Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Documentation: Delirium In The Hospitalized Older Adult, Jacqueline Fitzgerald Close Phd

Dissertations

Background: Delirium is a common, life threatening and preventable geriatric syndrome. Because this condition is frequently addressed by administering dangerous antipsychotic drugs, it is imperative that accurate systematic assessments are charted to determine the actual need for these medications. The purpose of the study was to describe medical record documentation of a systematic assessment of delirium in older adults who had been administered an antipsychotic medication. Methods: A descriptive correlational retrospective design was used for this medical record data based study. The setting was a 107 bed acute care community hospital located in southern California. Inclusion criteria were medical records …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - April 22, 2012, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the April 22, 2012 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• USA Student Health Center Achieves AAAHC Accreditation
• Dr. Parker Awarded 2012 Bruno Lima Award
• Dr. Dan Roach Appointed State Health Information Technology Coordinator
• USA Physician Featured on Fox 10 TV
• Snapshots: Medical Center Employee Picnic
• Next Week's DSS - Dr. Yidong Bai

Faculty Requirement For A Portuguese Language Optometry Program: Experience And Challenges Of The Mozambique Eye Care Project, Diane Wallace

Conference Papers

Faculty recruitment for a Portuguese-language optometry program: experiences and challenges of The Mozambique Eye Care Project

Ms Diane Wallace BOptom, MPA

University of KawZulu Natal, South Africa

Purpose

The Mozambique Eyecare Project (MEP) is a unique institutional collaboration in a programme for the development, implementation and evaluation of a regional optometry training model for Portuguese-speaking Africa. The Project was initiated in February 2009 with the first cohort of undergraduate students beginning classes at Lúrio University in Northern Mozambique. This is the first Portuguese-language optometry program in Africa, and with no professionally qualified optometrists locally, faculty had to be recruited from …

Using Tag To Increase Play Skills, Melissa A. Boggs

Honors Theses

TAG (Teaching with Acoustical Guidance) involves using auditory stimuli as a reinforcer for correct behavior or correct components of a behavior chain. Theoretically, TAG is an effective reinforcer because a click (the auditory stimuli) is paired with back up reinforcers (tangible reinforcers and social praise) and consequently becomes a conditioned reinforcer. The current study assesses the effectiveness of TAG in structured playtime activities in a child diagnosed with autism. The behaviors measured include a receptive identification procedure, an imitative drawing procedure and a paperclip drop procedure. Each of these responses required multiple behaviors to be completed with the paperclip drop …

Activity Choice And Extinction Intervention For Escape Maintained Behavior, Ali M. Markowitz

Honors Theses

Tantrums and non-compliant problem behaviors challenge children diagnosed with autism’s progress in early childhood special education classrooms by interfering with the child’s learning opportunities. Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder causing abnormal or impaired development in social interactions and communication (DSM-IV, 1994). This paper looks at a single case on a preschool aged child diagnosed with autism exhibiting tantrums and problem behaviors. These tantrums and non-compliant problem behaviors included kicking, scratching, screaming, hitting, flopping on to the floor or eloping (leaving the table, chair or work area). One study conducted showed that activity choice intervention decreases the occurrence of problem …

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (Pk/Pd) Modeling Of Anti-Neoplastic Agents, Daniel Lexcen, Ahmed H. Salem, Walid F. Elkhatib, Virginia Haynes, Ayman Noreddin

Pharmacy Faculty Books and Book Chapters

"Development of tumor resistance to chemotherapeutics is related to inherent tumor variations regarding sensitivity to chemotherapeutics and to sub-optimal dosing regimens, including variation in patient pharmacokinetics that result in suboptimal exposure of tumor cells to anti-neoplastic drugs [1, 2]. The rate and extent of drug efficacy depends on the extent of drug exposure at the tumor site and the time above the effective concentration [3]. In vitro models that incorporate these pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) principles to optimize therapeutic response may be considered the method of choice for optimizing dosing schedules before translating data from static assays to animals and …

Application Of Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (Pk/Pd) In Designing Effective Antibiotic Treatment Regimens, Ghada F. Ahmed, Ayman Noreddin

Pharmacy Faculty Books and Book Chapters

"Designing antibiotic dosing regimens is often not optimal and the dose-response relationship for most antibiotics is not well-known1. Both Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Pharmacodynamics (PD) are characteristics of antimicrobial agents that should be considered in the development of effective antibiotic therapy. By linking the concentration time profile at the site of action to the drug effect (PK/PD), the effect of varying dosage regimens against pathogens could be simulated enabling the identification of effective dosage strategies. It is known that inadequate antibiotic dosing could not only lead to a therapeutic failure, but also to the development of bacterial resistance. Importantly, the evolution …

Fullerene C70 Derivatives Dampen Anaphylaxis And Allergic Asthma Pathogenesis In Mice, Sarah Norton

Theses and Dissertations

Fullerenes are carbon nanospheres that can be solublized by the addition of polar chemical groups to the carbon cage, forming fullerene derivatives. One specifically derivatized fullerene compound, termed C70-Tetragylocolate (C70-TGA), has been shown to stabilize mast cell responses in vitro thus we hypothesized it may have an effect on mast cell-driven diseases such as asthma and systemic anaphylaxis. To observe the effects of C70-TGA on systemic anaphylaxis, mice were subjected to a model of passive systemic anaphylaxis. In this model, mice were injected with DNP-specific IgE 16 hours prior to challenge, then treated with C70-TGA. Immediately prior to DNP challenge, …

L'Infirmière Française: Entre La Laïcité Et La Sentimentalité, Melanie R. Williams

Scripps Senior Theses

Le développement de la profession d’infirmière en France suivait un chemin nébuleux. L’infirmière en Angleterre et aux États-Unis venait facilement, mais la situation en France interdisait un processus similaire. L’avènement de l’infirmière française a eu lieu à travers des batailles idéologiques et physiques sous la Troisième République. Ces luttes montraient les conflits entre l’Église et la République, entre les femmes et les hommes, et celle de la Première Guerre mondiale. La manière dans laquelle chacun de ses batailles se passait se trouve en examinant les trois mouvements de la création de l’infirmière, les évènements de la guerre, et les images …

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Educational Techniques, Katherine R. Racanelli

Honors Projects

The awareness of mild traumatic brain injury as a health concern has increased across a multitude of athletic settings due to a plethora of research and clinical findings that indicate the serious threat concussions pose, particularly to young athletes. The need to provide risk reduction and health promotion education to athletes and parents necessitates an innovative approach. This study explores the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to promote awareness regarding the pathophysiology, symptoms, consequences, and prevention of sports-related mild traumatic brain injury. An interactive educational program was administered to …

The Role Of Hsp70 In Cancer: A Study Of The Hsp70 / Akt Relationship, John Koren

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Hsp70 family of molecular chaperones is essential for

protein folding, re-folding misfolded client proteins, clearance

of aberrant client proteins, and can also inhibit programmed

cell death. There are two major cytosolic members of this

family: the constitutive Hsc70, and the inducible Hsp72. Under

stress conditions the Hsp70 family protects the cell from

protein related damage by the induction of Hsp72. Hsc70 and

Hsp72 are highly homologous with minor differences in

substrate binding. In cancers, Hsp72 is commonly induced and

this induction is thought to aid in cancer cell survival. In these

studies we demonstrate the differential regulation of the …

Demographics And Survival Of Aids Cases With Cancer, Washington, Dc, 1996-2006, Heather A. Young, Eric Engels, Anne-Marie Sufian-Kargbo, Alicia Vargas, Kathleen Rogers, Tiffany West, Amanda D. Castel

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Background

Washington, DC (DC) has one of the highest HIV/AIDS rates in the U.S and cancer is the second leading cause of death among DC residents. This study sought to examine the demographic characteristics and survival of persons with AIDS defining cancers (ADCs) compared to those with non-AIDS defining cancers (NADCs) between the early HAART era (1996-2001) and the late HAART era (2002-2006) in DC.

Methods

Cases reported from 1996-2006 to the DC Cancer Registry and the AIDS Surveillance Registry were linked using a probabilistic matching algorithm. Cases were included if the cancer occurred from 4 months to 60 months …

Molecular Distinctions Between Pediatric And Adult Mature B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas Identified Through Genomic Profiling, Karen Deffenbacher, Javeed Iqbal, Warren Sanger, Yulei Shen, Cynthia Lachel, Zhongfeng Liu, Yanyan Liu, Megan Lim, Sherrie Perkins, Kai Fu, Lynette Smith, James Lynch, Louis Staudt, Lisa M. Rimsza, Elaine Jaffe, Andreas Rosenwald, German Ott, Jan Delabie, Elias Campo, Randy Gascoyne, Mitchell Cairo, Dennis Weisenburger, Timothy Greiner, Thomas Gross, Wing Chan

United States Public Health Resources

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) predominates in pediatric patients, whereas diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is uncommon. In contrast to adults, BL and DLBCL are treated similarly in children and both entities have superior outcomes in children compared with adults. Gene expression profiling (GEP) and miRNA expression profiling clearly differentiated pediatric DLBCL from BL, forming distinct clusters regardless of patient age. However, pathway analysis of GEP data identified minor differences between corresponding pediatric and adult tumors. Predominance (6:1) of the germinal center B-cell subtype to activated B-cell subtype was found among pediatric DLBCL. Two cases were molecularly classified as primary mediastinal B-cell …

Polyglutamine Toxicity Is Controlled By Prion Composition And Gene Dosage In Yeast, He Gong, Nina V. Romanova, Kim D. Allen, Pavithra Chandramowlishwaran, Kavita Gokhale, Gary P. Newnam, Piotr Miceczkowski, Michael Y. Sherman, Yury O. Chernoff

Publications and Research

Polyglutamine expansion causes diseases in humans and other mammals. One example is Huntington’s disease. Fragments of human huntingtin protein having an expanded polyglutamine stretch form aggregates and cause cytotoxicity in yeast cells bearing endogenous QN-rich proteins in the aggregated (prion) form. Attachment of the proline(P)-rich region targets polyglutamines to the large perinuclear deposit (aggresome). Aggresome formation ameliorates polyglutamine cytotoxicity in cells containing only the prion form of Rnq1 protein. Here we show that expanded polyglutamines both with (poly-QP) or without (poly-Q) a P-rich stretch remain toxic in the presence of the prion form of translation termination (release) factor Sup35 (eRF3). …

Personal Construction Of Cough Medicine Among Young Substance Abusers In Hong Kong, Daniel T. L. Shek

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Although cough medicine abuse is a growing problem in many places, there is no study examining the views of young substance abusers toward cough medicine. The objective of this study was to examine personal constructions of cough medicine abusers via the repertory grid tests (N = 11). Several observations are highlighted from the study. First, personal constructions of cough medicine were mixed, including the benefits and harmful effects of its abuse. Second, although the informants perceived cough medicine to be addictive and harmful, they perceived cough medicine to be less addictive and less harmful than did heroin. Third, while the …

Evaluation Of The Project P.A.T.H.S. Based On Students' Weekly Diaries: Findings From Eight Datasets, Daniel T. L. Shek, Rachel C. F. Sun

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. (positive adolescent training through holistic social programmes) based on eight datasets collected between 2005 and 2009. A total of 1,138 students who participated in the program were randomly invited (from the whole grade or in some classes) to write a piece of journal in the form of a weekly diary in order to reveal their perceptions and feelings regarding the program and the perceived benefits of the program. Based on an integration of findings from different databases, results showed that the respondents generally (1) …

Evaluation Of A Positive Youth Development Program Based On The Repertory Grid Test, Daniel T. L. Shek

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The repertory grid test, based on personal construct psychology, was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) in Hong Kong. One hundred and four program participants (n = 104) were randomly invited to complete a repertory grid based on personal construct theory in order to provide both quantitative and qualitative data for measuring self-identity changes after joining the program. Findings generally showed that the participants perceived that they understood themselves better and had stronger resilience after joining the program. Participants also saw themselves as closer to their ideal selves and other positive …

Adolescent Decision Making And Risk Behavior: A Neurobiological Approach, Jennifer M. Wolff

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

In this study, the neurobiological theory of adolescent decision making and risk taking and the dual-process decision making theory were tested in a sample of college students. Participants responded to questions in a survey about decision making style, socio-emotional processes, cognitive control processes, and deviant peers. The goals of the research were to test the relation between decision making processes (intuitive and deliberative) and risk behaviors, to test the potential overlap between intuitive and deliberative decision making as described in the more traditional dual-process models and the socio-emotional and cognitive control systems of the neurobiological model, and to extend the …

Mixed Methods Analysis Of School Wellness Programs In Nebraska And Indiana: A Descriptive Study, Jessica A. Robinson

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Schools have become one of the major fronts that the battle against childhood obesity is being fought. In 2004 the Child Nutrition Act passed by Congress required all school districts receiving funds for the National School Lunch Program to create a wellness policy. Since then there have been many research projects conducted to learn more about these policies, and their implementation as programs in the schools. Thus far, no such research has been done in Nebraska or Indiana. The purpose of this descriptive study is to describe how schools in Nebraska and Indiana are implementing wellness programs in their schools. …

The Effect Of Oral Care On Intracranial Pressure In Critically Ill Adults, Christina Szabo

Theses and Dissertations

A major goal in the care of patients with neurological problems is to prevent or minimize episodes of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Elevations in ICP in response to nursing interventions have been acknowledged since the 1960’s when ICP monitoring was first introduced in the clinical setting. Until recently few studies have specifically examined the effect of oral care on ICP and oral care and other hygiene measures were combined or not specified, prohibiting a direct interpretation of the influence of oral care alone on ICP. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between routine oral care interventions …

John H. Moore Jr., Md Clinical Professor Of Plastic Surgery And Former Alumni Association President

Jefferson Surgical Solutions

John H. Moore Jr., MD, longtime clinical professor of plastic surgery at Jefferson and former president of the Jefferson Medical College (JMC) Alumni Association, died at home on September 26, 2011.

Born in Pittsburgh in 1953, Moore received his bachelor’s degree from the University of Virginia, where he stayed on for his medical degree. After completing his internship at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in 1980, he completed a general surgery residency. He then participated in a fellowship in hand surgery and microsurgery at Jefferson and completed a plastic surgery residency at the Eastern Virginia Graduate School of Medicine.

In 1987, …

News In Brief

Jefferson Surgical Solutions

Alejandro Perez, MD, has joined the Jefferson Vascular Center at Methodist Hospital with a dual faculty appointment in the Departments of Medicine and Surgery at Thomas Jefferson University. Dr. Perez completed his residency and fellowship training in vascular medicine at the Cleveland Clinic. He specializes in deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Ehyal Shweiki, MD, FACS, has joined the Division of Acute Care Surgery. Dr. Shweiki is fellowship-trained in both cardiothoracic surgery (University of Louisville) and surgical critical care (Washington University/Barnes Jewish Hospital). He also holds an MS in Bioethics. He will serve patients at our …

Zhi Ven Fong, Jmc ’12 Secretary, Gibbon Surgical Society

Jefferson Surgical Solutions

Born and raised in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Zhi Ven Fong spent his first two years of medical school at the International Medical University (IMU) in Malaysia before coming to Philadelphia to study at Jefferson Medical College. And while medical school alone would be enough to keep most students busy, Zhi, 23, has seized every opportunity to build his skills and knowledge as a physician scientist.

“I aspire to be a leader in an academic field like surgery, so I realized I needed experience in research,” Zhi says. “After consulting with senior students, I reached out to Dr. Ernest Rosato, who …

Building A Legacy Of Hope Against Ovarian Cancer

Jefferson Surgical Solutions

Cancer – let alone a rare form of ovarian cancer – wasn’t on Sandy Parvin’s radar when her 11-year-old daughter Sarah was nauseous and vomiting for a few days in the spring of 2005.

“Honestly, we thought she had the flu,” Sandy said. The virus had been going around so Sandy took her daughter to their family physician.

The doctor sent Sarah to the hospital to get some IV fluids. It quickly turned into a parent’s worst nightmare. Sarah was put on a heart monitor and four physicians were there asking questions. Her calcium levels were far too high.

“They …

Gerald A. Isenberg, Md, Facs

Jefferson Surgical Solutions

As Professor of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery; Director, Surgical Undergraduate Education, Jefferson Medical College (JMC); Program Director, Colorectal Residency Program, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital; and Chair, Curriculum Committee, JMC, Gerald A. Isenberg, MD, FACS, is equally focused on – and passionate about – clinical practice and medical education.

Indeed, as he reflects on his career at Jefferson, which spans nearly 25 years, Dr. Isenberg is appreciative of the opportunity to build a busy and vibrant colorectal surgery practice. But he clearly also values his experiences as an educator – particularly the many opportunities to lead and innovate.

In years …

Jefferson Researchers Identify Potential Diagnostic, Prognostic Tools For Pancreatic Cancer

Jefferson Surgical Solutions

When it comes to diagnosing and treating cancer, early detection is important. While other cancers can be identified through routine screenings, pancreatic cancer has been notoriously difficult to diagnose early. After pancreatic cancer is diagnosed, the optimal course of treatment is not always clear.

Hwyda Arafat, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Surgery at Thomas Jefferson University and co-director of the Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary and Related Cancers Center, and Jordan M. Winter, MD, Assistant Professor of Surgery, are working to change that.

Together with Mon-Li Chu, PhD, Professor and Vice Chair of the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Dr. Arafat …

Overview

Jefferson Surgical Solutions

Charles J. Yeo, MD, FACS

Samuel D. Gross Professor and

Chair, Department of Surgery

In this issue, Surgical Solutions focuses on our trauma expertise, recent progress in bench research, the contributions of Dr. Gerald Isenberg, insights from medical student Zhi Ven Fong, and pays tribute to Dr. John Moore. A very busy issue!

I was moved by a recent editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine dated February 16, 2012. In the piece entitled “What We Talk About When We Talk About Health Care Costs”, Peter Neumann of Tufts University quotes from the American College of Physicians Ethics Manual, …

Surgeon Speaks

Jefferson Surgical Solutions

Kris Kaulback, MD, FACS

Assistant Professor,

Division of Acute Care Surgery at Jefferson

Medical Director, Trauma Center at Paoli Hospital

Following a major, multisystem trauma, being seen by a trauma center within 60 minutes can mean the difference between life and death. Thanks to Paoli Hospital’s accredited Level II trauma center, which opened on October 1, 2010, more people in Chester County are receiving critical care within the “golden hour.”

As Kris Kaulback, MD, FACS, explains, Paoli earned accreditation by addressing the extensive standards outlined by the Pennsylvania State Trauma Foundation (PSTF). Accreditation reflects the resources available at Paoli around …

Bigpic: Bridging Income Generation With Provision Of Incentives For Care, Sonak Pastakia

Changing World Conference

No abstract provided.

Bryant University Research And Engagement Day Program

Bryant REDay (Research and Engagement Day)

No abstract provided.