A 68-year-old African-American man initially admitted with atrial flutter was started on anticoagulation treatment, which was complicated by severe hematemesis. On …

Molecular Characterization Of A Tetraspanin From The Human Liver Fluke, Opisthorchis Viverrini, Supawadee Piratae, Smarn Tesana, Malcolm K. Jones, Paul J. Brindley, Alex Loukas, Erica Lovas, Veerachai Eursitthichai, Banchob Sripa, Sirikanda Thanasuwan, Thewarach Laha

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Background

The human liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, is designated as a group 1 carcinogen, and is the major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma in endemic countries throughout Southeast Asia. Proteins in the excretory-secretory products and tegumental surface membranes of the fluke have been proposed to play pivotal roles in parasite survival in the host, and subsequent pathogenesis. These macromolecules are therefore valid targets for the development of vaccines and new drugs to control the infection. Tetraspanins (TSP) are prominent components of the tegument of blood flukes where they are essential for tegument formation, are directly exposed to the immune system, …

Pediatric Spasticity, Kavita Parikh, Olga Morozova, Melanie Anspacher, Neha Shah

E-Learning Modules

Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) are increasingly prevalent in US hospitals. The pediatric hospitalist is often the primary provider of inpatient care for these patients. However, exposure to this patient population during training varies from provider to provider. No published educational curricula are specific to the inpatient care of this population. The purpose of this project is to build a multi-modal educational curriculum for providers with the overall goal of improving inpatient care for this at-risk population.

This curriculum is primarily composed of a series of topic-specific learning modules. Asynchronous learning modules, utilized appropriately, can augment learning by …

Pediatric Spasticity, Kavita Parikh, Olga Morozova, Melanie Anspacher, Neha Shah

Pediatrics Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Mechanical Contributors To Sex Differences In Idiopathic Knee Osteoarthritis, Daniel P. Nicolella, Mary I. O'Connor, Roger M. Enoka, Barbara D. Boyan, David A. Hart, Eileen Resnick, Karen J. Berkeley, Kathleen A. Sluka, C. Kent Kwoh, Laura L. Tosi, Richard D. Coutts, Wendy M. Kohrt

Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Publications

The occurrence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) increases with age and is more common in women compared with men, especially after the age of 50 years. Recent work suggests that contact stress in the knee cartilage is a significant predictor of the risk for developing knee OA. Significant gaps in knowledge remain, however, as to how changes in musculoskeletal traits disturb the normal mechanical environment of the knee and contribute to sex differences in the initiation and progression of idiopathic knee OA. To illustrate this knowledge deficit, we summarize what is known about the influence of limb alignment, muscle function, and …

Twice-Daily Application Of Hiv Microbicides Alters The Vaginal Microbiota, Jacques Ravel, Pawel Gajer, Li Fu, Christine K. Mauck, Sara S.K. Koenig, Joyce Sakamoto, Alison A. Motsinger-Reif, Gustavo F. Doncel, Steven L. Zeichner

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Vaginal HIV microbicides offer great promise in preventing HIV transmission, but failures of phase 3 clinical trials, in which microbicide-treated subjects had an increased risk of HIV transmission, raised concerns about endpoints used to evaluate microbicide safety. A possible explanation for the increased transmission risk is that the agents shifted the vaginal bacterial community, resulting in loss of natural protection and enhanced HIV transmission susceptibility. We characterized vaginal microbiota, using pyrosequencing of bar-coded 16S rRNA gene fragments, in samples from 35 healthy, sexually abstinent female volunteer subjects (ages 18 to 50 years) with regular menses in a repeat phase 1 …

Extreme Measures: Field Amputation On The Living And Dismemberment Of The Deceased To Extricate Individuals Entrapped In Collapsed Structures, Anthony Macintyre, Efraim B. Kramer, Bruno P. Petinaux, Trevor Glass, Charmaine M. Tate

Emergency Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Radiation Therapy Quality In Ccg/Pog Intergroup 9961: Implications For Craniospinal Irradiation And The Posterior Fossa Boost In Future Medulloblastoma Trials, Bernadine Donahue, Mary A.H. Marymont, Sandra Kessel, Matthew K. Iandoli, Thomas Fitzgerald, Emiko Holmes, Mehmet Kocak, James M. Boyett, Amar Gajjar, Roger J. Packer

Neurology Faculty Publications

Purpose: Associations of radiation therapy (RT) deviations and outcomes in medulloblastoma have not been defined well, particularly in the era of reduced-dose craniospinal irradiation and chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of RT on Children’s Cancer Group/Pediatric Oncology Group 9961 and analyze associations of RT deviations with outcome.

Materials and Methods: Major volume deviations were assessed based on the distance from specified anatomical region to field edge. We investigated associations of RT deviations with progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and explored associations with demographics and clinical variables.

Results: Of the 308 patients who were …

Coccygeal Fracture Pain Cured By Sacral Neuromodulation: A Case Report, Erica R. Hope, Daniel Gruber

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of Obesity Among Young Asian-American Children, Anjali Jain, Stephanie Mitchell, Radha Chirumamilla, Jin Zhang, Ivor B. Horn, Amy Lewin, Z. Jennifer Huang

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND:

Asian-American children are considered to be at low risk of obesity, but previous estimates have not distinguished between children from different Asian countries. We estimate the prevalence of obesity among Asian-American children by mother's country of origin, generational status, and family socioeconomic factors using a secondary analysis of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) wave III (children ∼4 years old) dataset.

METHODS:

The ECLS-B is a nationally representative study of children born in 2001 that oversampled births to Asian mothers. Asian ethnic categories included Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Asian Indian, Korean, Vietnamese, and Other Asian/Pacific Islander. The primary outcome …

Systematic Review Of Tst Responses In People Living With Hiv In Under-Resourced Settings: Implications For Isoniazid Preventive Therapy., Andrew D. Kerkhoff, Katharina Kranzer, Taraz Samandari, Jessica Nakiyingi-Miiro, Christopher C. Whalen, Anthony D. Harries, Stephen D. Lawn

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Background

People living with HIV (PLWH) who have positive tuberculin skin tests (TST) benefit from isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) whereas those testing TST-negative do not. Revised World Health Organization guidelines explicitly state that assessment of TST is not a requirement for initiation of IPT. However, it is not known what proportions of patients will benefit from IPT if implemented without targeting according to TST status. We therefore determined the proportions of PLWH who test TST-positive.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We systematically reviewed the literature published between January 1990 and February 2012 to determine the proportions of patients without active tuberculosis attending HIV …

Enteric Feeding Tubes, Rebekah Conroy, Melanie Anspacher, Priti Bhansali, Neha Shah

Pediatrics Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Pilot Evaluation Of The Text4baby Mobile Health Program, William D. Evans, Jasmine L. Wallace, Jeremy Snider

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

Background

Mobile phone technologies for health promotion and disease prevention have evolved rapidly, but few studies have tested the efficacy of mobile health in full-fledged programs. Text4baby is an example of mobile health based on behavioral theory, and it delivers text messages to traditionally underserved pregnant women and new mothers to change their health, health care beliefs, practices, and behaviors in order to improve clinical outcomes. The purpose of this pilot evaluation study is to assess the efficacy of this text messaging campaign.

Methods

We conducted a randomized pilot evaluation study. All participants were pregnant women first presenting for care …

Immune Correlates Of Aging In Outdoor-Housed Captive Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta), Elizabeth S. Didier, Chie Sugimoto, Lisa C. Bowers, Imtiaz A. Khan, Marcelo J. Kuroda

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Background

Questions remain about whether inflammation is a cause, consequence, or coincidence of aging. The purpose of this study was to define baseline immunological characteristics from blood to develop a model in rhesus macaques that could be used to address the relationship between inflammation and aging. Hematology, flow cytometry, clinical chemistry, and multiplex cytokine/chemokine analyses were performed on a group of 101 outdoor-housed captive rhesus macaques ranging from 2 to 24 years of age, approximately equivalent to 8 to 77 years of age in humans.

Results

These results extend earlier reports correlating changes in lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokines/chemokines with increasing …

The Influence Of Climatic Conditions On The Transmission Dynamics Of The 2009 A/H1n1 Influenza Pandemic In Chile, Gerardo Chowell, Sherry Towers, Cecile Viboud, Rodrigo Fuentes, Viviana Sotomayor, Lone Simonsen, Mark A. Miller, Mauricio Lima, Claudia Villarroel, Monica Chiu, Jose E. Villarroel, Andrea Olea

Global Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of Microflora In Latin-Style Cheeses By Next-Generation Sequencing Technology, Tina S. Lusk, Andrea R. Ottesen, James R. White, Marc W. Allard, Eric W. Brown, Julie A. Kase

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Background

Cheese contamination can occur at numerous stages in the manufacturing process including the use of improperly pasteurized or raw milk. Of concern is the potential contamination by Listeria monocytogenes and other pathogenic bacteria that find the high moisture levels and moderate pH of popular Latin-style cheeses like queso fresco a hospitable environment. In the investigation of a foodborne outbreak, samples typically undergo enrichment in broth for 24 hours followed by selective agar plating to isolate bacterial colonies for confirmatory testing. The broth enrichment step may also enable background microflora to proliferate, which can confound subsequent analysis if not inhibited …

In A Model Of Batten Disease, Palmitoyl Protein Thioesterase-1 Deficiency Is Associated With Brown Adipose Tissue And Thermoregulation Abnormalities, Alfia Khaibullina, Nicholas Kenyon, Virginia Guptill, Martha M. Quezado, Li Wang, Deloris Koziol, Robert Wesley, Pablo R. Moya, Zhongjian Zhang, Arjun Saha, Anil B. Mukherjee, Zenaide M.N. Quezado

Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Faculty Publications

Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by a deficiency of palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1). We have previously shown that children with INCL have increased risk of hypothermia during anesthesia and that PPT1-deficiency in mice is associated with disruption of adaptive energy metabolism, downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we hypothesized that Ppt1-knockout mice, a well-studied model of INCL that shows many of the neurologic manifestations of the disease, would recapitulate the thermoregulation impairment observed in children with INCL. We also hypothesized that when exposed to cold, Ppt1-knockout …

Himmelfarb Headlines - November/December 2012, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Himmelfarb Headlines (2009 - present)

News and information about Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library of interest to users. Includes articles on the Entrez Database, SMART imagebase, changes in NIH-funded obligations, a profile of Charles Macri, and article on Kathe Obrig's retirement.

Developing A Business Plan For Sustaining School Mental Health Services: Three Success Stories, Donna Behrens, Julia Graham Lear, Olga Acosta Price

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

T-Cell Activation Is Enhanced By Targeting Il-10 Cytokine Production In Toll-Like Receptor-Stimulated Macrophages, Ryan Walk, Steven Elliott, Felix C. Blanco, Jason A. Snyder, Ashley M. Jacobi, Scott Rose, Mark Behlke, Aliasger Salem, Stanislav Vukmanovic, Anthony D. Sandler

Surgery Faculty Publications

Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists represent potentially useful cancer vaccine adjuvants in their ability to stimulate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and subsequently amplify the cytotoxic T-cell response. The purpose of this study was to characterize APC responses to TLR activation and to determine the subsequent effect on lymphocyte activation. We exposed murine primary bone marrow-derived macrophages to increasing concentrations of agonists to TLRs 2, 3, 4, and 9. This resulted in a dose-dependent increase in production of not only tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNF-α), a surrogate marker of the proinflammatory response, but also interleukin 10 (IL-10), a well-described inhibitory cytokine. Importantly, IL-10 secretion …

A Learner-Centered Diabetes Management Curriculum, Daniel J. Salvo, Larrie W. Greenberg, Celia L. Henderson, Fran R. Cogen

Medicine Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes errors, particularly insulin administration errors, can lead to complications and death in the pediatric inpatient setting. Despite a lecture-format curriculum on diabetes management at our children’s hospital, resident diabetes-related errors persisted. We hypothesized that a multifaceted, learner-centered diabetes curriculum would help reduce pathway errors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The 8-week curricular intervention consisted of 1) an online tutorial addressing residents’ baseline diabetes management knowledge, 2) an interactive diabetes pathway discussion, 3) a learner-initiated diabetes question and answer session, and 4) a case presentation featuring embedded pathway errors for residents to recognize, resolve, and prevent. …

Perspective On Lead Toxicity: A Comparison Between The United States And Iran, Ali Pourmand, Tareq Khedir Al-Tiae, Maryann Mazer-Amirshahi

Emergency Medicine Faculty Publications

Lead is a pervasive toxin that has been implicated in human poisonings throughout history. Exposure mitigation strategies in the United States and worldwide have led to a decline in symptomatic poisonings and population blood lead levels; however, lead remains a major health hazard. In this article, we review the history of lead toxicity, clinical manifestations ranging from subclinical and subtle features to life-threatening complications, and the subsequent public health interventions in the US. In addition, we explore common routes of lead exposure and the unique differences between the US and Iran. Although the US has made significant strides with regard …

Risk Factors Associated With Death In In-Hospital Pediatric Convulsive Status Epilepticus, Tobias Loddenkemper, Tanvir U. Syed, Sriram Ramgopal, Deepak Gulati, Sikawat Thanaviratananich, Sanjeev V. Kothare, Amer Alshekhlee, Mohamad Z. Koubeissi

Neurology Faculty Publications

Objective

To evaluate in-patient mortality and predictors of death associated with convulsive status epilepticus (SE) in a large, multi-center, pediatric cohort.

Patients and Methods

We identified our cohort from the KID Inpatient Database for the years 1997, 2000, 2003 and 2006. We queried the database for convulsive SE, associated diagnoses, and for inpatient death. Univariate logistic testing was used to screen for potential risk factors. These risk factors were then entered into a stepwise backwards conditional multivariable logistic regression procedure. P-values less than 0.05 were taken as significant.

Results

We identified 12,365 (5,541 female) patients with convulsive SE aged …

Reintegration Of Child Soldiers In Burundi: A Tracer Study, Mark J.D. Jordans, Ivan H. Komproe, Wietse A. Tol, Aline Ndayisaba, Theodora Nisabwe, Brandon A. Kohrt

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

Substantial attention and resources are aimed at the reintegration of child soldiers, yet rigorous evaluations are rare.

Methods

This tracer study was conducted among former child soldiers (N=452) and never-recruited peers (N=191) who participated in an economic support program in Burundi. Socio-economic outcome indicators were measured retrospectively for the period before receiving support (T1; 2005–06); immediately afterwards (T2; 2006–07); and at present (T3; 2010). Participants also rated present functional impairment and mental health indicators.

Results

Participants reported improvement on all indicators, especially economic opportunity and social integration. At present no difference existed between both groups on any of the …

The Cancer Stem Cell Conundrum In Multiple Myeloma, Robert G. Hawley

Anatomy and Regenerative Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Library Professional Activities, Himmelfarb Staff

Himmelfarb Library Faculty Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.