Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Acquisition Of A Natural Resistance Gene Renders A Clinical Strain Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Resistant To The Synthetic Antibiotic Linezolid, Seok-Ming Toh, Liqun Xiong, Cesar A Arias, Maria V Villegas, Karen Lolans, John Quinn, Alexander S Mankin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Linezolid, which targets the ribosome, is a new synthetic antibiotic that is used for treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens. Clinical resistance to linezolid, so far, has been developing only slowly and has involved exclusively target site mutations. We have discovered that linezolid resistance in a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus hospital strain from Colombia is determined by the presence of the cfr gene whose product, Cfr methyltransferase, modifies adenosine at position 2503 in 23S rRNA in the large ribosomal subunit. The molecular model of the linezolid-ribosome complex reveals localization of A2503 within the drug binding site. The natural function of …

Myopericytoma Of The Oral Cavity, Vivekanand Datta, Yeshwant B. Rawal, Harry H. Mincer, Mark K. Anderson

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Background.

Myopericytoma is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm of pericytic cells demonstrating myoid differentiation. The lesion typically arises within the subcutaneous tissue of the extremities. We report a case that, to the best of our knowledge, is the first case of myopericytoma involving the soft tissue of the oral cavity.

Methods.

A 36-year-old woman had a 5-mm sessile, whitish-pink, firm tongue nodule. The patient underwent excisional biopsy, and histopathologic examination as well as immunohistochemical analysis were performed.

Results.

The differential diagnosis by histologic analysis included solitary fibrous tumor, myofibroma, glomus tumor, and myopericytoma. The results of immunohistochemical analysis, when combined with …

Root Fracture In Immature Tooth: Report Of A Case, H. Cem Güngör, Bülent Büyükgüral, Serdar Uysal

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Root fracture injuries affect 0.5–7% of permanent teeth. Although this type of injury is rarely seen in teeth with immature root formation, the prognosis is generally good depending on the site of the fracture. A case report of horizontal root fracture in maxillary central incisor of an 8-year and 3-month-old girl and its treatment was presented.

Effects Of Two Parkinson’S Disease Patient Education Models On Disease Self-Management And Quality Of Life, Lorraine Pearl-Kraus

Dissertations

Purpose. To compare the effects of Parkinson's Disease Collaborative Care (PDCC) and Parkinson's Disease Information Training (PDIT) patient education disease-management models on patients' (a) perceived self-efficacy in PD self-management, and (b) self-reported perceived PD-Health Related Quality of Life.

Methods. 41 middle-stage (Hoehn & Yahr Stages 2 & 3) patients (24 males & 17 females; age range 48-78; mean 67.59 years) were randomized to the PDCC (n = 21) or PDIT (n = 20) group. Prior to inception, 3 withdrew; after the first session, 3 more withdrew. Participants in both groups attended three consecutive weekly, 2-hour patient education sessions with presenters …

Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Treatment For Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis., James N Weinstein, Jon D Lurie, Tor D Tosteson, Brett Hanscom, Anna N A Tosteson, Emily A Blood, Nancy J O Birkmeyer, Alan Hilibrand, Harry Herkowitz, Frank P Cammisa, Todd J Albert, Sanford E Emery, Lawrence G Lenke, William A Abdu, Michael Longley, Thomas J Errico, Serena S Hu

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: Management of degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis is controversial. Surgery is widely used, but its effectiveness in comparison with that of nonsurgical treatment has not been demonstrated in controlled trials.

METHODS: Surgical candidates from 13 centers in 11 U.S. states who had at least 12 weeks of symptoms and image-confirmed degenerative spondylolisthesis were offered enrollment in a randomized cohort or an observational cohort. Treatment was standard decompressive laminectomy (with or without fusion) or usual nonsurgical care. The primary outcome measures were the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form General Health Survey (SF-36) bodily pain and physical function scores (100-point scales, …

Trading Places: Real Choice Systems Change Grants And The Movement To Community-Based Long-Term Care Supports, Cynthia Shirk

National Health Policy Forum

The Real Choice Systems Change grant program was created to help states transform their long-term care service systems from ones that rely on institutions to ones that are more community-based. The grants are intended to help states develop the infrastructure needed for seniors and individuals with disabilities to live in integrated community settings. This issue brief provides information about Systems Change grants and the kinds of activities state Medicaid agencies have undertaken to transform their institutionally based systems. In addition, this paper reports on some of the qualitative and quantitative responses to the changes. This brief also raises critical policy …

Transcultural Nursing Care Journey To Ecuador: Designing A Transcultural Education Course For Registered Nurses, Debra S. Zaffke

Theses and Graduate Projects

This paper describes an educational program for Registered Nurses to learn transcultural nursing care while in Ecuador. The program is based on Leininger's Culture Care Diversity and Universality nursing theory. The project framework is based on her Sunrise Enabler to Discover Culture Care. The Observation-Participation-Reflection enabler from Leininger's ethnonursing research methods is utilized as a technique to learn about the people and lifeways of Ecuador and it serves as a reliable tool to tease out information that relates to the general principles of transcultural care nursing. The paper outlines the necessity of transcultrual nursing education for practicing nurses, the scope …

Crystal Structure Of The Vibrio Cholerae Quorum-Sensing Regulatory Protein Hapr, Rukman S. De Silva, Gabriela Kovacikova, Wei Lin, Ronald K. Taylor, Karen Skorupski, F. Jon Kull

Dartmouth Scholarship

Quorum sensing in Vibrio cholerae involves signaling between two-component sensor protein kinases and the response regulator LuxO to control the expression of the master regulator HapR. HapR, in turn, plays a central role in regulating a number of important processes, such as virulence gene expression and biofilm formation. We have determined the crystal structure of HapR to 2.2-Å resolution. Its structure reveals a dimeric, two-domain molecule with an all-helical structure that is strongly conserved with members of the TetR family of transcriptional regulators. The N-terminal DNA-binding domain contains a helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif and alteration of certain residues in this domain …

Electrophysiological And Morphological Heterogeneity Of Slow Firing Neurons In Medial Septal/Diagonal Band Complex As Revealed By Cluster Analysis, E. R. Garrido-Sanabria, M. G. Perez, C. Banuelos, T. Reyna, S. Hernandez, María Teresa Castañeda Licón, Luis V. Colom

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Slow firing septal neurons modulate hippocampal and neocortical functions. Electrophysiologically, it is unclear whether slow firing neurons belong to a homogeneous neuronal population. To address this issue, whole-cell patch recordings and neuronal reconstructions were performed on rat brain slices containing the medial septum/diagonal band complex (MS/DB). Slow firing neurons were identified by their low firing rate at threshold (< 5Hz) and lack of time-dependent inward rectification (Ih). Unsupervised cluster analysis was used to investigate whether slow firing neurons could be further classified into different subtypes. The parameters used for the cluster analysis included latency for first spike, slow afterhyperpolarizing potential, maximal frequency and action potential (AP) decay slope. Neurons were grouped into three major subtypes. The majority of neurons (55%) were grouped as cluster I. Cluster II (17% of neurons) exhibited longer latency for generation of the first action potential (246.5±20.1 ms). Cluster III (28% of neurons) exhibited higher maximal firing frequency (25.3±1.7 Hz) when compared to cluster I (12.3±0.9 Hz) and cluster II (11.8±1.1 Hz) neurons. Additionally, cluster III neurons exhibited faster action potentials at suprathreshold. Interestingly, cluster II neurons were frequently located in the medial septum whereas neurons in cluster I and III appeared scattered throughout all MS/DB regions. Sholl’s analysis revealed a more complex dendritic arborization in cluster III neurons. Cluster I and II neurons exhibited characteristics of “true” slow firing neurons whereas cluster III neurons exhibited higher frequency firing patterns. Several neurons were labeled with a cholinergic marker, Cy3-conjugated 192 IgG (p75NTR), and cholinergic neurons were found to be distributed among the three clusters. Our findings indicate that slow firing medial septal neurons are heterogeneous and that soma location is an important determinant of their electrophysiological properties. Thus, slow firing neurons from different septal regions have distinct functional properties, most likely related to their diverse connectivity.

P53 Activation By Knockdown Technologies, Mara E. Robu, Jon D. Larson, Aidas Nasevicius, Soraya Beiraghi, Charles Brenner

Dartmouth Scholarship

Morpholino phosphorodiamidate antisense oligonucleotides (MOs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are commonly used platforms to study gene function by sequence-specific knockdown. Both technologies, however, can elicit undesirable off-target effects. We have used several model genes to study these effects in detail in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Using the zebrafish embryo as a template, correct and mistargeting effects are readily discernible through direct comparison of MO-injected animals with well-studied mutants. We show here indistinguishable off-targeting effects for both maternal and zygotic mRNAs and for both translational and splice-site targeting MOs. The major off-targeting effect is mediated through p53 activation, as detected …

9th Annual Pacific Research Day Abstracts, University Of The Pacific

Excellence Day

No abstract provided.

Essential Elements Of A Defense-Review Of Dna Testing Results, Dan E. Krane

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Trans-Snare Complex Assembly And Yeast Vacuole Membrane Fusion, Kevin M. Collins, William T. Wickner

Dartmouth Scholarship

cis-SNARE complexes (anchored in one membrane) are disassembled by Sec17p (α-SNAP) and Sec18p (NSF), permitting the unpaired SNAREs to assemble in trans. We now report a direct assay of trans-SNARE complex formation during yeast vacuole docking. SNARE complex assembly and fusion is promoted by high concentrations of the SNARE Vam7p or Nyv1p or by addition of HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting), a Ypt7p (Rab)-effector complex with a Sec1/Munc18-family subunit. Inhibitors that target Ypt7p, HOPS, or key regulatory lipids prevent trans-SNARE complex assembly and ensuing fusion. Strikingly, the lipid ligand MED (myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate effector domain) or …

Bladder Inflammatory Transcriptome In Response To Tachykinins: Neurokinin 1 Receptor-Dependent Genes And Transcription Regulatory Elements, Ricardo Saban, Cindy Simpson, Rajanikanth Vadigepalli, Sylvie Memet, Igor Dozmorov, Marcia R. Saban

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Background Tachykinins (TK), such as substance P, and their neurokinin receptors which are ubiquitously expressed in the human urinary tract, represent an endogenous system regulating bladder inflammatory, immune responses, and visceral hypersensitivity. Increasing evidence correlates alterations in the TK system with urinary tract diseases such as neurogenic bladders, outflow obstruction, idiopathic detrusor instability, and interstitial cystitis. However, despite promising effects in animal models, there seems to be no published clinical study showing that NK-receptor antagonists are an effective treatment of pain in general or urinary tract disorders, such as detrusor overactivity. In order to search for therapeutic targets that could …

Ada News - 05/21/2007, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - 2007 - 133rd Commencement, Office Of The Registrar, Lsu Health Sciences Center-No

Graduation & Commencement Programs

The program for the 133rd Commencement of LSU Health Sciences Center - New Orleans held May 19, 2007.

Evaluation Of Student Perceived Self-Efficacy With The Implementation Of A Problem-Based Learning Module, Joel David Romero

Master's Projects

To facilitate the graduation of competent registered nurses, healthcare educators must create learning environments that foster content expertise, problem solving, collaboration, and refined learning skills. Although countless teaching strategies are in existence today, problem-based learning (PBL) has revealed noteworthy potential in healthcare education. In PBL, complex, reality-based problems are used as motivation for students to identify salient concepts, gather data, and ultimately work through posed problems. Considerable evidence supports the use of PBL as a method to promote learning, though examining knowledge alone cannot always assess actual behavioral performance. To ascertain the likelihood learned concepts would be utilized in practice, …

Agrobacterium Para/Mind-Like Virc1 Spatially Coordinates Early Conjugative Dna Transfer Reactions, Krishnamohan Atmakuri, Eric Cascales, Oliver T Burton, Lois M Banta, Peter J Christie

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Agrobacterium tumefaciens translocates T-DNA through a polar VirB/D4 type IV secretion (T4S) system. VirC1, a factor required for efficient T-DNA transfer, bears a deviant Walker A and other sequence motifs characteristic of ParA and MinD ATPases. Here, we show that VirC1 promotes conjugative T-DNA transfer by stimulating generation of multiple copies per cell of the T-DNA substrate (T-complex) through pairwise interactions with the processing factors VirD2 relaxase, VirC2, and VirD1. VirC1 also associates with the polar membrane and recruits T-complexes to cell poles, the site of VirB/D4 T4S machine assembly. VirC1 Walker A mutations abrogate T-complex generation and polar recruitment, …

Welcome To Our Newest Senior Scholars

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Subscribe To American Journal Of Medical Quality

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Department Of Health Policy Presentations And Publications

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Delaware Valley Schweitzer Fellowship Program Update, Nicole M. Cobb

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

The Growing Need For Managed Care -- And Flexible Care Models -- In Medicaid And Long-Term Care Programs, Arthur Pelberg

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Shape-It: The Stroke , Hypertension, And Prostate Education Intervention Team, Michael P. Rosenthal

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Medication Safety: Who's Accountable?, Hedy Cohen

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Practice-Based, Guided Self-Assessment For Improved Patients Care: Performance Improvement Cme, Jeanne G. Cole

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Allhat: An Example For Observing Early Guideline Adoption Patterns

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Sunshine Is The Best Disinfectant, Bettina Berman, David B. Nash

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Strategic Planning For Environmental Stewardship At Eastern Kentucky University, Steven Konkel, Robert S. Weise, Alan Banks, Danita Lasage, Joseph Beck, James Street, Charles L. Elliott, Barbara Szubinska, Robert B. Frederick, Melinda S. Wilder, Robert Huston, Rebecca Jones, Alice L. Jones, Kyle Moon

Environmental Health Science Faculty and Staff Research

The 2006-2010 Strategic Plan for Eastern Kentucky University, under Strategic Direction 5.4, mandates the formulation of a plan to guide the University toward greater environmental stewardship. The creation and implementation of that plan is the charge of the Eastern Committee on Responsible Environmental Stewardship (ECRES), which was formed in September of 2005. On October 27th, 2006, ECRES hosted a Strategic Planning Workshop. This workshop brought together a wide range of participants, including elected officials, college and university representatives, and interested citizens. The result was a broad consensus in the identification of environmental goals and objectives toward which EKU should strive.

Cetaceans Have Complex Brains For Complex Cognition, Lori Marino, Richard C. Connor, R. Ewan Fordyce, Louis M. Herman, Patrick R. Hof, Louis Lefebvre, David Lusseau, Brenda Mccowan, Esther A. Nimchinsky, Adam A. Pack, Luke Rendell, Joy S. Reidenberg, Diana Reiss, Mark D. Uhen, Estel Van Der Gucht, Hal Whitehead

Anatomy Collection

We believe that the time is ripe to present an integrated view of cetacean brains, behavior, and evolution based on the wealth of accumulated and recent data on these topics. Our conclusions support the more generally accepted view that the large brain of cetaceans evolved to support complex cognitive abilities.