Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Morphological And Morphometrical Characteristics Of The Interdigital Gland In Kivircik Sheep, Yasi̇n Demi̇raslan, Yalçin Akbulut, Turgay Deprem, Ebru Karadağ Sari, Kadi̇r Aslan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the interdigital gland in Kivircik sheep. The interdigital glands in the forefeet and hind feet of the 16 male Kivircik sheep were examined in terms of morphometric and morphological characteristics. Four lengths (length of duct and corpus, diameter of duct and corpus) and 2 angles (angle of internal and external flexure) were measured in the interdigital glands located between 2 digits after dissection. The interdigital gland contained orifice, excretory duct, flexure, and corpus sections. Lengths and widths of corpus and excretory ducts of the interdigital gland …

Detection Of Sensitive And Mutant Ruminal Bacteria Isolates From Sheep, Cattle, And Buffalo Using 14 Therapeutic Antibiotics, Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed Salem, Roberto Montes De Oca Jimenez, Maria Andrea Cerrillo-Soto, Ahmed Eid Kholif, Mohamed Zidan Mohamed Salem, Mona Mohamed Mohamed Yasseen Elghandour

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In the present study, sensitive and mutant colonies of some ruminal bacterial species isolated from sheep, cattle, and buffalo were detected. We counted and considered \"mutant colonies\" the bacterial colonies grown in the clear inhibition zone in the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test. Detected mutant colonies were higher in buffalo than in cattle and sheep. Duricef and metronidazole caused no mutations in any species. The others formed mutant colonies, where roxithromycin = polymyxin = chloramphenicol = gentamicin < erythromycin < vancomycin < piperacillin = cefotaxime < streptomycin < cefoperazone < ciprofloxacin < amikacin. Sheep had the highest number of sensitive isolates, and the number of sensitive isolates was dramatically lower in cattle and buffalo. There were no sensitive isolates with the antibiotic metronidazole, and there was a low number of sensitive isolates with duricef. The other antibiotics had more sensitive isolates (gentamicin = ciprofloxacin = amikacin > streptomycin = piperacillin > erythromycin > vancomycin = cefoperazone = cefotaxime > roxithromycin > polymyxin > chloramphenicol). The number of sensitive isolates of the different ruminant species for …

Effects Of Supplementation Of Inorganic Sulfur On Some Biochemical Parameters In Angora Goat’S Diet Containing High Nitrate Levels, Mehmet Özdemi̇r, Abdullah Eryavuz, Gülcan Avci, Yavuz Osman Bi̇rdane, İsmai̇l Küçükkurt

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supplementation of sulfur to a diet containing sodium nitrate at a level that would cause chronic nitrate poisoning on some rumen and biochemical parameters in Angora goats. A total of 18 male Angora goats were used. The animals in the control group were fed the basal diet, while the animals were fed experimental concentrate containing 1500 mg/kg sodium nitrate in the nitrate group (N) and experimental concentrate containing 1500 mg/kg sodium nitrate plus 1.8% sodium sulfate in the nitrate-sulfur group (NS) throughout the study, which lasted for 6 months. …

New Understanding Of An Old Phenomenon: Uncontrolled Factors And Misconceptions That Cast A Shadow Over Studies Of The ‘Male Effect’ On Reproduction In Small Ruminants, Trina Jorre De St Jorre, Penny Alison Rhian Hawken, Graeme Bruce Martin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In female sheep and goats, exposure to males can be used to induce ovulation and thus control and synchronise fertility. This 'male effect' offers simple, cost-effective, and hormone-free management of reproduction in flocks and herds but, despite decades of research, significant gaps in our knowledge impede commercial application. Many of these gaps can be traced back to misconceptions in the early documentation of the male effect, and others are the result of uncontrolled factors in experimental design. Consequently, it is often difficult to draw conclusions from past research, to further our understanding of the phenomenon, and to make recommendations for …

Antioxidant Supplementation And Purification Of Semen For Improved Artificial Insemination In Livestock Species, Peter Petruska, Marcela Capcarova, Peter Sutovsky

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Improving sire reproductive performance in artificial insemination (AI) programs and maximizing the use of sires with valuable genomes are high on the list of priorities for livestock breeders in the United States and worldwide. While fixed-time AI and accurate estrous detection have already ameliorated the reproductive management of cows and sows, substantial gains remain to be made in the selection and utilization of male animals for field AI. In addition to better, more objective evaluation of breeding soundness and semen quality, numbers of spermatozoa per AI dose could be reduced and numbers of AI doses per collection could be increased …

The Micrornas Important For Ovarian And Early Embryonic Development In Cattle, Lei Wang, Jianbo Yao

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Recent progress in genomic analysis and other biochemical methods has led to the discovery of a large population of microRNAs (miRNAs), which have been demonstrated to play important roles in diseases and a wide range of developmental processes. Characterization of miRNA expression profiles in different stages of ovarian follicular development and early embryogenesis has suggested the potential roles of miRNAs in follicular development, maturation of oocytes, and preimplantation embryonic development. This review focuses on the current studies of miRNAs involved in ovarian and early embryonic development in cattle.

Usefulness Of Short Sequence Repeat Markers In Goat Genetic Diversity Studies On The Asian And African Continents, Faiz M.M.T. Marikar, Muneeb M. Mustafa

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Goat genetic diversity studies are very important since extinction of germ plasma is increasing very rapidly. The African and Asian continents are the hotspots for indigenous animals with fewer genetic manipulations. Conservation studies using molecular markers have the capability to validate the real status of the animals. The use of molecular markers has revolutionized studies of genetic diversity. Even though a number of markers are used for these types of studies, short sequence repeats are in the forefront due to their superior features such as high variability, high mutation rate, large number, distribution throughout the genome, codominant inheritance, and neutrality …

Polledness Intersex Syndrome In Goats – Molecular And Histological Aspects, Iwona Szatkowska, Daniel Zaborski, Witold Stanislaw Proskura, Sara Tabor

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Polledness intersex syndrome (PIS) is a phenomenon associated with 2 distinct conditions occurring in goats, namely polledness and intersexuality. The first is a trait exhibiting complete dominance, whereas the latter is recessive. The extreme case of intersexualism is complete sex reversal, which is observed only in females (60,XX). The trait PIS is inherited in a recessive manner and caused by deletion of 11.7 kbp DNA on chromosome 1q43. Female goats with PIS exhibit a broad range of developmental abnormalities of the sexual system, from only subtle changes to complete sex reversal. The phenotypic diversity in goats with PIS is most …

Endocrine And Metabolic Mechanisms Of Embryo And Fetal Intrauterine Growth Retardation In Dairy Cows, Anatoliy Nezhdanov, Sergey Shabunin, Vitaliy Mikhalev, Nikolay Klimov, Anton Chernitskiy

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This research was conducted to study hormonal and metabolic statuses and to determine ultrasound criteria for early diagnosis of fetal growth retardation syndrome (FGRS) in dairy cows of Black-motley (n = 41) and Red-motley (n = 56) Holstein breeds. Concentrations of progesterone, testosterone, 17beta-estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, cortisol, and triiodothyronine in blood serum were assessed by immune-enzyme analysis. Concentrations of plasma L-ascorbic acid and nitrogen oxides, serum immune globulin, middle molecular peptides, and bactericidal and lysozyme activity were determined by spectrophotometry. On days 38-40 and 60-65 of gestation, FGRS in cows was associated with hypoprogesteronemia, decrease of adrenal and thyroid gland …

Effect Of Inbreeding On Yield And Quality Of Embryos Recovered From Superovulated Holstein Cows, Jiri Bezdicek, Ludek Stadnik, Alexander Makarevich, Elena Kubovicova, Frantisek Louda, Zdenka Hegedusova, Radek Holasek, Jan Beran, Michaela Nejdlova

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inbreeding on the yield and quality of bovine embryos. The data were obtained from 125 Holstein cows superovulated on 3 farms in the Czech Republic. In total, 125 flushings of embryos were analyzed, from which 761 embryos were obtained. Of all donors, 36 cows were inbred (199 embryos) and 89 cows were noninbred (562 embryos). The inbred cows were divided into 2 groups according to their inbreeding coefficient (FX) level. The low FX group (FX 1.26%-1.56%) had 23 cows and 147 embryos, and the high FX group (FX 3.1%-25%) …

Study Of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Effects On Bovine Type A Spermatogonia Proliferation And Viability, Babak Qasemi Panahi, Parviz Tajik, Mansoureh Movahedin, Gholamali Moghaddam, Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the best candidates for exploitation in genetic improvement of cattle herds. In fact, SSCs transmit genetic information to future generations. In vitro improvement in proliferation and frozen-thawed SSCs numbers is therefore needed. In the present study, bovine SSCs were cocultured with Sertoli cells, with or without insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). During 16 days of incubation, 100 ng/mL IGF-1 showed higher efficacy in increasing the numbers and diameters of SSCs colonies than 40 and 150 ng/mL concentrations. Furthermore, 100 ng/mL IGF-1 increased the frozen/thawed cells’ viability rate. Overall, these data demonstrate that usage of 100 …

The Avian Ovary And Follicle Development: Some Comparative And Practical Insights, Alan L. Johnson

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This review focuses on recent research related to the avian ovary and, in particular, cellular mechanisms mediating embryonic growth of the ovary, postembryonic follicular development, and the process of follicular selection. Attention is drawn to a variety of fundamental, yet unresolved, aspects of ovarian function, several of which are uniquely related to avian reproductive strategies. Some notable differences in ovarian function between birds and the most closely related extant group, the crocodilians, are illustrated. Moreover, because the sauropsid (reptilian and avian) and synapsid (mammalian) lineages diverged shortly after the emergence of amniotes some 340 million years ago, consideration is given …

Investigation Of The Efficacy Of Tarantula Cubensis Extract (Theranekron D6) In The Treatment Of Subclinical And Clinical Mastitis In Dairy Cows, Kutlay Gürbulak, Aytaç Akçay, Kadi̇r Semi̇h Gümüşsoy, Birgit Sist, Simone Steiner, Murat Abay, Esra Canooğlu, Tayfur Bekyürek

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the use of Theranekron alone or in combination with intramammary antibiotic therapy for the treatment of subclinical and clinical mastitis on the recovery rate from mastitis. The study material was composed of 177 mammary lobes of 63 Holstein cows with subclinical (groups S1 and S2) and clinical mastitis (groups C1, C2, C3, and C4). In all of the treatment groups, excluding group S2, the California mastitis test scores were determined to have decreased after treatment (P < 0.05). In groups C1, C2, C3, and C4, which were treated for clinical mastitis, the somatic cell count (SCC) values were observed to have decreased. The decrease in SCC values was statistically significant except in group C2 (P < 0.01). While the SCC values were observed to have decreased in group S1 (P > 0.05), which was treated with Theranekron alone, the same values were found to …

Survivability Of Caprine Oocytes Vitrified In Conventional And Open Pulled Straws, Rameez Ali, Waquar Razzaque, Utsav Sharma, Anil Pandey, Kafil Hussain

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of conventional straw vitrification with open pulled straw vitrification in terms of cryosurvivability and damages caused to the oocytes. Two hundred immature goat cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were vitrified in a solution of ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and sucrose using either conventional straws (100 COCs) or open pulled straws (100 COCs). The COCs were warmed and observed for morphological damages and viability after 7 days of preservation in liquid nitrogen. Among the 100 COCs cryopreserved in each case, only 83 COCs were recovered after warming in conventional straw vitrification as …

Injectable Versus Inhalational Anesthesia In Veterinary Medicine, Samantha D. Christ

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

Is the better, safer choice in small animal surgery injectible or inhalational anesthsesia? This poster outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the two, with a focus on two widely-used anesthetics, Ketamine and Isoflurane. This project is from the Natural Science Poster Session at Parkland College

Handling Cattle Through High Heat Humidity Indexes, Rob Eirich

Nebraska Beef Quality Assurance Program

As cattlemen enter the summer months, they need to understand and deal with heat and humidity. Consider incorporating the following practices into management plans to help reduce additional stress.

Novel Gammaherpesvirus Functions 1 Encoded By Bovine Herpesvirus (Bovine Lymphotropic Virus), J. Jia, G. Delhon, E. R. Tulman, D. G. Diel, Fernando A. Osorio, X. Wen, G. F. Kutish, D. L. Rock

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The genus Macavirus of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae includes viruses that infect lymphoid cells of domestic and wild ruminants and swine, causing asymptomatic latent infections in reservoir hosts. Here, we describe the genome of bovine herpesvirus 6 (BoHV-6), a

macavirus ubiquitous in healthy cattle populations. The BoHV-6 genome exhibited architecture conserved in macaviruses, including a repetitive H-DNA region and unique, 141 kilobase pair L

DNA region predicted to encode 77 genes. BoHV-6 encoded in variable genomic regions a novel complement of genes relative to other characterized macaviruses, likely contributing to distinctive aspects of BoHV-6 infection biology and host range. Most notably, …

The Roles Of Orthopaedic Pathology And Genetic Determinants In Equine Cervical Stenotic Myelopathy, Jennifer Gail Janes

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Cervical stenotic myelopathy (CSM) is an important musculoskeletal and neurologic disease of the horse. Clinical disease occurs due to malformations of the vertebrae in the neck causing stenosis of the cervical vertebral canal and subsequent spinal cord compression. The disease is multifactorial in nature, therefore a clearer understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of CSM will allow for improved management and therapeutic practices. This thesis examines issues of equine CSM diagnosis, skeletal tissue pathology, and inherited genetic determinants utilizing advances in biomedical imaging technologies and equine genomics. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data provided a more complete assessment of the cervical …

Modulation Of Type-I Interferon Mediated Immune Response: A Novel Innate Immune Evasion Strategy Of Equine Herpesvirus 1, Sanjay Sarkar

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is one of the major viral pathogens causing respiratory disease, abortion, perinatal mortality and neurologic disease among horses resulting in significant economic losses to the equine industry. The virus can also remain latent in the horses and recrudesce at any time. Type-I interferons (IFNs) act as a first line of defense against many viral infections.

In this study we investigated the type-I IFN response against the neuropathogenic T953 strain of EHV-1 in equine endothelial cells (EECs). The results showed that after a transient induction of IFN-β mRNA as well as protein at an early time (3h) post …

Evaluation Of The Susceptibility And Humoral Immune Response Of Foals To Rhodococcus Equi Infection, Macarena G. Sanz

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

While Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) remains the most common cause of subacute or chronic granulomatous bronchopneumonia in foals, development of a relevant model to study this bacterium has proven difficult. As a result, the reasons for the underlying foal’s susceptibility to this disease are not well understood. Furthermore, data regarding the immune response of foals to R. equi infection remains controversial. We hypothesized that foals are susceptible to R. equi early in life and that this susceptibility decreases with age. Also, we hypothesized that specific subclasses of IgG antibodies to the virulence-associated protein of R. equi, VapA, …

Anti-Müllerian Hormone In Stallions And Mares: Physiological Variations, Clinical Applications, And Molecular Aspects, Anthony N.J. Claes

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a homodimeric glycoprotein that is best known for its role in regression of the Müllerian duct in the male fetus. Accumulating evidence indicates that AMH also has an important role during different physiological processes after birth. In contrast to other species, relatively little is known about AMH in the horse. In chapter one, developmental and seasonal changes in serum AMH concentrations in male horses were determined, and the use of AMH for determination of retained cryptorchid testes was established. In chapter two, the interrelationship between plasma AMH concentrations, antral follicle counts (AFC), and age in mares …

Role Of Viral And Host Factors In Influenza Virus Mediated Inhibition Of Interleukin-23, Ashish Tiwari

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Influenza virus is one of the major respiratory pathogens of humans as well as animals, including equines. There is an increasing evidence that bacterial infections are the most common cause of the death during influenza. In horses also, secondary bacterial pneumonia can lead to death, and surviving horses may take up to six months for the complete recovery resulting in heavy economic loss to the equine industry. Interleukin (IL)-23 mediated innate immune response has been shown to protect the host from various respiratory bacterial infections. However, studies to investigate the role of host and viral factors in the regulation of …

Examination Of The Snsag Surface Antigen Gene Family In Sarcocystis Neurona, Ablesh Gautam

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Sarcocystis neurona is a protozoan parasite that causes the serious neurologic disease equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). The life cycle of S. neurona progresses through multiple developmental stages that differ morphologically and molecularly. The S. neurona merozoite surface is covered by multiple related proteins, which are orthologous to the surface antigen (SAG) gene family of Toxoplasma gondii. The SAG surface antigens in T. gondii and another related parasite Neospora caninum are life cycle stage-specific and seem necessary for parasite transmission and persistence of infection. The present research was conducted to explore the gene family of SnSAGs in S. …

Studies On Equine Placentitis, Igor Frederico Canisso

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Two types of placentitis were studied: ascending and nocardioform placentitis. Although the first diagnosis of nocardioform placentitis was made three decades ago, little is known about the disease, due to the lack of an experimental model. In attempt to develop a research model, Crossiela equi was inoculated through intrauterine, intravenous, intrapharyngeal, and oral routes, but none of the routes resulted in nocardioform placentitis. This may indicate that unidentified factors may play a role in disease pathogenesis and that simple presence of bacteria is not sufficient to induce nocardioform placentitis. The second and major component of this dissertation involved the identification …

Characterization Of Ige-Mediated Cutaneous Immediate And Late-Phase Reactions In Non-Allergic Horses, Michelle Woodward

LSU Master's Theses

ABSTRACT Objectives – To characterize the response of horse skin following intradermal injection of polyclonal rabbit anti-canine IgE (anti-IgE) and rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) in an attempt to develop a model of equine allergic skin disease. Study design - In vivo study. Animals – 10 Adult Thoroughbred horses. Methods –Horses were injected intradermally with one of two different concentrations of anti-IgE and rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG). Wheal measurements and injection site biopsies were obtained before and 20 min, 6 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr after injection. Tissue sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Luna, and Toluidine Blue. Immunohistochemistry …

Relationships Between Equine Management Practices And Intestinal Parasite Infection, Abigail Pagel

Honors Projects

Parasitology is an important area of veterinary medicine, but the risk factors for high parasite loads are not well-understood. Equine intestinal parasites can cause extensive disease and death. In the current study, the relationship between equine intestinal parasite loads and adherence to veterinary guidelines for equine management practices was studied. Satisfactory adherence to guidelines regarding food, pasture, and flooding management was related to lower parasite loads. Adherence to guidelines regarding deworming, quarantine, bedding, and water did not appear to lower parasite loads. Still, adhering to these guidelines has been shown to improve equine welfare, even if they are not related …

Cardiovascular Tolerance And Safety Of Intravenous Lidocaine In The Broiler Chicken (Gallus Gallus Domesticus), Joao Manuel Lemos Brandao

LSU Master's Theses

Lidocaine, an amide local anesthetic agent, is commonly used in mammals, including humans. There is a general assumption that birds are more sensitive to lidocaine than mammals. Relatively low doses of lidocaine have been suggested to cause toxic effects in birds. While this information appears to be anecdotal, it has been perpetuated in the literature. The overall objective of this thesis research was to determine the tolerance and safety of intravenous lidocaine in broiler chickens. To assess the cardiovascular effects of lidocaine, relative changes on heart rate and mean blood pressure were calculated. Clinically significant cardiovascular effects were defined as …

Distillers Grains Supplementation In A Forage System With Spayed Heifers, Kari L. Gillespie, Terry J. Klopfenstein, James C. Macdonald Donald, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Cody J. Schneider, Jerry D. Volesky, Galen Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Spayed heifers were developed into yearlings by grazing corn residue and bromegrass, followed by native range, and were finished on a common diet. Treatments were 2 lb or 5 lb of wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS; DM basis) supplement on corn residue daily, and modified distillers grains with solubles (MDGS) fed at 0.6% BW daily or no MDGS during summer grazing. Feeding 5 lb increased winter ADG by 0.68 lb (year 1) or 0.40 lb (year 2) compared to 2 lb, and increased HCW after finishing. Summer supplementation increased summer ADG by 0.50 lb (year 1) or 0. 44 …

Feeding Elevated Levels Of Corn Silage And Mdgs In Finishing Diets, Dirk B. Burken, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Terry J. Klopfenstein Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A finishing experiment evaluatedsubstitution of corn silage and modified distillers grains with solubles (MDGS) in place of corn. The treatment arrangementwas a 2 X 2 + 1 factorial with 15 or 45% corn silage and 20 or 40% MDGS plus a control containing 5% cornstalks and 40% MDGS. There were interactions between corn silage and MDGS for carcass adjusted performance. As corn silage inclusion was increased in the diet, F:G increased when fed with 20% MDGS, however there was no difference when fed with 40% MDGS.

Transitioning Cattle From Ramp® To A Finishing Diet On Feedlot Performance And Feed Intake Variance, Cody J. Schneider, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Dirk B. Burken Burken, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Individually fed cattle were adapted to high grain diets with a traditional grain adaptation program or one of two RAMP^® adaptation programs. RAMP programs adapted cattle to a finishing diet gradually over 28 days in four steps or directly without an adaptation. Feed intake variance among d was greater for traditionally adapted cattle compared to either RAMP program, but DMI was not different during the adaptation period. Over the 138-day period, feedlot performance and carcass traits were not affected by adaptation treatment. Cattle fed RAMP for 10 days can be transitioned to a finishing ration containing 47.5% Sweet Bran …