Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Holistic Approach To Taking Research Animal Suffering Seriously, Martin Stephens, Kathleen Conlee

Experimentation Collection

It is widely agreed, and often legally required, that distress and pain in research animals should be minimized--for the sake of animal welfare, ethical obligation, and public concern, as well as scientific quality. As testimony to the importance of distress and pain to stakeholders interested in research animals, many countries compile and publish annual statistics documenting overall patterns and trends on distress and pain in research animals.

We argue for a holistic approach to minimizing research animal suffering, with all relevant parties sharing in this responsibility. Researchers, laboratory personnel, oversight committees, and facility administrators are central to day-to-day animal care. …

Of Mice And Men, Bernard E. Rollin

Experimentation Collection

No abstract provided.

Chimpanzee Research: An Examination Of Its Contribution To Biomedical Knowledge And Efficacy In Combating Human Diseases, Jarrod Bailey, Jonathan Balcombe, Theodora Capaldo

Experimentation Collection

Research on captive chimpanzees incurs considerable animal welfare, ethical and financial costs. Advocates of such research claim these costs are outweighed by substantial advancements in biomedical knowledge, and that the genetic similarity of chimpanzees to humans enables the former to make critical contributions to preventing, diagnosing and combating human diseases. To assess these claims, we examined the disciplines investigated in 749 studies of captive chimpanzees published from 1995-2004 inclusive, and subjected 95 randomly selected papers to a detailed citation analysis:

49.5% (47/95) of papers had not been cited at the time of this study; 38.5% (34/95) were cited by 116 …

Synapse, Alabama Health Libraries Association

Synapse - Newsletter of ALHeLa

This is the Winter, 2007 edition of the ALHeLa newsletter - Synapse.

Contents include:

• President's Column
• Alabama Health Libraries Association - 2006 Executive Committee
• News around the state
• Observations of an Outsider
• New member spotlight
• ALHeLA 2007 Annual Meeting
• Award announcements
• From the editors

Finally, Marriage Pays Off: Marital Status And Breast Cancer Survival, Elisse Magnuson

International Journal of Global Health and Health Disparities

The American Cancer Society's (2006) estimate for new breast cancer cases in the United States in 2006 is 214,640. Of these, 1,720 are estimated to be male and 212,920 are estimated to be female. The estimate for deaths caused by breast cancer is 41,430. Four hundred and sixty of those deaths are estimated to be male and 40,970 are estimated to be female. The estimate of new breast cancer cases in Minnesota is 3,070. Two hundred and fifty deaths are estimated. From birth to age 39, one woman in 231 will get breast cancer. From ages 40 to 59, one …

Trypanosome Infection In Cattle And African Sleeping Sickness, Susann O. Smith

International Journal of Global Health and Health Disparities

Trypanosomes are inoculated into a host (human or animal) in saliva via the biting mouth parts of the tsetse fly. Trypanosomes circulate in the blood of their host, differentiate and spread to other tissues via the lymphatic system during a 30 day period. Humans with African Sleeping Sickness or Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) complain of having a fever, headaches and joint pain. If left untreated, a neurological phase develops causing confusion, fatigue, narcolepsy like symptoms, irreversible nerve damage and eventual death. Often associated with malnutrition and poverty, HAT has been reported to have been in existence in Africa since the …

Promovendo Normas E Comportamentos Eqüitativos De Gênero Entre Homens Jovens Estratégia De Prevenção Do Hiv/Aids, Julie Pulerwitz, Gary Barker, Marcio Segundo, Marcos Nascimento

HIV and AIDS

The Horizons program and the Promundo Institute studied the effectiveness of interventions in Brazil designed to change the attitudes of young men in relation to gender norms and reducing the risk of contracting HIV/STIs. One conclusion of the study was the recognition of the importance of engaging young people (men and women) in the issue of gender relations and the risks of HIV contamination. The results of the study indicate that addressing inequitable gender norms, particularly those that define masculinity, can be an important element of HIV prevention strategies. These findings suggest that group education interventions can successfully influence young …

Ua1f Wku Archives Vertical File - Wku Health & Human Services, Wku Archives

WKU Administration Documents

Digitized vertical file materials regarding WKU Health & Human Services.

Voices From The Street: Comics For Young Men On Masculinity, Sexuality And Hiv—An Evidence-Based Communication Initiative, Vijaya Nidadavolu, Leena Joshi, Vinita Nathani, Atanu Ghosh, Isidore Phillips

HIV and AIDS

HIV infection is spreading rapidly among young people in India. With more than 30 percent of new infections in 2006 in the 15–29-year age group, the need to address the vulnerability of this population subgroup is pressing. Existing literature shows that young men subscribe to norms of masculinity that lead to risky behavior patterns. Misinformation about HIV coupled with a low perception of risk to themselves make young men even more vulnerable. To bring about social and attitude change in the long-term, communication strategies that are evidence-based, culturally appropriate, and designed in consultation with target audiences are needed. The Population …

Modulation Of Radiation Responses By Pre-Exposure To Irradiated Cell Conditioned Medium, Paula Maguire, Carmel Mothersill, B. Mcclean, C. Seymour, Fiona Lyng

Articles

The aim of this study was to investigate whether exposure of HPV-G cells to irradiated cell conditioned medium (ICCM) could induce an adaptive response if the cells were subsequently challenged with a higher ICCM dose. Clonogenic survival and major steps in the cascade leading to apoptosis, such as calcium influx and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, were examined to determine whether these events could be modified by giving a priming dose of ICCM before the challenge dose. Clonogenic survival data indicated an ICCMinduced adaptive response in HPV-G cells ‘‘primed’’ with 5 mGy or 0.5 Gy ICCM for 24 h and …

Addressing The Iadl Of Driving, R Brandon. Yancey

Occupational Therapy Capstones

Driving is an integral part of daily life. Discontinuing driving due to decreasing function can have serious effects on a person's life. Occupational therapists work to enhance or maintain a persons independence when they are faced with illness, disease or natural declines associated with aging. Driving is listed as an Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) by the American Occupational Therapy Association (2002). Occupational therapists have special training and skills which assist them to understand the person from a holistic perspective. The decision to discontinue driving should be made after careful consideration of the many aspects of cognitive, visual-perceptual, and …

Care Patterns And Outcomes For Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes In Nevada, Jay J. Shen

Nevada Journal of Public Health

This study demonstrates substantial differences between Nevada and the national average in patterns of hospital based care in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic patients in Nevada are more likely to be hospitalized through the emergency department, and more likely to be admitted for a condition related to diabetes. Moreover, in Nevada, Medicaid and uninsured patients with diabetes are more likely to experience adverse outcomes then their privately insured counterparts. These differences may be primarily reflective of variances in access to ambulatory care, care seeking behavior, and availability of health services and facilities. Policies promoting expansion of health care benefits …

Comparison Of Pilates And Hydraulic Circuit Training In Women, Shauna Differding, Sandra Hoff, Sara Murray

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Introduction: Obesity continues to be a rising problem in the United States. Women typically are the majority of consumers in weight treatment programs. Due to conflicts with time and social roles, they struggle to remain committed to an exercise program. Most women enter into weight treatment programs not for health, but rather for appearance.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of cardiovascular function, flexibility, strength and circumferential measurements between mat Pilates and hydraulic circuit training over a six-week period. The benefits of these comparisons will help women find an effective and efficient fitness program. As …

Electromyographic Analysis Of Abdominal And Low Back Musculature During Use Of An Experimental Stationary Bicycle, Bryce A. Kelly, Christopher L. Podoll, Kirk R. Van Slyke

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose. Currently, stationary bicycles do not incorporate exercise for the abdominal and low back musculature. An experimental stationary bicycle, the Magnus Cycle, has been developed to increase trunk muscle activation and, at the same time, provide aerobic conditioning. The purpose of this study is to assess the activity of the rectus abdominus, external oblique, erector spinae, rectus femoris and biceps femoris muscles during a stationary cycling setting and during a tilt-in-space setting of the Magnus Cycle.

Subjects. Sixteen subjects, both men and women, between the ages of 18 and 30 participated in this study.

Methods. Surface electromyography (EMG) …

The Effects Of Lumbar Stabilization Exercises On Low Back Pain, Susie Mcgarry

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe the six-week outpatient physical therapy treatment of a patient with acute low back pain due to a motor vehicle accident.

Case Description: The patient was a 34-year-old female who presented with decreased lumbar range of motion, pain, decreased abdominal strength, and muscle spasms. The treatment for this patient included lumbar stabilization exercises, stretching, manual therapy, and soft tissue mobilizations.

Outcomes: Following the physical therapy intervention, the patient exhibited full range of motion, decreased pain, and the ability to maintain a neutral pelvis without verbal or manual cues. The patient …

Manual Therapy Technique For Treating An Acute Lateral Ankle Sprain In A Female Athlete, Steven Wynia

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose: Lateral ankle sprains are a very prevalent sports injury resulting in missed practice and competition. Several studies have shown manual therapy techniques to be effective in restoring normal active range of motion (AROM) and expediting return to activity compared to more traditional treatment approaches such as protection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation (PRICE). This article describes a unique manual therapy approach to treating an acute ankle sprain in an athlete.

Case Description: The patient is a 16 year-old female with an acute lateral ankle sprain. This article describes a physical therapy episode of care involving an aggressive …

An Investigation Of The Cognitive Processes That Contribute To Faculty Development Among Selected Nursing Educators In Michigan, Kate Walters

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to provide insight into the issue of faculty development in nursing education. A qualitative, case-study research method was used to explore cognitive processes nursing faculty engage in for developing their student teaching/learning skills. Groups as well as individuals participated in this study, and data collection involved multiple methods, including group discussions, review of faculty education records at nursing schools, interviews with directors of nursing programs, multiple individual interviews with selected participants over a period of several months, focused journal writing, and electronic discussions.

Study participants consisted of 24 faculty and six administrators from six …

Association Of Smooth Muscle Myosin And Its Carboxyl Isoforms With Actin Isoforms In Aorta Smooth Muscle, Jason Edward Black

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The contraction mechanism of smooth muscle is not fully understood. The primary interaction that leads to the formation of tension, the myosin-actin crossbridge, has been studied extensively. However, even this aspect of the contraction has proven not to be as simple as it might seem. There are several isoforms of smooth muscle myosin and actin, and the differences in the activities of these isoforms and their interactions during the contractile process are largely unknown. The studies to be discussed are directed at the determination of the interaction of these isoforms during the contraction of rat aortic smooth muscle. Chapter II …

Physical Therapy Management For Chronic Neck And Intrascapular Pain With Upper Extremity Tingling And Headaches: A Case Report, Tonya Kunze

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

In the US, it is estimated that there are 1 million new cases of whiplash type injuries annually. There is plenty of discussion regarding the treatment for these injuries but there is limited research using Med-X spinal strengthening machines to treat this type of chronic spinal pain associated with these whiplash type injuries. The patient chosen for this study sustained these type of chronic symptoms due to a motor vehicle accident 13 years prior and had struggled with these symptoms on and off since the accident. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a 56 y/o female that …

Out-Patient Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Management Of A Patient With A Degenerated Knee Resulting In Total Joint Arthroplasty, Charles A. Long

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery is a common procedure performed for those patients seeking a return of knee function after substantial degeneration of the tibiofemoral joint. The TKA procedure is becoming increasingly popular as degenerative changes to the knee joints occurs at a younger age. The United States is facing an increasingly aging workforce. It is anticipated that there will be increasingly more members of the workforce seeking rehabilitation following TKA with goals of returning to work. The purpose of this article is to describe implementation of physical therapy in the recovery of a patient with degenerative joint disease of …

The Importance Of Range Of Motion, Strengthening, And Positioning Interventions In Infants With Congenital Muscular Torticollis, Theresa Wiederoder

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose: Treatment of an infant with torticollis is most effective when the parents/guardians of the infant are instructed in stretching protocols as well as proper positioning of the infant in many positions This case report describes course of treatment of an infant with congenital muscular torticollis.

Case Description: The child was born with a right sided sternocleidomastoid tumor and associated limitations in cervical left lateral flexion and right rotation. His parents received written stretching instructions from the pediatric surgeon's office but were uncomfortable with stretching their child's neck required more one-on-one instruction. Intervention included cervical and scapular passive …

Hantavirus And Arenavirus Antibodies In Persons With Occupational Rodent Exposure, North America, Charles F. Fulhorst, Mary Louise Milazzo, Lori R. Armstrong, James E. Childs, Pierre E. Rollin, Rima Khabbaz, C.J. Peters, Thomas G G. Ksiazek

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Rodents are the principal hosts of Sin Nombre virus, 4 other hantaviruses known to cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in North America, and the 3 North American arenaviruses. Serum samples from 757 persons who had worked with rodents in North America and handled neotomine or sigmodontine rodents were tested for antibodies against Sin Nombre virus, Whitewater Arroyo virus, Guanarito virus, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Antibodies against Sin Nombre virus were found in 4 persons, against Whitewater Arroyo virus or Guanarito virus in 2 persons, and against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in none. These results suggest that risk for infection with hantaviruses or …

Development Of An Assay To Determine Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms In The Prion Gene For The Genetic Diagnosis Of Relative Susceptibility To Classical Scrapie In Sheep, Mary Lynn Johnson, Jessica M. Evoniuk, Charles L. Stoltenow, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Dale A. Redmer

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The objective of this study was to develop a reliable Taqman® 5' Nuclease Assay for genotyping sheep for scrapie susceptibility. The sheep prion gene contains 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may mediate resistance to classical scrapie, one at codon 136, alanine (A) or valine (V), and another at codon 171, arginine (R) or glutamine (Q). The R allele appears to confer resistance to classical scrapie, with the AA₁₃₆ RR₁₇₁ genotype the most resistant to scrapie and QR₁₇₁ only rarely infected in the US sheep population. The Assays by Design^SM protocol was used for development of …

Linkage Analysis Of A Model Quantitative Trait In Humans: Finger Ridge Count Shows Significant Multivariate Linkage To 5q14.1, Sarah E. Medland, Danuta Z. Loesch, Bogdan Mdzewski, Gu Zhu, Grant W. Montgomery, Nicholas G. Martin

Psychiatry Publications

The finger ridge count (a measure of pattern size) is one of the most heritable complex traits studied in humans and has been considered a model human polygenic trait in quantitative genetic analysis. Here, we report the results of the first genome-wide linkage scan for finger ridge count in a sample of 2,114 offspring from 922 nuclear families. Both univariate linkage to the absolute ridge count (a sum of all the ridge counts on all ten fingers), and multivariate linkage analyses of the counts on individual fingers, were conducted. The multivariate analyses yielded significant linkage to 5q14.1 (Logarithm of odds …

Clomiphene, Metformin, Or Both For Infertility In The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Richard S. Legro, Huiman X. Barnhart, William D. Schlaff, Bruce R. Carr, Michael P. Diamond, Sandra A. Carson, Michael P. Steinkampf, Christos Coutifaris, Peter G. Mcgovern, Nicholas A. Cataldo, Gabriella G. Gosman, John E. Nestler, Linda C. Guidice, Phyllis C. Leppert, Evan R. Myers M.P.H.

Obstetrics and Gynecology Publications

Background

The polycystic ovary syndrome is a common cause of infertility. Clomiphene and insulin sensitizers are used alone and in combination to induce ovulation, but it is unknown whether one approach is superior. Methods We randomly assigned 626 infertile women with the polycystic ovary syndrome to receive clomiphene citrate plus placebo, extended-release metformin plus placebo, or a combination of metformin and clomiphene for up to 6 months. Medication was discontinued when pregnancy was confirmed, and subjects were followed until delivery.

Results

The live-birth rate was 22.5% (47 of 209 subjects) in the clomiphene group, 7.2% (15 of 208) in the …

Department Of Radiology-Annual Executive Summary Report-July 1, 2006 To June 30, 2007, Vijay M. Rao M.D.

Department of Radiology Administrative Documents and Reports

91 page Department of Radiology Annual Executive Summary Report, July 1, 2006 to June 30, 2007, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

Cover - Front Matter - Table Of Contents

International Journal of Global Health and Health Disparities

No abstract provided.

Utilization Of Low Cost Waste Material Bagasse Fly Ash In Removing Of Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ And Cr3+ From The Industrial Waste Water, G. M. Taha

International Journal of Global Health and Health Disparities

Bagasse fly ash, a waste material generated in sugar industry, collected from a local sugar Firm at Kom-Ombo district (42Km - distance, on the northern direction, from the mid city of Aswan ), Aswan Governorate, Egypt was utilized as a low cost and effective adsorbing surface for the removal of Cu²+, Ni²+, Zn²+ and Cr³+ from the industrial wastewater. The adsorption capacity was followed as a function of pH, adsorbent dose, metal ion concentration, shaking time and divers ions. Under the optimum conditions used, more than 95% of some of the ions …

Sources Of Stress And Its Impact On Health Behaviors And Academic Performance Of International Students At A Comprehensive Midwestern University, Israel Gabriel Msengi

International Journal of Global Health and Health Disparities

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sources of stress, its impact on health behaviors and academic performance of 220 international students studying at a comprehensive Midwestern university, and coping strategies used by international students to manage stress. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive design, using a quantitative method. Two hundred twenty international students enrolled at the university during the summer and fall of 2003 participated in this study. Data were collected using "Sources of Stress, Health Behaviors and Academic Performance Scale for international students. Statistical procedure for data analysis included t-test, ANOVA, chi-square and bivariate correlation. Results …

Routes Of Exposure For Leptospirosis, Catherine C. Schmidt

International Journal of Global Health and Health Disparities

Leptospirosis was once a common zoonotic disease affecting most mammalian species. While it was once a very prevalent disease, it had tailored off only affecting humans with certain occupational hazards in developed countries. Recently, there has been an increase in the incidence of leptospirosis associated with recreational exposures and travel to tropical climates. Humans become infected with the disease through either direct or indirect contact with infected animal urine. Since leptospirosis has a longer survival period in wet, humid and warm conditions it is more prevalent in tropical and temperate climates and exposure peaks in the summer. There are a …