Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Seroepidemiology Of Equine Influenza Virus Infection In Turkey, Veysel Soydal Ataseven, Janet Mary Daly

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the seroepidemiology of equine influenza infection in Turkey, measured using the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Serum samples were obtained from 623 equids aged older than 4 years from 5 different geographical regions in Turkey during the years 2003-2005. Antibodies against equine influenza virus (EIV) were found in 194 (31.1%) of the 623 sera. Seropositivity rates were detected as 41.8% (171/409), 12.8% (11/86), and 9.4% (12/128) in horses, mules, and donkeys, respectively. The data revealed that EIV circulates in Turkey at a relatively high rate. Differences in seropositivity rates in Equidae from different …

Accidental Poisoning From Lantana Camara (Cherry Pie) Hay Fed To Ostriches (Struthio Camelus), Ross G. Cooper

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

No abstract provided.

Serum Biochemical Changes In Experimental Gambian Trypanosomosis. Ii. Assessing Hepatic And Renal Dysfunction, J. N. Abenga, V. O. Anosa

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Serum biochemical changes were assessed to determine hepatic and renal function in 4 vervet monkeys experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the causative agent of sleeping sickness in West and Central Africa. Parameters examined included serum bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and cholesterol levels. Significant increases in the total bilirubin and BUN levels occurred from the second week post-infection (PI) (P Keywords: Serum biochemistry, trypanosomosis, human, monkeys

The Effects Of Planting Time And Combination On The Nutrient Composition And Digestible Dry Matter Yield Of Four Mixtures Of Vetch Varieties Intercropped With Barley, N. Tuğba Bi̇ngöl, M. Aki̇f Karsli, İ. Hakki Yilmaz, Duran Bolat

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition, digestibility, energy content, and digestible dry matter yield of 4 mixtures of different vetch varieties intercropped with the same barley at 3 different planting times under Eastern Anatolian conditions. Four different vetch species, i.e. common (Farukbey-2001), Hungarian (Tarım Beyazı-98), hairy (Selçuklu-2002), and wooly pod (Segmen-2002), intercropped with barley (Tokak-157) were utilized. The mixtures of vetches intercropped with barley were planted on 7 October 2003 (I), 7 November 2003 (II), and 10 April 2004 (III), and each variety/planting time was randomly assigned to 3 replications. The mixtures of vetches intercropped …

The Prevalence Of Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato In Ixodes Ricinus Ticks In The Sinop Region Of Turkey, Turabi̇ Güneş, Serpi̇l Kaya, Ömer Poyraz, Aynur Engi̇n

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks, which are the primary vectors of this spirochete, as well as to investigate the effect of I. ricinus population density on the prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l. Ticks were collected by blanket dragging in 13 different forest regions of Sinop, Turkey, and its vicinity. Ticks were identified under a stereomicroscope. I. ricinus (n = 334), I. hexagonus (n = 5), Rhipicephalus spp. (n = 10), Dermacentor spp. (n = 7), and Hyalomma spp. (n = 5) were collected. Direct immunofluorescence was …

Effect Of Sodium Lactate On The Microbiological Quality And Shelf Life Of Sausages, Enver Bariş Bi̇ngöl, Kami̇l Bostan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was performed to investigate the effects of various levels of sodium lactate on the microbiological quality and shelf life of sausages, and determine whether it can be used as a nitrite alternative. For this purpose, 0%, 0.6%, 1.2%, and 1.8% NaL and 0.125% NaNO_2 were added to sausage samples. Samples were vacuum-packaged and stored at 4 °C for 60 days and periodically analyzed for their sensorial properties, microbial counts (aerobic plate count, lactic acid bacteria, yeast-mould, and sulphite reducing anaerobic bacteria), and pH values. Sensorial characteristics were not altered with NaL addition; the flavor of the samples was …

The Effects Of Fermented Soybean Meal On Growth Performance And Immune Characteristics In Weaned Piglets, Xin Liu, Jianlei Feng, Zirong Xu, Yaping Lu, Yuanyuan Liu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on growth performance and immune characteristics of piglets. In all, 60 crossbred piglets (Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire) were allocated to 2 dietary treatments; 3 replications of 10 pigs were used for each treatment, and all piglets were weaned at 35 days and fed for 23 days. The results showed that average daily gain (ADG) improved (1.44% vs. 1.36%) in piglets fed the FSBM diet and feed gain ratio (FGR) decreased by 5.56% (P < 0.05) compared to the controls (soybean meal treatment). The level of serum IgG decreased 27.2% (P < 0.01) in piglets fed FSBM. Lymphocytes from whole blood had a lower proliferative response to concanavalin A (ConA) (P < 0.01) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the splenocytes of piglets fed FSBM also showed lower proliferative response to ConA (P < 0.05) and LPS (P < 0.01). The results indicated that FSBM was beneficial to growth performance and decreased the immune response to soybean protein in piglets.

Determination Of Clostridium Perfringens Toxin-Types In Sheep With Suspected Enterotoxemia In Kars Province, Turkey, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Gökce, Oktay Genç, Mahmut Sözmen, Gürbüz Gökçe

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The study was designed to determine the types of Clostridium perfringens and their toxins in sheep with suspected enterotoxemia in Kars province. For this purpose, 260 dead sheep with suspected enterotoxemia and 35 clinically healthy sheep (controls) of different ages and breeds were used. Intestinal contents of each sheep were collected and used to determine alpha, beta, and epsilon toxins of C. perfringens using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the latex agglutination test (LAT). Based on ELISA and LAT, 220 (84.61%) and 152 (58.46%) sheep, respectively, were positive for C. perfringens toxins. In contrast, 40 (15.38%) sheep were toxin-negative based …

Immunohistochemical Expression Of Estrogen And Progesterone Receptors In Oviduct Adenocarcinomas In Laying Hens, M. Özgür Özyi̇ği̇t, Gürsel Sönmez

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ERs and PRs, respectively) in oviduct adenocarcinomas in laying hens. In all, 32 oviduct adenocarcinomas (18 primary tumors and 14 intestinal metastases) from Babcock B-380 laying hens 16-18 months old were stained with commercially available monoclonal antibodies against mouse-anti-human ERs and mouse-anti-human PRs. In the microscopic examination, 13 tumors (7 oviduct adenocarcinomas and 6 intestinal metastases) stained positively for ERs and 12 tumors (4 oviduct adenocarcinomas and 8 intestinal metastases) gave a positive reaction to PR antibody. The staining pattern of the tumor cells with …

Effects Of Breed And Lactation Period On Some Characteristics And Free Fatty Acid Composition Of Raw Milk From Damascus Goats And German Fawn X Hair Goat B_1 Crossbreds, Zehra Güler, Mahmut Keski̇n, Tuğrul Masatçioğlu, Sabri̇ Gül, Osman Bi̇çer

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effects of breed and period of lactation on milk composition were investigated. For this purpose, 8 crossbred (3/4 German fawn 1/4 Hair goat) and 10 Damascus goats were kept under identical management conditions. Lactation period affected milk yield and milk composition in both goat breeds. Milk yield, lactation duration, and mean solid and fat values showed differences between the breeds. The mean values of total solid and fat of milk during lactation were 13.82 ± 0.294% and 4.55 ± 0.223% for the crossbreds, and 12.90 ± 0.179% and 4.02 ± 0.142% for Damascus goats, respectively. Although the percentages of …

Adenoviral Mediated Gene Transfer Into The Dog Brain In Vivo, Marianela Candolfi, Kurt Kroeger, Elizabeth Pluhar, Chunyan Liu, Carlos Barcia, Josee Bergeron, Mariana Puntel, James Curtin, Elizabeth Mcniel, Andrew Freese, John Ohlfest, Peter Moore, William Kuoy, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro

Articles

OBJECTIVE: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating brain tumor for which there is no cure. Adenoviral-mediated transfer of conditional cytotoxic (herpes simplex virus [HSV] 1-derived thymidine kinase [TK]) and immunostimulatory (Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand [Flt3L]) transgenes elicited immune-mediated long-term survival in a syngeneic intracranial GBM model in rodents. However, the lack of a large GBM animal model makes it difficult to predict the outcome of therapies in humans. Dogs develop spontaneous GBM that closely resemble the human disease; therefore, they constitute an excellent large animal model. We assayed the transduction efficiency of adenoviral vectors (Ads) encoding beta-galactosidase (betaGal), TK, …

Seroprevalence Of Brucellosis In Human, Sheep, And Cattle Populations In Kırıkkale (Turkey), Teoman Zafer Apan, Murat Yildirim, Ersi̇n İstanbulluoğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The seroprevalence of Brucellosis in human, sheep, and cattle populations was investigated in rural regions of Kırıkkale in Turkey. Serum samples were obtained from 1436 humans, and 3.2% (46) of the population was found to be positive by Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and 3.0% (43) gave positive results with the standard tube agglutination test (STAT). Immunoglobulin class analysis of RBPT-positive sera using the ELISA test gave positive results for 33 people (75%) with Brucella ELISA IgG and for 11 people (25%) with Brucella ELISA IgM. The evaluation of 804 serum samples, which were obtained from 301 cattle and 503 …

Evaluation Of Two Vaccination Schemes Using Live Vaccines Against Newcastle Disease In Chickens, Mansur-Ud-Din Ahmad, Mamoona Chaudhry, Muhammad Farooq Rai, Hamad Bin Rashid

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The use of different types of Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine in different vaccination schemes has decreased the incidence of velogenic Newcastle disease (VND) in commercial poultry worldwide. In under-developed countries like Pakistan, these vaccination schemes are not successful due to free-range and backyard poultry production. This trial was conducted in 90 experimental chickens to develop an effective control against ND. The level of antibody response, detected by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test, and the degree of protection against the virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were studied. The chickens were immunized with commercially available ND vaccines. In scheme A, primary vaccination …

First Case Of Anaplasma (Ehrlichia) Platys Infection In A Dog In Turkey, Bülent Ulutaş, Göksel Bayramli, Tüli̇n Karagenç

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A male pinscher dog weighing 4.2 kg with a history of intermittent fever, inappetence, weight loss, and weakness occurring periodically for 5 months showed Anaplasma (Ehrlichia) platys inclusions within the platelets of peripheral blood smears. The diagnosis was confirmed using a nested polymerase chain reaction. The dog was treated with doxycycline at a dose of 5 mg/kg twice daily for 21 days. This study is the first case of A. platys infection in Turkey.

Transfusion-Associated Transmission Of West Nile Virus, United States 2003 Through 2005, Susan P. Montgomery, Jennifer A. Brown, Matthew Kuehnert, Theresa L. Smith, Nicholas Crall, Robert S. Lanciotti, Alexandre Macedo De Oliveira, Thomas Boo, Anthony A. Marfin, 2003 West Nile Virus Transfusion-Associated Transmission Investigation Team

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

BACKGROUND: National blood donation screening for West Nile virus (WNV) started in June 2003, after the documentation of WNV transfusion-associated transmission (TAT) in 2002.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood donations were screened with investigational nucleic acid amplification assays in minipool formats. Blood collection agencies (BCAs) reported screening results to state and local public health authorities. Donor test results and demographic information were forwarded to CDC via ArboNET, the national electronic arbovirus surveillance system. State health departments and BCAs also reported suspect WNV TATs to CDC, which investigated these reports to confirm WNV infection in blood transfusion recipients in the absence …

Bovine Immune Response To Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia Coli O157:H7., Mark A Hoffman, Christian Menge, Thomas A Casey, William Laegreid, Brad T Bosworth, Evelyn A Dean-Nystrom

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Although cattle develop humoral immune responses to Shiga-toxigenic (Stx+) Escherichia coli O157:H7, infections often result in long-term shedding of these human pathogenic bacteria. The objective of this study was to compare humoral and cellular immune responses to Stx+ and Stx- E. coli O157:H7. Three groups of calves were inoculated intrarumenally, twice in a 3-week interval, with different strains of E. coli: a Stx2-producing E. coli O157:H7 strain (Stx2+ O157), a Shiga toxin-negative E. coli O157:H7 strain (Stx- O157), or a nonpathogenic E. coli strain (control). Fecal shedding of Stx2+ O157 was significantly higher than that of Stx- O157 or the …

Thoracoscopic-Guided Lung Biopsy In Dogs, Churee Pramatwinai, Atichat Brahmasa, Suwicha Chuthatep, Pasakorn Birksawan, Kiatpicet Komin

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The study developed a thoracoscopic-guided lung biopsy technique that was able to be performed on the right or left lung lobes of dogs. Ten experimental dogs weighing 6-20 kilograms were anesthetized, ventilated and positioned in a lateral recumbency. Either the left or right hemithorax was approached. Two instrumental ports were utilized, the first port for a telescope was located at the fifth or sixth intercostal space at a half way distance between the vertebral column and sternum. The second port for the grasping forceps, 12-mm in diameter, was located at either the fourth or sixth or seventh intercostal space at …

Morphological Changes In The Oviduct Of Culling Replacement Gilts, Paisan Tienthai, Kriengyot Sajjarengpong, Padet Talummuk

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological changes of the oviduct from 30 culling replacement gilts and 6 control sows. Blood samples and female genital organs were taken immediately after slaughter. Post-mortem examinations were made on the genital organs and oviductal samples, i.e. utero-tubal junction (UTJ), isthmus and ampulla, were collected and fixed for histological analysis. Observations indicated that the reasons for culling the gilts were 'no estrus' (68%) and 'repeat breeding' (32%). The greatest pathological changes (67%) were found in repeat breeding gilts, whereas 52% of no estrous gilts were at prepubertal phase. The female hormonal …

Rapid Isolation Of Dna From The Mucus Of Asian Arowana (Scleropages Formosus, Osteoglossidae), Nantarika Chansue

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Owing to arowana being listed in CITES, DNA diagnostics should not rely on conventional methods of obtaining tissue samples. A non-invasive method of obtaining material containing DNA has been developed. Mucus samples for DNA isolation can be obtained by cotton swabbing the arowana body surface with subsequent purification of DNA fragments by using phenol/chloroform. DNA sample quality is assessed by UV absorbancy at wave lengths of 260 nm and 280 nm, as well as by calculating the absorbancy ratio involving 260 nm/280 nm results in order to determine DNA sample quality and quantity. Electrophoresis is employed to assess DNA quantity …

Ultrasound Diagnosis, Phiwipha Kamonrat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Editor’S Note, Ornsiri Cheunsuang

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Genetically Modified Mosquitoes: A New Strategy To Control Mosquito Borne Diseases, Padet Siriyasatien, Usavadee Thavara

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Mosquito borne diseases remain a major human and animal health concern in many areas of the world. Chemical control strategy faces a number of problems including the development of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, the impact of insecticides on human and animal health and the environment and the constant inability to control mosquitoes effectively. Advances in the knowledge about mosquito-pathogen relationships and the molecular biology of mosquitoes make it now possible to produce mosquito strains that are unable to transmit various parasites or viruses. Strategies of using the genetically modified mosquitoes to control mosquito borne diseases are discussed here.

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl, Kris Angkanaporn, Anusak Kijtawornrat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

What Is Your Diagnosis?, Pranee Tuntivanich, Suwicha Chuthateph

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Culex Tritaeniorhynchus Is Unlikely To Be A Vector For The Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus (Prrsv), Kidsadagon Pringproa, Sudchit Chungpivat, Rapee Panyathong, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

At least, 4 mosquito species, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex gelidus, Anopheles vagus and Mansonia uniformis were identified on a pig farm in Nakorn Pathom, Thailand between March 2004 to February 2005. C. tritaeniorhynchus was found to be the predominant species (88.387.63%). To determine whether C. tritaeniorhynchus could serve as a mechanical vector for PRRSV transmission, 2 experiments were conducted on: the duration of PRRSV within the mosquitoes and PRRSV transmission from the PRRSV-infected pigs to naive pigs by the infected mosquitoes. PRRSV nucleic acid could be detected in the whole pooled mosquito samples for up to 48 hours post feeding in …

Animal Health Matters, David H. Zeman

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

Head/Director's Message [Page] 1-Animal Health Surveillance Demands Continue to Grow Diagnostic News [Page] 1- Combined North American/European-like / LV “Multi-PRRSV Real-Time PCR Assay [Page] 2- Antemortem Diagnostics for Bovine Respiratory Disease: Obtaining Bronchoalveolar Lavage Samples [Page] 2- Holiday Hours Extension News [Page] 3- Tularemia Cases Diagnosed at SDSU ADRDL: September 2005 – October 2006 [Page] 4- Process Verified Programs (PVP’s) Available to SD Calf Producers [Page] 5- Pieces and Parts [Page] 8- Calendar of Events

Anti-Capsular Antibodies Activate Killing Of Escherichia Coli O8:K87 By The Alternate Complement Pathway In Porcine Serum, N. M. Clark, E. M. Berberov, M. Wang, Rodney A. Moxley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains that produce K88 (F4) ⁺ fimbria are important causes of diarrhea and post-diarrheal septicemia in swine. ETEC O8:K87, a serotype represented by a number of these strains, is typically serum resistant. Strain-specific antibodies are known to activate alternative C pathway-mediated killing of other serum-resistant E. coli [Hill, A.W., Shears, A.L., Hibbitt, K.G., 1978. The requirement of specific antibody for the killing of E. coli by the alternate complement pathway in bovine serum. Immunology 34, 131–136], but their antigenic targets have not been determined. We tested the hypothesis that anti-K87 antibodies activate alternative pathway-mediated killing of …

Development Of A Gis-Based, Real-Time Internet Mapping Tool For Rabies Surveillance, Jesse D. Blanton, Arie Manangan, Jamie Manangan, Cathleen A. Hanlon, Dennis Slate, Charles E. Rupprecht

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Background: Oral rabies vaccination programs have been implemented to control the spread of wildlife rabies in the United States. However, current surveillance systems are inadequate for the efficient management and evaluation of these large scale vaccine baiting programs. With this in mind, a GIS-based rabies surveillance database and Internet mapping application was created. This surveillance system, RabID, provides a new resource for the rapid mapping and dissemination of data on animal rabies cases in relation to unaffected, enzootic, and baited areas where current interventions are underway.

Results: RabID is a centralized database for diagnostic and demographic information collected by local, …

Sub-Typing Of Prrsv Isolates By Means Of Measurement Of Cross-Neutralization Reactions, Fernando A. Osorio

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The degree of similitude or closeness between two different isolates or strains of PRRSV is very important for deciding which strains should be used for immunization, by either vaccinating with commercial vaccines or attempting to stabilize a herd with planned wt PRRSV infection. As previously known for certain important viral diseases, such as in Foot and Mouth Disease, the reciprocal (cross-) neutralization titers between two strains may be of utmost importance to establish the degree of similarity or difference between these. There is currently a void of methods that would allow distinguishing or grouping strains of PRRSV in a manner …

A Missense Mutation In Pmel17 Is Associated With The Silver Coat Color In The Horse, Emma Brunberg, Leif Andersson, Gus Cothran, Kaj Sandberg, Sofia Mikko, Gabriella Lindgren

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The Silver coat color, also called Silver dapple, in the horse is characterized by dilution of the black pigment in the hair. This phenotype shows an autosomal dominant inheritance. The effect of the mutation is most visible in the long hairs of the mane and tail, which are diluted to a mixture of white and gray hairs. Herein we describe the identification of the responsible gene and a missense mutation associated with the Silver phenotype.

RESULTS: Segregation data on the Silver locus (Z) were obtained within one half-sib family that consisted of a heterozygous Silver colored stallion with 34 …