Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Cd73-Generated Adenosine Restricts Lymphocyte Migration Into Draining Lymph Nodes, Masahide Takedachi, Dongfeng Qu, Yukihiko Ebisuno, Hiroyuki Oohara, Michelle L Joachims, Stephanie T Mcgee, Emiko Maeda, Rodger P Mcever, Toshiyuki Tanaka, Masayuki Miyasaka, Shinya Murakami, Thomas Krahn, Michael R Blackburn, Linda F Thompson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

After an inflammatory stimulus, lymphocyte migration into draining lymph nodes increases dramatically to facilitate the encounter of naive T cells with Ag-loaded dendritic cells. In this study, we show that CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) plays an important role in regulating this process. CD73 produces adenosine from AMP and is expressed on high endothelial venules (HEV) and subsets of lymphocytes. Cd73(-/-) mice have normal sized lymphoid organs in the steady state, but approximately 1.5-fold larger draining lymph nodes and 2.5-fold increased rates of L-selectin-dependent lymphocyte migration from the blood through HEV compared with wild-type mice 24 h after LPS administration. Migration rates of …

Enterococcus Faecalis Pcfc, A Spatially Localized Substrate Receptor For Type Iv Secretion Of The Pcf10 Transfer Intermediate, Yuqing Chen, Xiaolin Zhang, Dawn Manias, Hye-Jeong Yeo, Gary M Dunny, Peter J Christie

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Upon sensing of peptide pheromone, Enterococcus faecalis efficiently transfers plasmid pCF10 through a type IV secretion (T4S) system to recipient cells. The PcfF accessory factor and PcfG relaxase initiate transfer by catalyzing strand-specific nicking at the pCF10 origin of transfer sequence (oriT). Here, we present evidence that PcfF and PcfG spatially coordinate docking of the pCF10 transfer intermediate with PcfC, a membrane-bound putative ATPase related to the coupling proteins of gram-negative T4S machines. PcfC and PcfG fractionated with the membrane and PcfF with the cytoplasm, yet all three proteins formed several punctate foci at the peripheries of pheromone-induced cells as …

Transmission Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1) And Its Effect On The Survival Of Juvenile Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Mark J. Butler Iv, Donald C. Behringer Jr., Jeffrey D. Shields

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus, an important fisheries species, is host to Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1), a lethal, unclassified virus-the first found in any species of lobster-prevalent in juvenile lobsters. We describe a series of laboratory experiments aimed at assessing the likely modes of disease transmission, determining the survival of lobsters relative to each transmission pathway and identifying potential alternate hosts. Given evidence for lower prevalence of PaV1 in large lobsters, the effect of lobster size on susceptibility was also examined. Results demonstrated that PaV1 can be transmitted to juvenile lobsters via inoculation, ingestion of diseased tissue, contact …

Trypanosoma Brucei Rhodesiense Transmitted By A Single Tsetse Fly Bite In Vervet Monkeys As A Model Of Human African Trypanosomiasis, John K. Thuita, John M. Kagira, David Mwangangi, Enock Matovu, C. M.R. Turner, Daniel Masiga

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

We have investigated the pathogenicity of tsetse (Glossina pollidipes)-transmitted cloned strains of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in velvet monkeys. Tsetse files were confirmed to have mature trypanosome infections by xenodiagnosis, after which nine monkeys were infected via the bite of a single infected fly. Chancres developed in five of the nine (55.6%) monkeys within 4 to 8 days post infection (dpi). All nine individuals were successfully infected, with a median pre-patent period of 4 (range = 4-10) days, indicating that trypanosomes migrated from the site of fly bite to the systemic circulation rapidly and independently of the development of the chancre. …

Cardiac Tamponade After Removal Of Temporary Pace Maker In Multidiscipinary Intensive Care Unit, Muhammad Faisal Khan, Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi

Department of Medicine

Cardiac tamponade is a medical and surgical emergency, which needs early recognition and treatment. Myocardial perforation leading to cardiac tamponade is a rare complication after pace maker insertion. We are reporting a case of cardiac tamponade after removal of temporary pace maker in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit.

Art Made By Native American Women With Breast Cancer, Hanni Woelk

EVMS School of Health Professions Theses & Dissertations

This study sought to find recurrent themes in artwork made by Native American women with breast cancer. The hypothesis of this analysis stated that a theme concerning body image would emerge. Subjects were found through the “Healing Pathways: Art for Survivors” workshop in which art therapy tasks were given to Native American cancer survivors. Analysis of the artwork occurred using situational content analysis from a grounded theory perspective. Results found many recurrent themes in the participant’s artwork, but did not support the hypothesis that body image was a concern. Themes concerning the self, anxiety, religion, and the body were found …

Raising Girls’ Self-Esteem: An Art Therapy Approach Using Photography, Alison Mcallister

EVMS School of Health Professions Theses & Dissertations

American girls’ self-esteem plummets around age 12, negatively affecting various aspects of their lives. This group art therapy research study explored the effectiveness of the use of photography in raising girls’ self-esteem. The study included seven girls between the ages of 10 and 12 in their fifth grade year. The participants attended six group sessions over an 8 week period. The study utilized a mixed methods design and data collection came from the Coopersmith Self-Esteem inventory, taped interviews, and analysis of artwork. Comparison of Coopersmith pretest and posttest scores indicates that the majority of participants made gains in the total …

Prostate Cancer Patients’ Physiological Responses To Coloring A Mandala Or Working A Maze Puzzle, John Daniel Lorance Jr.

EVMS School of Health Professions Theses & Dissertations

Prostate cancer presents the patient with numerous stressors including diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, possible income hardship, and social implications. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of a known stress-reducing art task on levels of stress, anxiety and immunity. Four participants diagnosed with prostate cancer were randomly assigned to either a control group that worked a maze puzzle or an experimental group that colored a pre-designed mandala. Pretest-posttest measurements included psychological and physiological indicators of stress, anxiety and immunity. In summary, coloring a pre-designed mandala enhanced immunity and significantly lowered levels of anxiety. This randomized, controlled investigation …

Integrating Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy Into Art Therapy: Depression Treatment In Juvenile Justice Settings, Elizabeth Illig

EVMS School of Health Professions Theses & Dissertations

This single case mixed methods research study integrated Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) into art therapy in the treatment of incarcerated adolescents experiencing a depressed mood. The review of the literature focused on depression treatment as approached by REBT practitioners and art therapists, and revealed that an integration of these approaches had not been previously attempted. Before the study commenced the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale-2 was administered to both participants. Then individual REBT-enhanced art therapy sessions were conducted. After the conclusion of these sessions the RADS-2 was re-administered, an exit interview conducted, and a formal analysis of the artwork was …

A Content Analysis Of Acculturating Hispanics’ Artwork: Implications For Art Therapy, Sarah Bufogle

EVMS School of Health Professions Theses & Dissertations

Research in art therapy and other mental health fields on Hispanics is limited. In an attempt to further understand Hispanics and the impact of the acculturation process, this study explores similarities and/or differences between the content of drawings of Hispanics who have lived in the United States for 7 years or less and non-Hispanics. Participants consisted of 9 Hispanics and 11 non-Hispanics. A content analysis of the Free Choice Drawing was utilized to determine graphic differences between drawings of both groups. It was hypothesized that there might be considerable visual differences between drawings by acculturating Hispanics and by non-Hispanics.

The …

Current Significance Of Meconium Plug Syndrome., Scott J. Keckler, Shawn D. St Peter, Troy L. Spilde, Kuojen Tsao, Daniel J. Ostlie, G W. Holcomb Iii, Charles L. Snyder

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: The significance of meconium plug syndrome is dependent on the underlying diagnosis. The incidence of pathologic finding, particularly Hirschsprung's disease, contributing to the presence of these plugs, has been debated. However, there are little recent data in the literature. Therefore, we reviewed our experience with meconium plugs as a cause of abdominal distension to evaluate the associated conditions and incidence of Hirschsprung's disease.

METHODS: We reviewed the records of newborns with meconium plugs found in the distal colon on contrast enema from 1994 to 2007. Demographics, radiologic findings, histologic findings, operative findings, and clinical courses were reviewed.

RESULTS: During …

A Family With Acute Intermittent Porphyria, Abdul Gaffar Billoo, Saira Waqar Lone

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Porphyrias are inherited defects in heme metabolism that result in excessive secretion of porphyrins and porphyrin precursors. Porphyrias can be classified into acute, (neuropsychiatric), cutaneous and mixed forms. There are seven main types of porphyrias; acute intermittent porphyria and plumboporphyria are predominantly neuropsychiatric; congenital erythropoietic porphyria, porphyria cutanea tarda and erythropoietic protoporphyria have predominantly cutaneous manifestations and hereditary coproporphyria and variegate porphyria are classified as mixed as they both have neuropsychiatric and cutaneous features. They cause life-threatening attacks of neurovisceral symptoms that mimic many other acute medical and psychiatric conditions. Lack of clinical recognition often delays effective treatment, and inappropriate …

Polymerization Efficiency Of Glass-Ionomer And Resin Adhesives Under Molar Bands, Daniel John Rejman, Theodore Eliades, T. Gerard Bradley, George Eliades

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: To determine the degree of cure of a light-cured resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) under molar bands compared with a light-cured resin and a dual-cured resin.

Materials and Methods: The 3 cements used were Fuji Ortho LC, Eagle Spectrum resin, and Variolink II dual-cure. Each sample was indirectly light cured for 20 seconds (10 seconds occlusally, 10 seconds cervically) under sections of molar bands, and the degree of cure was evaluated with micro-MIR FTIR spectroscopy.

Results: The RMGI exhibited a significantly higher mean degree of cure (55.31%) than both of the resins (Eagle 19.23%; Variolink II, 25.42%), which did not …

An Exploration Of The Effects Of An Arm Movement Intervention Upon Artwork: Implications For Art Therapy, Alicia K. Hurst

EVMS School of Health Professions Theses & Dissertations

Why have pioneers of art therapy and modern art therapists discussed the importance of body movement in art therapy and yet not one study has been conducted to test its benefits? How can an art therapist overlook body movement in an art therapy session when one must move in order to create art? Observing the need for more research in this area, this study explored how body movement may affect art using one of Florence Cane’s (1951/1983) arm exercises and the scribble technique.

Four adult volunteers were individually videotaped while completing the scribble technique, then the arm exercise, and then …

Art Therapy With Native American Cancer Survivors: An Observation Of Nonverbal Communication Styles, Kathryn Dengler

EVMS School of Health Professions Theses & Dissertations

There is a high morbidity rate among Native American women with breast cancer. Research suggests that traditional beliefs in addition to miscommunication within the healthcare setting may affect the treatment Natives receive. This study observed the nonverbal communication patterns of ten Native American cancer survivors participating in an art psychoeducational workshop. Mapping techniques and situational analysis were used to observe nonverbal communication patterns during the workshop. It was hypothesized that Native Americans would use nonverbal cues more readily than verbal communication.

The results of the study supported the hypothesis. Nonverbal cues were the primary means of communication throughout the workshop. …

Guidelines For Group Art Therapy Videos: Connecting Group Process With Production, Sarah D. E. Newton

EVMS School of Health Professions Theses & Dissertations

Group art therapy professionals, educators, and students have limited resources available to enhance learning and professional practice. Video productions and literature about group art therapy have seemingly decreased over the past 10 years. Due to the limited number of group art therapy videos, few resources exist for training purposes. This study employed an exploratory mixed-method design with a preliminary qualitative analysis of currently available group psychotherapy and group art therapy videos and follow-up quantitative analysis of a needs assessment from group art therapy educators. It was hypothesized that the survey results will demonstrate a generalized dissatisfaction among art therapy educators …

Social Health Insurance: Can We Ever Make A Case For Pakistan, Farina G Abrejo, Babar Tasneem Shaikh

Community Health Sciences

Social Health Insurance has been used as an approach to increase efficiency of healthcare system and consumer satisfaction in provision of healthcare services. Many developed countries have successfully planned and implemented insurance models which provide almost universal coverage and addresses issues of equity. The phenomenon is established however, developing countries especially Eastern Mediterranean region is still struggling to present one successful model of social health insurance which can be compared with European or Scandinavian countries. Pakistan likewise faces huge challenges in public sector healthcare provision and considerable proportion of population prefers to go to private sector. Quality of care, access …

Visual Journaling: An Intervention To Influence Stress, Anxiety And Affect Levels In Medical Students, Amanda Patton

EVMS School of Health Professions Theses & Dissertations

Research has shown that medical students suffer from higher levels of stress and anxiety than the general population, increasing their risk of health problems, mental illness and suicide. This study looked at the effects of visual journaling as a possible stress reduction technique. Visual journaling combines written journaling, which has been shown to reduce stress and anxiety, and artmaking, which has been shown to improve mood. Five students and five staff members attending or working at Eastern Virginia Medical School participated in the research. The study consisted of an initial session, which involved participants completing pretests of the State-Trait Anxiety …

Clinical Profile And Outcome Of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease In Neonates, Khadija N Humayun, Mehnaz Atiq

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical profile and assess the outcome of all neonates diagnosed with cyanotic congenital heart disease.

STUDY DESIGN: A case series.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The Aga Khan University Hospital from January 1998 to December 2000.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Neonates admitted with diagnosis of cyanotic congenital heart disease were evaluated for clinical diagnosis, survival and mortality.

RESULTS: Forty four neonates met the inclusion criteria. Eleven babies (25%) had Tetralogy of Fallot or its variants. Other malformations were d-transposition of great arteries, tricuspid valve anomalies (tricuspid atresia and Ebstein's anomaly), hypoplastic left heart syndrome, truncus arteriosus, total …

Nutritional Analyses Of Intuitive Eaters As Compared To Dieters, Anne Wilson Banks

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Rates of obesity in the United States have been increasing despite an increase of dieters. A new paradigm, intuitive eating, has been introduced to counter the negative effects of dieting. Intuitive eating has not been compared to dieters on a nutritional level, however. The main purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional differences between intuitive eaters and dieters.

Participants were asked to complete questionnaires regarding food consumption and attitudes about eating. Participants (N = 32) were then classified as intuitive eaters or dieters and asked to complete six, 24-hr food logs. Data received from these food logs were …

Dietary Folate, Other B-Vitamins And Incident Alzheimer's Disease: The Cache County Memory, Health, And Aging Study, Chailyn Nelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study involves data from the Cache County Study, which began in 1994 with joined efforts by Duke University, Utah State University, and Johns Hopkins University. It consisted of 5,092 participants from Cache County, Utah, located in the northern part of the state. Characteristics of the population include high participation rates (~ 90%), a majority of participants are members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, longer life expectancy than the general US population, a greater than 80% rate of at least a high school education, and low rates of migration.

Subjects cognitive status was screened using the …

Pathophysiology Of Arbroviral Encephalitides In Laboratory Rodents, Aaron L. Olsen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) is an arboviral pathogen naturally found in North America. The primary disease phenotype associated with WEEV infection in susceptible hosts is a relatively long prodromal period followed by viral encephalitis. By contrast, in the current work, experimental inoculation of WEEV into the peritoneum of Syrian golden hamsters produced rapid death within approximately 96 h. It was determined that direct virus killing of lymphoid cells leads to death in WEEV-infected Syrian golden hamsters, and that inflammatory cytokines have the potential to enhance virus-induced lymphoid cell destruction. It was further concluded that WEEV retains its ability to …

Glycemic Load And Risk Of Alzheimer's Disease: The Cache County Study On Memory, Health, And Aging, Eun Young Choi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Carbohydrates are a major energy source for the human body and particularly glucose is the only energy source for the brain. Thus glucose metabolism is important to maintain normal brain function. Evidence showed insulin resistance and diabetes are associated with cognitive decline and a large amount of highly processed carbohydrate intake; in other words, a high glycemic load diet, which increases blood glucose faster and insulin demand, is associated with increased risk of insulin resistance and diabetes.

Based on this premise, the hypothesis that a high glycemic load (GL) diet increases the risk of incident Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was examined …

Interrelation Of Inflammation And App In Sibm: Il-1 Beta Induces Accumulation Of Beta-Amyloid In Skeletal Muscle., Jens Schmidt, Konstanze Barthel, Arne Wrede, Mohammad Salajegheh, Mathias Bähr, Marinos C Dalakas

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Distinct interrelationships between inflammation and beta-amyloid-associated degeneration, the two major hallmarks of the skeletal muscle pathology in sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM), have remained elusive. Expression of markers relevant for these pathomechanisms were analysed in biopsies of sIBM, polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), dystrophic and non-myopathic muscle as controls, and cultured human myotubes. By quantitative PCR, a higher upregulation was noted for the mRNA-expression of CXCL-9, CCL-3, CCL-4, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in sIBM muscle compared to PM, DM and controls. All inflammatory myopathies displayed overexpression of degeneration-associated markers, yet only in sIBM, expression of the mRNA of amyloid precursor …

Emergency Eye Care From The Heart: Care Of Chemical Injury To The Eyes, Registered Nurses, Wills Eye At Jefferson Emergency Department

Jefferson Hospital Nurses Week

No abstract provided.

The Experience Of Volunteering For Hurricane Katrina Relief / Theoretical Explanations For Nurses’ Involvement As Volunteers In Global Disasters, Deborah Ulmer

Theses and Dissertations

This study is about the nature of nurses' decision making related to volunteering to provide humanitarian aid in a major national disaster. Additionally, it is about the lived experience of nurses who volunteered in that disaster. It is a transcendental phenomenological study using the approach of Clarke Moustakas and the purpose of the study was to describe the experiences of the nurses, their reasons for volunteering, and the impact of their experience on their lives several years later.

Dna Synthesis From Unbalanced Nucleotide Pools Causes Limited Dna Damage That Triggers Atr-Chk1-Dependent P53 Activation, Kedar Hastak, Rajib K. Paul, Mukesh K. Agarwal, Vijay S. Thakur, Arm R. Amin, Sudesh Agrawal, R. Michael Sramkoski, James W. Jacobberger, Mark W. Jackson, George R. Stark, Munna L. Agarwal

Pharmaceutical Science and Research

p53-dependent G₁ and G₂ cell cycle checkpoints are activated in response DNA damage that help to maintain genomic stability. p53 also helps to protect cells from damage that occurs during S phase, for example, when the cells are starved for DNA precursors or irradiated with a low dose of UV. p53 is activated in normal cells starved for pyrimidine nucleotides by treatment with N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA). The treated cells progress through a first S phase with kinetics similar to those of untreated cells. However, the DNA of the treated cells begins to become damaged rapidly, within 12 h, …

Download The Pdf Of The Entire Issue: Jefferson Surgical Solutions Vol. 3, Issue 1, Spring 2008

Jefferson Surgical Solutions

No abstract provided.

Jss Editorial Board & Credits

Jefferson Surgical Solutions

No abstract provided.

News In Brief

Jefferson Surgical Solutions

No abstract provided.