Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Fostering Aging In Place: "Healthy Naturally Occurring Retirement Community" (H-Norc) Qualities In A Southwest Ohio Suburb, Laura A. Previll

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

This community assessment uses the concept of “H-NORCs” or Healthy Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities as a framework to analyze supports for aging (Masotti, Johnson-Masotti, Fick, & MacLeod, 2006) in Kettering, Ohio -- a first tier suburb of Dayton where the proportion of people over the age of 60 was 23.8% in 2010. In this study, I used focus groups and interviews to collect qualitative data on five H-NORC attributes: (1) economic policies that benefit seniors; (2) types of transportation support for seniors; (3) neighborhood design for physical activity; (4) opportunities for social integration and sense of belonging; and (5) health …

The Reaction Of Methionine With A Non-C2-Symmetrical Platinum (Ii) Diamine Compound, Nilesh Sahi

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

The research that we have conducted has allowed us to discover that the amino acids, methionine (Met) and N-acetyl methionine (N-AcMet), will react in a 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratio with platinum complexes containing bulky diamine ligands. Previous research has allowed us to gain a plethora of information on the experimentation and results of specific bulky diamine ligands such as N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine and N,N-diethylethylenediamine. In the current study, we have investigated the bulky diamine ligand of N,N-dimethylethylenediamine, or Me₂en. With our focus on the bulk of the Me₂en ligand, we have been able to synthesize a platinum …

“Make Your Move, Choose Your Food”: A Healthy Lifestyles Empowerment Campaign, Michelle Child

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

This thesis documents the campaign “Make Your Move. Choose Your Food.” This healthy lifestyles empowerment campaign was one of six conducted in Bowling Green, Kentucky during February 2012 for the Public Relations Student Society of America’s (PRSSA) 2011-2012 Bateman Case Study Competition through the public relations capstone courses Journalism 454 and 456. The objective of this campaign was to encourage children, teenagers, parents, educators and community organizations to improve their individual health and the health of the community. My team, consisting of four public relations seniors and myself, created three overall objectives grounded in research, planned strategies specific to our …

2012 May 1 - Medical Student Education Committee Minutes, Medical Student Education Committee, East Tennessee State University

Medical Student Education Committee Minutes

No abstract provided.

Association Of Cartilage-Specific Deletion Of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Γ With Abnormal Endochondral Ossification And Impaired Cartilage Growth And Development In A Murine Model, Roxana Monemdjou, Faezeh Vasheghani, Hassan Fahmi, Gemma Perez, Meryem Blati, Noboru Taniguchi, Martin Lotz, René St-Arnaud, Jean Pierre Pelletier, Johanne Martel-Pelletier, Frank Beier, Mohit Kapoor

Paediatrics Publications

Objective Long bones develop through the strictly regulated process of endochondral ossification within the growth plate, resulting in the replacement of cartilage by bone. Defects in this process can result in skeletal abnormalities and a predisposition to degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). Studies suggest that activation of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is an important therapeutic target in OA. To devise PPARγ-related therapies in OA, it is critical to identify the role of this transcription factor in cartilage biology. Therefore, this study sought to determine the in vivo role of PPARγ in endochondral ossification and …

The Dark Side Of Neuroplasticity, Arthur Brown, Lynne C. Weaver

Paediatrics Publications

Whether dramatic or modest, recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury (SCI) is greatly due to neuroplasticity - the process by which the nervous system responds to injury by establishing new synaptic connections or by altering the strength of existing synapses. However, the same neuroplasticity that allows locomotor function to recover also produces negative consequences such as pain and dysfunction of organs controlled by the autonomic nervous system. In this review we focus specifically on structural neuroplasticity (the growth of new synaptic connections) after SCI and on the consequent development of pain and autonomic dysreflexia, a condition of episodic …

Embryo Collection Induces Transient Activation Of Xbp1 Arm Of The Er Stress Response While Embryo Vitrification Does Not., Tamara Abraham, Christopher L Pin, Andrew J Watson

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

Embryo cryopreservation has become a standard procedure in the practice of assisted reproduction. While routinely performed in IVF labs, the effects of embryo vitrification on the molecular mechanisms governing preimplantation development remain largely unknown. The endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) response is an evolutionary conserved mechanism that cells employ to manage ER stress. ER stress can be defined as an imbalance between protein synthesis and secretion within the ER. The primary focus of this study was to investigate whether standard embryo manipulations, including embryo collection, culture and vitrification, result in activation of the ER stress pathway in vitro and to …

Paediatricians, Social Media And Blogs: Ethical Considerations, Thérèse St-Laurent-Gagnon, Kevin W. Coughlin

Paediatrics Publications

The use of blogs, Facebook and similar social networking sites is rapidly expanding and, when compared with e-mail, may be having a significantly different impact on the traditional doctor-patient relationship. Characteristics specific to these online platforms have major implications for professional relationships, including the ‘Facebook effect’ (the relative permanence of postings) and the ‘online disinhibition effect’. The present practice point illustrates relevant ethical considerations and provides guidance to paediatricians and others concerning the prudent professional and personal use of social networking media.

L’utilisation des blogues, de Facebook et de sites de réseautage social similaires prend une expansion rapide. Par rapport …

Interrelated Processes Toward Quality Of Life In Survivors Of Childhood Cancer: A Grounded Theory, Miranda Tsonis, Janette Mcdougall, Angela Mandich, Jennifer Irwin

Occupational Therapy Publications

Past research has not adequately addressed the quality of life (QOL) of survivors of childhood cancer. The purpose of this study was to understand how QOL is experienced for individuals who have survived childhood cancer. Specific research questions included: (a) How do childhood cancer survivors define the concept of QOL and (b) What processes do childhood cancer survivors go through regarding their QOL? Researchers used grounded theory to analyze in-depth interviews conducted with eight survivors. Survivors use a process of specific action strategies and intervening conditions to manage impacts and effects, resulting in life enjoyment, or good QOL. The identification …

Oxaliplatin And Oxaliplatin Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, And Reactivity With Biologically Relevant Ligands, Amy Poynter

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Oxaliplatin is a third generation anticancer drug that has proven to be successful in fighting ovarian and testicular cancer. We are interested in determining how oxaliplatin and oxaliplatin derivatives interact with proteins, as well as how that interaction is affected by the size and shape of these platinum compounds. We have synthesized oxaliplatin as it is used in cancer treatment, as well as similar platinum compounds with the same diaminocyclohexane ligand as oxaliplatin but with additional bulk added to the nitrogen atoms. We are reacting oxaliplatin with key amino acids, including methionine, and will be comparing the kinetics of this …

Evaluation Of Pneumonia Virus Of Mice As A Possible Human Pathogen, Linda G. Brock, Ruth A. Karron, Christine D. Krempl, Peter L. Collins, Ursula J. Buchholz

United States Public Health Resources

Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), a relative of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), causes respiratory disease in mice. There is serologic evidence suggesting widespread exposure of humans to PVM. To investigate replication in primates, African green monkeys (AGM) and rhesus macaques (n=4) were inoculated with PVM by the respiratory route. Virus was shed intermittently at low levels by a subset of animals, suggesting poor permissiveness. PVM efficiently replicated in cultured human cells and inhibited the type I interferon (IFN) response in these cells. This suggests that poor replication in nonhuman primates was not due to a general nonpermissiveness …

Genome-Wide Mirnaprofiling Of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Reveals A Distinct Subgroup With Poor Prognosis, Javeed Iqbal, Yulei Shen, Yanyan Liu, Kai Fu, Elaine S. Jaffe, Cuiling Liu, Zhongfeng Liu, Cynthia M. Lachel, Karen Deffenbacher, Timothy C. Greiner, Julie M. Vose, Sharathkumar Bhagavathi, Louis M. Staudt, Lisa Rimsza, Andreas Rosenwald, German Ott, Jan Delabie, Elias Campo, Rita M. Braziel, James R. Cook, Raymond R. Tubbs, Randy D. Gascoyne, James O. Armitage, Dennis D. Weisenburger, Timothy W. Mckeithan, Wing C. Chan

United States Public Health Resources

miRNA deregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Using a high-throughput quantitative real-time PCR platform, we performed miRNA profiling on cyclin D1–positive MCL (n = 30) and cyclin D1–negative MCL (n =7) and compared them with small lymphocytic leukemia/ lymphoma (n =12), aggressive B-cell lymphomas (n =138), normal B-cell subsets, and stromal cells.We identified a 19-miRNA classifier that included 6 up-regulated miRNAs and 13 down regulated miRNA that was able to distinguish MCL from other aggressive lymphomas. Some of the up-regulated miRNAs are highly expressed in naive B cells. This miRNAclassifier …

Effectiveness Of Supported Employment For Veterans With Spinal Cord Injuries: Results From A Randomized Multisite Study, Lisa Ottomanelli, Lance L. Goetz, Alina Suris, Charles Mcgeough, Patricia L. Sinnott, Rich Toscano, Scott D. Barnett, Daisha J. Cipher, Lisa M. Lind, Thomas M. Dixon, Sally Ann Holmes, Anthony J. Kerrigan, Florian P. Thomas

United States Public Health Resources

Ottomanelli L, Goetz LL, Suris A, McGeough C, Sinnott PL, Toscano R, Barnett SD, Cipher DJ, Lind LM, Dixon TM, Holmes SA, Kerrigan AJ, Thomas FP. Effectiveness of supported employment for veterans with spinal cord injuries: results from a randomized multisite study.

Objective: To examine whether supported employment (SE) is more effective than treatment as usual (TAU) in returning veterans to competitive employment after spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled, multisite trial of SE versus TAU for vocational issues with 12 months of follow-up data.

Setting: SCI centers in the Veterans Health Administration.

Participants: …

Prioritization Of Biomarker Targets In Human Umbilical Cord Blood: Identification Of Proteins In Infant Blood Serving As Validated Biomarkers In Adults, Nicole Hansmeier, Tzu-Chiao Chao, Lynn R. Goldman, Frank R. Witter, Rolf U. Halden

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Background: Early diagnosis represents one of the best lines of defense in the fight against a wide array of human diseases. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is one of the first easily available diagnostic biofluids and can inform about the health status of newborns. However, compared with adult blood, its diagnostic potential remains largely untapped.

Objectives: Our goal was to accelerate biomarker research on UCB by exploring its detectable protein content and providing a priority list of potential biomarkers based on known proteins involved in disease pathways.

Methods: We explored cord blood serum proteins by profiling a UCB pool of 12 …

Phenytoin Versus Leviteracetam For Seizure Prophylaxis After Brain Injury - A Meta Analysis, Syed Nabeel Zafar, Abdul Ahad Khan, Asfar Ayaz Gauri, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim

Section of Neurosurgery

Background: Current standard therapy for seizure prophylaxis in Neuro-surgical patients involves the use of Phenytoin (PHY). However, a new drug Levetiracetam (LEV) is emerging as an alternate treatment choice. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to compare these two drugs in patients with brain injury.
Methods: An electronic search was performed in using Pubmed, Embase, and CENTRAL. We included studies that compared the use of LEV vs. PHY for seizure prophylaxis for brain injured patients (Traumatic brain injury, intracranial hemorrhage, intracranial neoplasms, and craniotomy). Data of all eligible studies was extracted on to a standardized abstraction sheet. Data about baseline …

Metabolic-Cost Comparison Of Running On An Aquatic Treadmill With Water-Jets And Land Treadmill With Incline, Ryan R. Porter

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Purpose: This study investigated whether running on a land treadmill (TM) at specific inclines corresponded to an equivalent metabolic cost (MC, oxygen consumption, VO2) using water-jets on an aquatic treadmill (ATM) at equivalent running speeds. Methods: Sixteen participants completed two trials on separate days on a TM and ATM. For each trial subjects performed eighteen, 3-4 min submaximal runs at three self selected speeds (slow, medium, and fast) with either water-jet resistances of 0-100% of maximum jet flow capacity in 20% increments during ATM or inclines of 0-10% in 2% increments during TM. Trials were separated by at least 48 …

The Capability Of The Functional Movement Screen To Predict Injury In Division I Male And Female Track And Field Athletes, Brent Matthew Appel

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Track and field, formally know as athletics, formed part of the first Olympics in 776 BC and was included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 (Quercetany, 2000). Ever since the creation of this sport, sport related injury has followed. The inevitability of musculoskeletal injury associated with sports in general is well known amongst its participants, and the people who research it. According to the NCAA Injury Surveillance System, a sixteen year sampling period (1988 through 2004), recorded 182,000 injuries (Hootman, Dick, & Agel, 2007). Despite the risk for injury, people continue to participate in track and field. During …

A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Haemodynamic Stability In Elderly Patients Undergoing Spinal Anaesthesia At L5,S1 Versus Spinal Anaesthesia At L3,4 At The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Karen Nkatha Mbaya

Master of Medicine in Anaesthesiology

Background: Spinal anaesthesia is a routinely used anaesthetic technique for elderly patients undergoing operations involving the lower limbs, lower abdomen, pelvis and the perineum. Spinal anaesthesia has several advantages over general anaesthesia and these include stable haemodynamic variables, less blood loss, less post operative pain, faster recovery time and less post operative confusion. However, despite these advantages, the sympathetic blockade induced by spinal anaesthesia can result in hypotension, bradycardia, dysrhythmias and cardiac arrests. Conventionally, spinal anaesthesia is performed at the level of L3,4 interspace; with a reported incidence of hypotension in the elderly ranging between 65% and 69%. A possible …

General Practitioners' Awareness And Management Of Common Psychiatric Disorders: A Community-Based Survey From Karachi, Pakistan, H A. Naqvi, S Sabzwari, S Hussain, M Islam, M Zaman

Department of Psychiatry

This study assessed the knowledge and management of common psychiatric disorders by general practitioners (GPs) in Karachi, Pakistan. Structured interviews were carried out in 2009 with 360 GPs selected by cluster random sampling. Patients with psychiatric disorders were estimated to be up to 10% of the daily caseload according to 71.8% of doctors. Two-thirds of GPs were unaware of the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for depression and anxiety disorders. Benzodiazepines were the most recognized category of medication (75.3%) and were the most commonly used medication for all mental health conditions. Fewer GPs were familiar with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (35.1%) or …

The Effect Of Required Ipads On Library Use, Gary Kaplan, Mslis, Dorothy Berenbrok, Mslis, Daniel G. Kipnis, Msi, Helena Washington, Mls

Academic Commons and Scott Memorial Library Staff Papers and Presentations

OBJECTIVES

Measure the impact on Library use of a new requirement by anaccelerated, one-year nursing program that all students haveiPads loaded with the required texts and determine whether theLibrary should continue offering these books in print.

Poster presented at Medical Library Association Annual Conference, Seattle, WA 2012.

Pulmonary Hyalinising Granuloma: A Rare Pulmonary Disorder, Arsalan Rahatullah, Zeeshan Waheed, Javaid A Khan, Nasir-Ud-Din

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Pulmonary hyalinising granulomas are rare, noninfectious fibrosclerosing lesions of the lung which can mimic metastatic disease. It was first described in literature by Engleman et al in the year 1977. Its etiology is unknown but they may be caused by an exaggerated immune response. The patient typically presents with cough, chest pain. dyspnoea or haemoptysis in association with multiple bilateral parenchymal nodules. We report the case of a 20 years old male who presented with a 12-month history of worsening dry cough. His plain chest radiograph and subsequent CT scan revealed bilateral pulmonary nodules. A CT guided biopsy of the …

Ethanol Lock Therapy In The Treatment And Prevention Of Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections, Breanna Anderson

HIM 1990-2015

Ethanol lock therapy is a novel technique that is being studied for its efficacy in eradicating catheter related bloodstream infections. A systematic review of interdisciplinary studies from CINAHL, Medline, Academic Search Premier, Biological Abstracts, and Web of Knowledge databases was performed. This meta-analysis examined the findings of thirty-five studies on ethanol lock therapy. Twenty-six of these studies compared ethanol to a placebo and nine studies performed a direct comparison of ethanol to other agents frequently used in antimicrobial lock technique. Ethanol lock therapy was shown to be effective as both a prophylactic therapy and as an active treatment in eradicating …

Approaches In The Treatment Of Parkinson's Disease : A Focus On Stem Cell-Based Therapies., Tareq Al-Maqtari 1979-

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a hypokinetic movement disorder resulting from the progressive neurodegeneration of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system in the brain and the resulting imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine in the basal ganglia motor circuitry. Although drug-based therapy approaches have shown dramatic symptomatic improvement in patients, they do not halt the progressive nature of the disease and their long-term use is associated with distressing adverse side effects. Consequently, several studies have aimed at discovering effective non-pharmacological strategies to reduce or to eliminate the need for drugs and possibly to halt or to reverse the neurodegenerative process in PD. Surgical deep …

Genetic Ablation Of Cav1 Differentially Affects Melanoma Tumor Growth And Metastasis In Mice: Role Of Cav1 In Shh Heterotypic Signaling And Transendothelial Migration., Franco Capozza, Casey Trimmer, Remedios Castello-Cros, Sanjay Katiyar, Diana Whitaker-Menezes, Antonia Follenzi, Marco Crosariol, Gemma Llaverias, Federica Sotgia, Richard G Pestell, Michael P Lisanti

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous factors contribute to tumor growth and metastasis of melanoma. The function of caveolin-1 (Cav1), a multifunctional scaffold protein known to modulate several biologic processes in both normal tissue and cancer, has been recently investigated in melanoma cancer cells, but its role in the melanoma microenvironment remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that orthotopic implantation of B16F10 melanoma cells in the skin of Cav1KO mice increases tumor growth, and co-injection of Cav1-deficient dermal fibroblasts with melanoma cells is sufficient to recapitulate the tumor phenotype observed in Cav1KO mice. Using indirect coculture experiments with fibroblasts and melanoma cells …

Prevention Of Stone Migration With The Accordion During Endoscopic Ureteral Lithotripsy., Christopher J Pagnani, Magdy El Akkad, Demetrius H Bagley

Department of Urology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endoscopic lithotripsy is often prolonged secondary to the retrograde migration of calculous fragments. Various balloons, baskets, and other devices have been used to prevent this migration. Our purpose is to analyze the effect of the Accordion(®) on stone migration and overall efficiency during lithotripsy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 21 patients with a total of 23 distal ureteral stones. Patients underwent lithotripsy using an endoscopic impact lithotriptor. The Accordion was randomly used in 11 of these 21 patients. Data were collected regarding stone migration, stone size, stone ablation, ureteral clearing, and lengths of time for various …

Triage; A Literature Review Of Key Concepts, Khairulnissa Ajani

School of Nursing & Midwifery

The emergency department (ED)--sometimes termed the emergency room (ER), or the accident & emergency (A&E) department--in a hospital or primary care facility that provides initial treatment to patients with a broad spectrum of illnesses and injuries, some of which may be life-threatening or requiring immediate attention. The earliest patients-physician encounter is the triage doctor/nurse who completes the preliminary evaluation before transferring care to another area of the ED or a different department in the hospital. A strong triage system is the backbone of an efficient ED. It indicates that the staff is capable of differentiating critically ill from the sick, …

Managing Work-Role Transition: From Nurse Clinician To Nurse Educator, Shirin Rahim, Munira Prasla

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Change in any aspect of human life is often challenging and requires significant efforts for readjustment from the individual and could result in improving or worsening existing situation. Change in work-role is also a significant event in a person's life. Present study attempts to analyse management of work-role transition from clinical nurse to nurse educator. The study is based on systematic and critical review of articles that appeared in peer-reviewed Journals. Research articles were searched from databases CINAHL, PubMed, Sage, and Science Direct using various combinations of keywords. 20 shortlisted articles were subjected to analysis for common theme of work-role …

Hidden Voices Of Hermaphrodites, Zohra Asif Jetha, Nasreen Sulaiman Lalani, Gulnar Akber Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Gender is a psychological component which is given by the society to a person, while sex is a biological component which is awarded by the God. However, there are certain conditions in which the biological aspects are put to challenge with the social and psychological aspects of gender. Hermaphrodites are a third gender role, who is neither male or female man nor woman but contains the element of both. One may question that if they are neither male nor female then who they are and whether they are equally treated in our society. Looking at the challenges faced by hermaphrodites, …

Accuracy Of Diagnosis And Relationship With Quality Of Emergency Medicine Training Program, Muhammad Shahid, Kamran Hameed, Romaina Iqbal, Osama Afzal, Rooham Nakeer, Junaid Razzak

Department of Emergency Medicine

An indicator for emergency room performance is the ability to establish the correct diagnosis within the emergency room over the years. The authors chose to examine the non-congruence of Emergency Room diagnoses to that established after hospital stay for three selected years. A total of 8488 records were reviewed and all disparate diagnosis were recorded and categorized. Retrospective chart reviews were done from July 2008 to February 2009 at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. A substantial reduction in the percentage of disparate diagnoses was seen over the years from 41% in the initial year to 14% in the last …

Cost Effective Malaria Risk Control Using Remote Sensing And Environmental Data, Md Zahidur Rahman, Leonid Roytman, Abdel Hamid Kadik

Publications and Research

Malaria transmission in many part of the world specifically in Bangladesh and southern African countries is unstable and epidemic. An estimate of over a million cases is reported annually. Malaria is heterogeneous, potentially due to variations in ecological settings, socio-economic status, land cover, and agricultural practices. Malaria control only relies on treatment and supply of bed networks. Drug resistance to these diseases is widespread. Vector control is minimal. Malaria control in those countries faces many formidable challenges such as inadequate accessibility to effective treatment, lack of trained manpower, inaccessibility of endemic areas, poverty, lack of education, poor health infrastructure and …