Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Outcome In Schizophrenia: The Long-Term Good Outcome In Schizophrenia Is Not Yet Good Enough, Amresh Srivastava, Meghan Thakar

Psychiatry Presentations

The illness of schizophrenia has always been a matter of concern for its nature and extent of outcome particularly for its regional and cultural differences. The concept of outcome has been evolving and this study examines the scenario of good outcome in developing countries.

Outcome In Schizophrenia: How Good Is "Good Outcome" Schizophrenia In Long-Term In Developing Countries, Amresh Srivastava, Meghan Thakar, Nilesh Shah, Larry Stitt

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

Complexity And Limitations Of Stress-Endocrine Research In Mental Health, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Conjugate Vaccine On Bacterial Meningitis In The Dominican Republic, Ellen H. Lee, Miriam Corcino, Arelis Moore De Peralta, Zacarias Garib, Chabela Peña, Jacquelin Sánchez, Josefina Fernández, Jesús M. Feris-Iglesias, Brendan Flannery

Publications

OBJECTIVES:

Widespread use of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines has dramatically reduced the burden of Hib disease throughout the Americas. Few studies have evaluated the impact of Hib vaccination on non-culture-confirmed disease. This study analyzed trends in probable bacterial meningitis before and after the introduction of Hib vaccine in the Dominican Republic and estimated vaccine effectiveness against Hib meningitis.

METHODS:

Meningitis cases among children < 5 years of age were identified from admission records of the main pediatric hospital in Santo Domingo during 1998-2004. Laboratory criteria were used to classify meningitis cases with probable bacterial etiology; confirmed cases had positive bacterial culture or antigen detection in cerebrospinal fluid. Cumulative incidence rates of confirmed and probable bacterial meningitis were calculated for children living in the National District. Confirmed cases of Hib meningitis were enrolled in a case-control study with age- and neighborhood-matched control children to calculate vaccine effectiveness.

RESULTS:

Before vaccine introduction, annual rates of meningitis with probable bacterial etiology were 49 cases per 100 000 children < 5 years old; Hib accounted for 60% of confirmed bacterial cases. During 2002-2004, after vaccine introduction, annual rates of probable bacterial meningitis were 65% lower at 16 cases per 100 000, and Hib accounted for 26% of confirmed cases. Rates of Hib meningitis and probable bacterial meningitis with no determined etiology declined by 13 and 17 cases per 100 000, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Introduction of Hib vaccine substantially reduced the incidence of confirmed and probable bacterial meningitis in …

What's Happening: September, 2008, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Incidence Of Cancers Of The Oral Cavity And Pharynx Among American Indians And Alaska Natives, 1999–2004, Marsha E. Reichman, Janet J. Kelly, Carol L. Kosary, Steven S. Coughlin, Melissa Jim, Anne P. Lanier

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND. Previous studies identified disparities in incidence rates of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx between American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) and non-Hispanic whites (NHW) and differences between various AI/AN populations. Reporting among AI/AN has been hampered by: 1) heterogeneity among various anatomic sites of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers obscuring unique patterns of individual anatomic sites; 2) race misclassification and under-reporting of AI/AN; and 3) sparseness of data needed to identify regional variations.

METHODS. To improve race classification of AI/AN, data from US central cancer registries were linked with Indian Health Service (IHS) records. AI/AN incidence data …

Cancer In American Indian And Alaska Native Young Adults (Ages 20–44 Years): Us, 1999–2004, Hannah K. Weir, Melissa Jim, Loraine D. Marrett, Temeika L. Fairley

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND. An examination of cancer incidence patterns in American Indians and Alaska Native (AI/AN) young adults may provide insight into their present and future cancer burden.

METHODS. To reduce racial misclassification, incidence data were linked with the Indian Health Service (IHS) patient services database. Age-adjusted cancer incidence rates per 100,000 (AAR) and corresponding rate ratios (RR) for young adults (ages 20-44 years) were compared across IHS regions and for selected cancers within Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties by race (AI/AN vs non-Hispanic whites [NHW]) and sex.

RESULTS. The all-sites cancer incidence rate was lower for AI/ANs …

Gastric Cancer Among American Indians And Alaska Natives In The United States, 1999–2004, Charles Wiggins, David G. Perdue, Jeffrey A. Henderson, Michael G. Bruce, Anne P. Lanier, Janet J. Kelly, Brenda F. Seals, David K. Espey

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND. Gastric cancer incidence rates for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) historically have exceeded those for non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). Previous reports may have underestimated the true burden of gastric cancer in AI/AN populations because of misclassification of AI/AN race in cancer registries.

METHODS. Population-based cancer registry data from 1999 through 2004 were used to describe gastric cancer incidence in AI/ANs and NHWs in the US. To address misclassification of race, registry data were linked with Indian Health Service administrative records, and analyses were restricted to residents of Contract Health Service Delivery Areas (CHSDA). Disease patterns were assessed …

Questions And Answers: Keeping Herds Free From Bovine Tuberculosis And Protecting The Food Supply

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Questions:
What can I do to keep my herd bovine tuberculosis (TB)-free?
How can I make sure that the animals I buy come from a TB-free herd?
How can I make sure that the animals I buy have not been exposed to a TB-infected herd?
Are new animals introduced to my stockyard a threat?
How do I protect calves from disease exposure?
If there is a TB outbreak in my area, are there any additional biosecurity measures, above and beyond best practices that I should take to reduce the chance of my cows getting the disease?
What biosecurity measures can …

The Effect Of Caffeine Ingestion On Perception Of Muscle Pain During A Sustained Submaximal Isometric Contraction Of The Quadriceps, Eric E. Noreen, Caitlyn M. Barr, Marisa E. Mcneal, Daniel G. Drury

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an acute dose of 5 mg/kg of caffeine on perceived pain of the quadriceps during a sustained submaximal isometric contraction.

Methods: A total of 15 low caffeine consuming college aged women (20.5 ± 1.4 y, 66.0 ± 9.0 kg; mean ± SD) participated in this study. 2–7 d after a familiarization trial subjects ingested, in a double blind random crossover manner, either 5 mg/kg caffeine (Caf) or a placebo (P), 1 h prior to performing a 2 min isometric leg extension at 45% of peak torque using visual …

Vitamin D Deficiency In Ambulatory Patients, Lubna M Zuberi, Aysha Habib, Naeemul Haque, Abdul Jabbar

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in an ambulatory care setting.

METHODS: This was an observational study which measured 25 vitamin D levels in medical clinic patients. Patients with chronic renal failure, known osteomalacia and rickets were excluded. A total of 119 patients were evaluated. They were divided in three diagnostic categories based on their serum 25 vitamin D levels. Those with levels below 8 ng/ml were categorized to have severe deficiency, levels between 8 - 20 ng/ml as moderate deficiency and levels of 21-35 mg/ml as mild deficiency.

RESULTS: Of 119 patients, 92% had vitamin …

Subjective And Objective Napping And Sleep In Older Adults: Are Evening Naps “Bad” For Nighttime Sleep?, Natalie D. Dautovich, Christina S. Mccrae, Meredeth A. Rowe

Nursing Faculty Publications

Objectives: To compare objective and subjective measurements of napping, and to examine the relationship between evening napping and nocturnal sleep in older adults.

Design: For twelve days, participants wore actigraphs and completed sleep diaries.

Setting: Community

Participants: 100 individuals who napped, 60–89 years (including good and poor sleepers with typical age-related medical comorbidities).

Measurements: Twelve days of sleep diary and actigraphy provided subjective and objective napping and sleep data.

Results: Evening naps (within 2 hours of bedtime) were characteristic of the sample with peak nap time occurring between 20:30–21:00 (average nap time occurred between 14:30–15:00). Two categories of nappers were …

Primary Renal Lymphoma, Abdullah Ladha, Ghulam Haider

Section of Nephrology

A 62-year-old male patient presented with right flank pain and right renal mass on CT scan. Patient left against medical advice and had nephrectomy done elsewhere. Histopathology revealed a diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma. Patient presented again, with disseminated disease and was started on chemotherapy. Although a rare disorder, missing primary renal lymphoma as one of the causes of renal mass can lead to disseminated disease and unnecessary nephrectomy, in spite of chemotherapy being standard management.

Overexpression Of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 In Tumor Epithelial Cells Correlates With Colorectal Cancer Metastasis., David S Zuzga, Ahmara Vivian Gibbons, Peng Li, Wilhelm Johannes Lubbe, Inna Chervoneva, Giovanni Mario Pitari

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Colorectal cancer mortality largely reflects metastasis, the spread of the disease to distant organs. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is a key regulator of metastasis and a target for anticancer strategies in colon cancer. Here, the overexpression of MMP-9 in pure tumor epithelial, but nor stromal, cell populations was associated with metastatic progression of colorectal cancer, as defined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and confirmed by immunostaining. Thus, cancer cell MMP-9 represents a novel, selective prognostic and predictive factor that may be exploited for more effective disease stage stratification and therapeutic regimen selection in patients with colorectal cancer.

Rhabdomyosarcoma Embryonal Type: In A Three And A Half Year Old Girl, Ameer A Khowaja, Saqib Ali Gowani, Asmatullah Khan, Saulat H. Fatimi

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Rhadomyosarcoma is the most common tumour of the soft tissues in infants and children. We report a case of a 3 1/2 year old girl who presented with a swelling over the neck. Swelling was diagnosed as Rhabdomyosarcoma (embryonal type). Tumour mass was found to be unresectable initially. The patient was subjected to multiple courses of checmotherapy, which shrunk the tumour significantly. There was simultaneous development of cystic lesions in upper lobe of right lung. Excision of the remnant rhabdomyosarcoma mass and biopsy of right lung with cystectomy of right upper lobe cystic lesion was performed. The patient fully recovered …

Ada News - 09/01/2008, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Meaning And Occupational Engagement In A Day Program For Adults With Developmental Disabilities, Wanda Jean Mahoney

Occupational Therapy Program Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

"September 2008" A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Occupational Therapy. Typescript Project Advisor : Elysa Roberts Occupational justice recognizes that all people have the right to occupational engagement because it is through occupational engagement that people experience well-being. Occupational injustice occurs when outside forces prevent people from engaging in occupation, require participation in activities that they find meaningless, or prevent people from making choices about their occupations. People with developmental disabilities in a day program are at risk for occupational injustice because they require environmental support in order to engage in …

Β-Funaltrexamine Inhibits Inducible Nitric-Oxide Synthase Expression In Human Astroglial Cells, Randall L. Davis, Daniel J. Buck, Neda Saffarian, Shekhar Mohan, Udaya Desilva, Samodha C. Fernando, Craig W. Stevens

Samodha C. Fernando Publications

The inducible isoform of nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) is involved in neuropathogenesis associated with infection and disease in the brain. Hence, there is considerable interest in the identification of therapeutic interventions to prevent iNOS-mediated pathology. Astroglia are a major site of iNOS expression during neuropathogenesis. To mimic a key component of neuroinflammation, human A172 astroglial cells were exposed in vitro to a cytokine mixture containing interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-1β, resulting in significant iNOS expression. Next, we assessed the effects of the mu opioid receptor antagonist, β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA), on cytokine induced iNOS expression in human astroglia. β-FNA dose-dependently …

Review Of Oral Oxymorphone In The Management Of Pain, Paul Sloan

Anesthesiology Faculty Publications

Chronic cancer and nonmalignant pain (CNMP) is a common and major health problem afflicting approximately 40 million persons in the US. Most cancer patients, and many patients with CNMP, require opioid analgesics to obtain adequate pain relief. Oral oxymorphone is a new formulation of an existing parenteral opioid that has become available for the treatment of significant pain: acute postoperative, chronic arthritis, chronic low back, and chronic cancer pain. Oxymorphone is a typical mu-opioid agonist that is effective in both immediate- and extended-release (IR and ER) formulations. Oxymorphone is more lipid soluble than morphine, resulting in a rapid onset of …

The Dose-Response Of Nitrous Oxide In Postoperative Nausea In Patients Undergoing Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgery: A Preliminary Study., Boris Mraovic, Tatjana Simurina, Zdenko Sonicki, Neven Skitarelic, Tong J. Gan

Department of Anesthesiology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Whether nitrous oxide (N(2)O) increases the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery is still controversial, which may be due to the administration of different concentrations of inspired N(2)O. We investigated whether N(2)O results in a dose-response increase in PONV. METHODS: Patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic surgery were randomized to receive 30% oxygen with air (G0, n = 46), 50% N(2)O with oxygen (G50, n = 46), or 70% N(2)O with oxygen (G70, n = 45). A standardized general anesthetic was used with no PONV prophylaxis. Known risk factors for PONV were controlled. Metoclopramide was used …

The Failed Promise Of Workplace Health Regulation, David C. Vladeck

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Theory And Instrumentation Related To Potentised Homoeopathic Medicines∗†, T Maity, D Ghosh, C Mahata

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

This paper offers a theory for establishing the scientific basis of homoeopathic medicines followed by an instrumentation technique named as ′dielectric dispersion of ordered molecular groups of sugar of milk caused by potentised homoeo - medicines for verification of the proposed theory. Usually one studies anomalous dielectric dispersion of a material caused by intra-molecular binding forces of separate molecules. The authors of this paper extend this concept to ordered molecular groups. The theoretical analysis suggests that there will be anomalous dielectric dispersion at selected frequencies specific to shape, size and number of atoms in the ordered molecular group of the …

Pharmacognosy Of Prunus Laurocerasus Linn-A Homoeopathic Drug, P Rao, K Reddy, H Gupta

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Prunus laurocerasus L., a shrub belonging to family Rosaceae, is a well known drug in homoeopathy. Leaves are used as an antispasmodic, in heart diseases, for relief in nausea and as an ingredient in eye lotions. The leaves are coriaceous, dark green above and pale beneath, shortly petiolate; epidermal cells have distinctly thick, curved to wavy and sinuate sides; hypostomatic with anomocytic and anisocytic types of stomata. The mesophyll and midvein ground tissue possess characteristic sphaeraphidal idioblasts. Typical aerenchyma is present in ground tissue of leaf midvein and petiole. A layer of endodermis encloses the median arcuate vascular bundle of …

Ferrum Picricum: A Multicentric Clinical Verification Study Conducted By Ccrhfnx01, P Chakraborty, J Singh, M Rai, Pramodji Singh, A Vichitra, A.K.N. Singh, Deepa Chakraborty, D Singh, Hari Singh

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Ferrum picricum is mentioned in the homoeopathic literature for diseases/complaints like anaemia, malaria fever, impaired hearing, vertigo, epistaxis, tinnitus, loss of voice, indigestion, headache, tired feeling, sexual excesses, loss of blood, constipation, prostate enlargement, warts and corns2. These indications needs clarification. An open multicentric clinical study at various Institutes / Units under Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy was conducted to confirm the use of Ferrum picricum as mentioned in homoeopathic materia medica and to add to its drug picture. For this 3,465 patients were enrolled in the study. The study not only confirms the therapeutic use of the drug …

Role Of Cephalandra Indica Q In The Management Of Diabetes Mellitus As An Add-On Medicine Along With Conventional Antidiabetics, Hafeezullah Baig, S Sharma, Anita Sharma, Praveen Oberai, Debadatta Nayak, Alok Mishra

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Objective : To ascertain the role of Cephalandra indica Q, in the management of patients suffering from Diabetes mellitus (type I or type II) continuing on anti-diabetic treatment for maintenance of blood sugar levels and to identify its reliable indications. Material and Methods : An open, prospective, observational study was carried out during the period July 1992 - March 2000; 96 patients with post-prandial blood sugar level more than 160 mg/dL even after taking anti-diabetic medicine were enrolled for the study. All the patients were administered with Ceplalandra indica Q in the dosage, one drop per kilogram of their body …

Diabetes Mellitus – Defining Scope And Clinical Approach For Homoeopathic Management, N Tiwari, Prashant Tamboli

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

The study was undertaken to explore if there was a definite role of homoeopathic medicines in the management of Diabetes Type 2 and, if so, to determine the role of Constitutional and Organ remedies in its management. The comprehensive role of the individual susceptibility and miasm in the management of diabetes was also been studied. 90 patients were studied by Randomized Single Blind Clinical Trial by dividing them into three groups - Constitutional, Organ and Placebo. In the later part of the study the Cross over design was adopted between the Constitutional group and the Placebo group. Results showed that …

Shifts In Southern Wisconsin Forest Canopy And Understory Richness, Composition, And Heterogeneity, David A. Rogers, Thomas P. Rooney, Daniel Olson, Donald M. Waller

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

We resurveyed the under- and overstory species composition of 94 upland forest stands in southern Wisconsin in 2002–2004 to assess shifts in canopy and understory richness, composition, and heterogeneity relative to the original surveys in 1949–1950. The canopy has shifted from mostly oaks (Quercus spp.) toward more mesic and shade-tolerant trees (primarily Acer spp.). Oak-dominated early-successional stands and those on coarse, nutrient-poor soils changed the most in canopy composition. Understories at most sites (80%) lost native species, with mean species density declining 25% at the 1-m² scale and 23.1% at the 20-m² scale. Woody species have increased …

Labrad : Vol 33, Issue 3 - September 2008, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

LABRAD - Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Radiology Archives

• Vitamin D Deficiency: Are We Still Ignoring the Evidence?
• Collection and Transport of Urine for Culture
• Understanding and Interpreting Serum Protein Electrophoresis
• Cystic Fibrosis at a Glance
• What you need to know about Dengue Infection
• CT Colonoscopy: Introduction
• CT Enteroclysis: A New Technique to Evaluate Small Bowel
• CSF-DR: An Important Diagnostic Tool
• G6PD Quantification
• Quality Assurance
• Clinical Laboratory Continuing Medical Education (CME) Seminars
• Meeting Reports

Questions And Answers: Bovine Tuberculosis Signs And Symptoms

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Questions:

What is bovine tuberculosis (TB)?
What animals and species can it affect?
What are the symptoms of TB?
What should I do if my animals show these symptoms?
How does TB get into cattle herds?
Are dairies more susceptible to TB?
How does APHIS test for TB?
How many animals in the United States are tested for TB each year?
Typically, when are animals tested for TB?
Does wildlife spread TB to commercial cattle? W
hat is the risk of TB transmission from local wildlife?
How is TB being managed in wildlife?
How can I find out if the …

Shea/Apic Guideline: Infection Prevention And Control In The Long-Term Care Facility, Philip W. Smith, Gail Bennett, Suzanne Bradley, Paul Drinka, Ebbing Lautenbach, James Marx, Lona Mody, Lindsay Nicolle, Kurt Stevenson

United States Department of Veterans Affairs: Publications

Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) may be defined as institutions that provide health care to people who are unable to manage independently in the community.¹ This care may be chronic care management or short-term rehabilitative services. The term nursing home is defined as a facility licensed with an organized professional staff and inpatient beds that provides continuous nursing and other services to patients who are not in the acute phase of an illness. There is considerable overlap between the 2 terms.

More than 1.5 million residents reside in United States (US) nursing homes. In recent years, the acuity of illness …