Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Mycoplasma Arginini: High Frequency Involvement In Goat Pneumonia, Rekha Valsala, Rajneesh Rana, Arun Thachappully Remesh, Vijendra Pal Singh

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Mycoplasmas are an important class of bacteria associated with caprine pneumonia. Some of the main species involved are M. mycoides subsp. capri, M. capricolum subsp. capricolum, and M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae. In addition, there are frequent reports of M. arginini involvement. In the present study an attempt was made to see the association of various mollicutes in caprine pneumonia. In total 244 pneumonic goat lung samples collected over a 10-year period (2003-2012) were screened for the isolation and identification of associated mollicutes. The identification was done on the basis of biochemical tests, growth inhibition test, PCR, and sequencing. The most …

The Physiological Stress Response To Acute Thermal Exposure Inblack Sea Trout (Salmo Trutta Labrax Pallas, 1814), Zeynep Dengi̇z Balta, Süleyman Akhan, Fi̇kri̇ Balta

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, we aimed to investigate the acute stress responses of Black Sea trout to acute thermal fluctuations. Black Sea trout (184.22 g mean weight) were transferred from a private trout farm to a research center and restocked in a fiberglass square tank. After acclimation to culture conditions (at a water temperature of 15 °C) for 2 weeks, the fish in the experiment were exposed to 25 °C water temperature for 30 min, and the stress responses of the fish were examined at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h. After acute thermal shock, cortisol and …

Diselementosis As A Risk Factor Of Embryo Loss In Lactating Cows, Sergey Shabunin, Anatoliy Nezhdanov, Vitaliy Mikhalev, Elena Lozovaya, Anton Chernitskiy

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this research was to reveal the impact of bioelemental status of dairy cows on intrauterine growth restriction and embryo death at early gestation stages. The research included 22 Holstein cows with average annual dairy productivity of 6400-7600 kg. All animals were subjected to transrectal ultrasonography to determine corpus luteum and pregnancy status, and their blood was sampled for biochemical analyses on the 19th-22nd, 28th-32nd, and 38th-45th days of gestation. Zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium blood contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were determined with an automatic biochemistry analyzer. Protein-bound …

Estradiol 17 Beta-Dehydrogenase 5 Is Involved In Aflatoxin B1 Transportation, Yanling Yang, Yaling Huang, Linmao Zeng, Yuanyuan Gao, Yu Li, Yanguang Ji, Shihua Wang, Kunzhi Jia, Zhenhong Zhuang

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Numerous studies have focused on the mechanism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) metabolism and its carcinogenic mechanism, but how AFB1 is transported into hepatocytes and how it is transferred inside hepatocytes remains unknown. In this study, the AFB1-interacting protein, estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase 5 (Akr1c6), was identified with an immobilized affinity chromatography technique and LC-MS/MS. The interaction between Akr1c6 and AFB1 was confirmed with ELISA, and the results showed that Akr1c6 could efficiently bind AFB1. Anti-Akr1c6 polyclonal antibody from rabbit was prepared, and the IC50 values of AFB1 to BRL (normal big rat liver cells) and NRK (normal rat kidney cells) were …

Effect Of Phytase On True Total Tract Digestibility Of Phosphorus In Full-Fat Rice Bran Determined In Pigs By Regression Method, Walter Lucca, Marcos Ceron, Matheus Lucca, Lucas Casagrande, Leonardo Rocha, Irineo Zanella, Vladimir Oliveira

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The goal of this study was to determine the effect of phytase on true total tract digestibility of phosphorus (TTDP) and endogenous losses of phosphorus (ELP) of full-fat rice bran (FFRB) by simple linear regression. Twelve castrated pigs in the growing phase with an average live weight of 57.00 ± 2.50 kg were used. The experiment lasted 36 days, divided into three periods of 12 days each. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme, with two levels of fungal phytase (0 and 750 FTU $\mathbb{kg}^-1$ ) and three levels of phosphorus (P) coming …

The Protective Efficacy Of Immunoglobulin Y From Immunized Chickens Against Salmonella Infections In Mice, Hasan Hüseyi̇n Hadi̇mli̇, Zafer Sayin, Gökçenur Sani̇oğlu Gölen

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) obtained from chickens immunized with Salmonella vaccines. Chickens were vaccinated three times with inactivated monovalent, bivalent, and combined vaccines. Immunized hen eggs were collected after the third vaccination and IgYs were purified. In total, 100 mice were orally challenged with Salmonella serotypes. After the challenge, IgYs were orally administered to mice. Mice were observed for morbidity and mortality. Fecal samples from the mice were also cultured for the reisolation of Salmonella serotypes. The antibody titers in the serum samples of vaccinated chickens were higher than those …

Involucrin Expression In Three-Dimentional Cell Culture And Prognostic Parameters Of Canine Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Scc) In Canine Patients And In Ultraviolet Radiation Induced Cultured Cells, Nongnut Assawawongkasem

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The objectives of this study are 1) to demonstrate the involucrin (INV) expression and prognostic parameters in normal skin and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), 2) to develop the artificial epidermis in dog and 3) to study the effect of INV expression on pathogenesis of ultraviolet radiation induced CSCC in dog.The first experiment is to determine the protein expression by Immunofluorescence technic (IFC) and mRNA expression of INV,Cytokeratin 10 (CK10), Ki67 and p53 normal skin(n=6) and CSCC (n=6) in dog.The protein expression pattern was demonstrated that INV and CK10 were positive in intra-cytoplasmic pattern in nucleated epidermis. While, intra-nuclear pattern …

Identification Of Serum Proteomic Profile In Canine Lymphomas, Piyanoot Fonghem

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Lymphoma is the third most commonly diagnosed, malignant hematopoietic tumor in dogs, and it is similar to human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Proteomics refer to the large-scale study of proteins, including their structures as well as their complex protein mixtures. It also involves identifying the changes in the protein isoforms and posttranslational modifications expressed by genetic material under defined specific conditions. This study was aimed at identifying the serum proteomic profiles of canine lymphoma compared with healthy dogs by using Tandem Mass Tag (TMT). Blood samples from twenty lymphoma and four healthy dogs were collected. All cases were categorized according to the …

Fatigue Study Of Cancellous And Cortical Stainless Steel Screws Used With Polymethymethacrylate And The Sop Plate System For The Immobilisation Of Vertebral Fracture And Luxation In Canine Cadavers, Mingrath Mekavichai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Globally, vertebral fracture and luxation (VFL) are one of the most common neurological injuries in dogs and cats. The standard care for vertebral body stabilisation of canine VFL are screws with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and the string of pearls (SOP) plate system fixation. The VFL with implants are usually exposed to force in a repetitive or cyclic loading fashion. Indeed, stress on the implant cyclically at a load significantly less than its ultimate tensile strength can cause fatigue failure, one of the major causes of implant breakage. This study aims to compare the failure mode of four different implants using a …

Cytolytic Toxin Production By Staphylococcus Aureus Is Dependent Upon The Activity Of The Protoheme Ix Farnesyltransferase, Emily Stevens, Maisem Laabei, Stewart Gardner, Greg A. Somerville, Ruth C. Massey

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Staphylococcus aureus is a medically important pathogen with an abundance of virulence factors that are necessary for survival within a host, including the production of cytolytic toxins. The regulation of toxin production is mediated by the Agr quorum sensing system, and a poorly defined post-exponential growth phase signal independent of Agr. As part of a recent genome wide association study (GWAS) to identify novel loci that alter the expression of cytolytic toxins, a polymorphism in the cyoE gene, which encodes a protoheme IX farnesyltransferase, was identified. This enzyme is essential for processing heme into the electron transport chain for use …

The Effects Of Methamphetamine Exposure On Cardiovascular Development In Combination With Hypoxia In Danio Rerio, Sarah Donaldson

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of methamphetamine combined with hypoxia on the development and function of the cardiovascular system in Danio rerio embryos. It was hypothesized that the combined effect of the drug and decreased oxygen concentration would result in decreased cardiac parameters due to underdevelopment of the ventricle and vessels resulting from cardiomyopathy and lack of blood flow to tissues. It was found that methamphetamine exposure correlated to an increase in stroke volume, caudal artery and vein diameters and RBC velocities alone, while having a multiplicative effect of increasing arterial RBC velocity when combined …

Investigation Of Effects Of Fucoidan Polysaccharides Extracted From Twospecies Of Padina On The Wound-Healing Process In The Rat, Moazameh Kordjazi, Bahareh Shabanpour, Ebrahim Zabihi, Mohammad Ali Faramarzi, Hassan Ahmadi Gavlighi, Seyed Mohammad Amin Feghhi, Seyed Abbas Hosseini

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Seaweeds contains different types of polysaccharides with high abilities. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of fucoidan polysaccharides for wound-healing properties. Fucoidans of two species of Padina (P. tetrastromatica and P. boergesenii), collected from the Persian Gulf northern coastal area, were extracted and analyzed using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. Purified fucoidans were used to prepare a 2% topical ointment. Under aseptic conditions, two identical paravertebral full-thickness skin wounds (either by burn or excision) were made in 40 anesthetized male rats allocated into 4 groups. Either fucoidan ointments or the vehicle (ointment base) were applied to rats' wounds …

Field Investigation Of Trypanosoma Evansi And Comparative Analysisof Diagnostic Tests In Horses From Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Sonia Tehseen, Nusrat Jahan, Marc Desquesnes, Mirza Imran Shahzad, Muhammad Fiaz Qamar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In order to assess the prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi, a parasitological, molecular, and serological-based investigation was carried out in randomly sampled horses (n = 375) belonging to different age groups, sexes, and localities from the district of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The diagnostic performance of applied tests was also compared. The prevalence was recorded as 0.5% with Woo's test, 1.3% with both ITS CF/BR PCR and RoTat 1.2 PCR, and 14.4% with CATT/T.evansi. Based on CATT/T.evansi, significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were observed for prevalence estimates according to different localities, sexes, body condition scores, and origins. A nonsignificant difference (P ≥ 0.05) …

Comparison Of Four Ultrasonographic Approaches For The Diagnosis Ofacquired Reticular Diaphragmatic Hernia In Bovidae, Ashwani Kumar, Vandana Sangwan, Jitender Mohindroo, Narinder Singh Saini, Simrat Sagar Singh

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to look at four ultrasonographic approaches that diagnose acquired reticular diaphragmatic hernia (RDH) using either left or right caudal thoracic approaches (4th/5th intercostal space) and compare them to those made more cranially (1st/2nd intercostal space). Each sonographic observation was made in 27 unsedated, standing animals (22 buffaloes and 5 cattle) that were surgically confirmed for RDH. Using the right caudal thoracic approach, the herniated reticulum was seen as medial to the thoracic wall at a depth of 3-5 cm and adjacent to the cardiac silhouette. With the left caudal thoracic approach, the herniated reticulum …

Effects Of Ketamine On Monoamine Neurotransmittersand Gaba In Embryonic Neurocytes From Fetal Rat, Xinran Li, Mo Liu, Yue Li, Cen Guo, Lina Li, Yanan Li, Yuxin Wang, Yiming Zhang, Li Gao

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effect of ketamine, a drug commonly used as an anesthetic, on monoaminergic neurotransmitters and GABA in neurocytes from fetal rats has not yet been elucidated. We thus decided to investigate these effects by first evaluating ketamine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography. We thus determined the concentrations of GABA, DA, NE, 5-HT, and 5-HIAA following the addition of four different concentrations of ketamine at day 7 of nerve cell culture. GABA, 5-HT, and 5-HIAA levels were increased after an initial decrease: they showed the lowest levels at 10-15 min and the highest peaks at 45-90 min, …

Evidence Of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus Excretion In The Milk Ofapparently Healthy Vaccinated Buffaloes In Islamabad, Pakistan, Hafiziftikhar Ahmed, Umer Farooq, Aamer Bin Zahur, Khalid Naeem, Asma Latif, Hamid Irshad

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and isolation of the FMD virus (FMDV) in the milk of apparently healthy Asian buffaloes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in periurban dairy farms (n = 20) on ≥20 animals per farm in the suburbs of Islamabad, Pakistan. Sera samples (n = 200) were collected to monitor FMDV seroconversions. The analysis of serum samples using ELISA indicated a high seroprevalence of FMD (78%; 156/200) in Asian buffaloes. Milk samples were collected from FMDV seropositive animals only, and virus-specific signals were detected in 12.2% (19/156) of the …

Effects Of Season On Semen Parameters And Relationships Between Selected Semen Characteristics In Hypor Boars, Krzysztof Górski, Stanislaw Kondracki, Anna Wysokinska

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the season of the year on the quality of Hypor boar semen and to determine the correlations between selected semen characteristics in particular seasons. Ejaculates from Hypor boars were analyzed for volume, sperm concentration, percentage of spermatozoa with normal motility, total number of spermatozoa, and the number of insemination doses per ejaculate. Microscopic slides were prepared from semen samples. Each sample was evaluated for the morphology of spermatozoa. Spermatozoa with normal morphology were counted, as well as those with both major and minor abnormalities. Spermatozoa were measured for morphometric …

Development Of Leptospiral Outer Membrane Protein-Based Dot-Elisa Assays And Immunoprofiling For Diagnosis Of Acute Canine Leptospirosis, Vamshi Krishna Sriram, Siju Joseph, Ambily Ramachandran, Mini Mangattumuruppel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was carried out to evaluate outer membrane protein (OMP)-based relatively simple dot-ELISA assays for the diagnosis of acute canine leptospirosis and to identify the differential expression of leptospiral OMPs for identifying the markers of acute infection, if any. Among 91 canine serum samples screened, 63 samples were found to be positive by MAT. All the samples were tested by OMP-based IgM and IgG dot ELISAs. The sensitivities of IgM and IgG dot ELISA in comparison to MAT (titer: ≥1:400) were found to be 100%, whereas the specificities were found to be 89.71% and 45.31%, respectively. IgM and …

Effect Of Dosage And Duration Of Altrenogest Treatmenton Follicular Development And Ovulation In Sows*, Supatee Kitkha, Alongkot Boonsoongnern, Nattavut Ratanavanichrojn, Pichai Jirawattanapong, Anuchai Pinyopummin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of altrenogest (ALT) treatment on follicular development and ovulation in sows. Sows (parity 6-9; D0: weaning day) were assigned to four treatments as follows: control (no ALT treatment; n = 20), ALT-4-0 (ALT 20 mg/day, 5 days; D-4-D0; n = 20), ALT-4-2 (ALT 20 mg/day, 7 days; D-4-D2; n = 23), and 2ALT-4-2 (ALT 20 mg twice a day [40 mg/day], 7 days; D-4-D2; n = 24). The sows in each group were further divided into three groups based on slaughter periods: day 1 (DF1) and day 4 (DF4) of …

Extraskeletal Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma Of The Subcutaneous Tissue In A Maltese Dog, Byungjoon Seung, Junghyung Ju, Seunghee Cho, Soohyeon Kim, Hwan Choi, Junghyang Sur

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A 10-year-old spayed female Maltese dog presented to a local animal hospital with a subcutaneous mass (4 x 3 x 3 cm) in the right shoulder region. The mass was well circumscribed, with soft tissue opacity and variable levels of mineralization, but with no bony involvement in radiography. The mass was surgically removed. Upon histological examination, the mass consisted of malignant mesenchymal cells that had produced a chondroid matrix and osteoid. Round to polygonal neoplastic cells with large nuclei showed moderate anisokaryosis and variable numbers of mitotic figures. The tumor cells were positive for vimentin and osteocalcin and negative for …

Rapid Typing Of Mannheimia Haemolytica Major Genotypes 1 And 2 Using Maldi-Tof Mass Spectrometry, John Dustin Loy, Michael L. Clawson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Genotype 2 M. haemolytica predominantly associate over genotype 1 with the lungs of cattle with respiratory disease and ICEs containing antimicrobial resistance genes. Distinct protein masses were detected by MALDI-TOF MS between genotype 1 and 2 strains. MALDI-TOF MS could rapidly differentiate genotype 2 strains in veterinary diagnostic laboratories.

Efficacy Of Urtoxazumab (Tma-15 Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Specific For Shiga Toxin 2) Against Post-Diarrheal Neurological Sequelae Caused By Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Infection In The Neonatal Gnotobiotic Piglet Model, Rodney A. Moxley, David H. Francis, Mizuho Tamura, David B. Marx, Kristina Santiago-Mateo, Mojun Zhao

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is the most common cause of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in human patients, with brain damage and dysfunction the main cause of acute death. We evaluated the efficacy of urtoxazumab (TMA-15, Teijin Pharma Limited), a humanized monoclonal antibody against Shiga toxin (Stx) 2 for the prevention of brain damage, dysfunction, and death in a piglet EHEC infection model. Forty-five neonatal gnotobiotic piglets were inoculated orally with 3 x 10⁹ colony-forming units of EHEC O157:H7 strain EDL933 (Stx1⁺, Stx2⁺) when 22–24 h old. At 24 h post-inoculation, piglets were intraperitoneally …

Branched Chain Α-Ketoacid Dehydrogenase Kinase 111–130, A T Cell Epitope That Induces Both Autoimmune Myocarditis And Hepatitis In A/J Mice, Bharathi Krishnan, Chandirasegara Massilamany, Rakesh H. Basavalingappa, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Guobin Kang, Qingsheng Li, Francisco A. Uzal, Jennifer L. Strande, Gustavo A. Delhon, Jean-Jack Riethoven, David J. Steffen, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Introduction: Organ-specific autoimmune diseases are believed to result from immune responses generated against self-antigens specific to each organ. However, when such responses target antigens expressed promiscuously in multiple tissues, then the immune-mediated damage may be wide spread.

Methods: In this report, we describe a mitochondrial protein, branched chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKD_k) that can act as a target autoantigen in the development of autoimmune inflammatory reactions in both heart and liver.

Results: We demonstrate that BCKD_k protein contains at least nine immunodominant epitopes, three of which, BCKD_k 71–90, BCKD_k 111–130 and BCKD_k 141–160, …

Β1-Adrenergic Receptor Contains Multiple IaK And IeK Binding Epitopes That Induce T Cell Responses With Varying Degrees Of Autoimmune Myocarditis In A/J Mice, Rakesh H. Basavalingappa, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Bharathi Krishnan, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Rajkumar A. Rajasekaran, Muhammad Z. Afzal, Jean-Jack Riethoven, Jennifer L. Strande, David J. Steffen, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Myocarditis/dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients can develop autoantibodies to various cardiac antigens and one major antigen is β1-adrenergic receptor (β₁AR). Previous reports indicate that animals immunized with a β₁AR fragment encompassing, 197–222 amino acids for a prolonged period can develop DCM by producing autoantibodies, but existence of T cell epitopes, if any, were unknown. Using A/J mice that are highly susceptible to lymphocytic myocarditis, we have identified β₁AR 171–190, β₁AR 181–200, and β₁AR 211–230 as the major T cell epitopes that bind major histocompatibility complex class II/IA^k or IE^{k …}

The Effect Of Feed Form On Diet Digestibility And Cecal Parameters In Rabbits, Isabella Corsato Alvarenga, Charles Gregory Aldrich, Micah Kohles

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Fifteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to one of 3 dietary treatment groups of 5 animals each and fed pelleted, extruded, or muesli diets in a completely randomized design experiment. Rabbits were placed in individual cages with ad libitum access to water and food for 45 days acclimation followed by 30 days experimental period. Feed intake of rabbits fed pelleted and extruded diets was greater (p < 0.05) than rabbits fed the muesli diet (125.6 and 130.4 vs. 91.9 g/d), but weight change and feed efficiency were not affected by treatment. Diet digestibility among the treatments was inconsistent when comparing results obtained from total fecal collection and AIA (please define) as an internal marker. Rabbits fed extruded and pelleted diets had lower (p < 0.05) cecal pH (6.42 and 6.38 vs. 7.02, respectively), and higher (p < 0.05) production of SCFA (18.5 and 19.0 vs. 11.7 mM, respectively) than those fed muesli. The fermentation products from rabbits fed pelleted and extruded diets had a greater proportion of butyrate and less propionate than rabbits fed muesli. The results of this study indicate that the basal dietary composition had a greater impact on diet utilization and cecal fermentation than food form.

Mechanistic Understanding Of N-Glycosylation In Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Maturation And Function, Bin Wang, Yujie Wang, Dylan A. Frabutt, Xihe Zhang, Xiaoyu Yao, Dan Hu, Zhuo Zhang, Chaonan Liu, Shimin Zheng, Shi-Hua Xiang, Yong-Hui Zheng

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The Ebola virus (EBOV) trimeric envelope glycoprotein (GP) precursors are cleaved into the receptor-binding GP₁ and the fusion-mediating GP₂ subunits and incorporated into virions to initiate infection. GP₁ and GP₂ form heterodimers that have 15 or two N-glycosylation sites (NGSs), respectively. Here we investigated the mechanism of how N-glycosylation contributes to GP expression, maturation, and function. As reported before, we found that, although GP₁ NGSs are not critical, the two GP₂ NGSs, Asn⁵⁶³ and Asn⁶¹⁸, are essential for GP function. Further analysis uncovered that Asn⁵⁶³ and Asn^{618 …}

A Novel Role Of Silibinin As A Putative Epigenetic Modulator In Human Prostate Carcinoma, Ioannis Anestopoulos, Aristeidis P. Sfakianos, Rodrigo Franco, Katerina Chlichlia, Mihalis I. Panayiotidis, David J. Kroll, Aglaia Pappa

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Silibinin, extracted from milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), has exhibited considerable preclinical activity against prostate carcinoma. Its antitumor and chemopreventive activities have been associated with diverse effects on cell cycle, apoptosis, and receptor-dependent mitogenic signaling pathways. Here we hypothesized that silibinin’s pleiotropic effects may reflect its interference with epigenetic mechanisms in human prostate cancer cells. More specifically, we have demonstrated that silibinin reduces gene expression levels of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) members Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), Suppressor of Zeste Homolog 12 (SUZ12), and Embryonic Ectoderm Development (EED) in DU145 and PC3 human prostate cancer cells, …

Pathogenesis, Molecular Genetics, And Genomics Of Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis, The Etiologic Agent Of Johne’S Disease, Govardhan Rathnaiah, Denise K. Zinniel, John P. Bannantine, Judith R. Stabel, Yrjo T. Grohn, Michael T. Collins, Raul G. Barletta

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiologic agent of Johne’s disease in ruminants causing chronic diarrhea, malnutrition, and muscular wasting. Neonates and young animals are infected primarily by the fecal–oral route. MAP attaches to, translocates via the intestinal mucosa, and is phagocytosed by macrophages. The ensuing host cellular immune response leads to granulomatous enteritis characterized by a thick and corrugated intestinal wall. We review various tissue culture systems, ileal loops, and mice, goats, and cattle used to study MAP pathogenesis. MAP can be detected in clinical samples by microscopy, culturing, PCR, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There are commercial …

Ccpa Affects Infectivity Of Staphylococcus Aureus In A Hyperglycemic Environment, Markus Bischoff, Bodo Wonnenberg, Nadine Nippe, Naja J. Nyffenegger-Jann, Meike Voss, Christoph Beisswenger, Cord Sunderkotter, Virginie Molle, Quoc Thai Dinh, Frank Lammert, Robert Bals, Mathias Herrmann, Greg A. Somerville, Thomas Tschernig, Rosmarie Gaupp

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Many bacteria regulate the expression of virulence factors via carbon catabolite responsive elements. In Gram-positive bacteria, the predominant mediator of carbon catabolite repression is the catabolite control protein A (CcpA). Hyperglycemia is a widespread disorder that predisposes individuals to an array of symptoms and an increased risk of infections. In hyperglycemic individuals, the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus causes serious, life-threatening infections. The importance of CcpA in regulating carbon catabolite repression in S. aureus suggests it may be important for infections in hyperglycemic individuals. To test this suggestion, hyperglycemic non-obese diabetic (NOD; blood glucose level ≥20 mM) mice were challenged with the …

In Vitro Porcine Blastocyst Development In Three-Dimensional Alginate Hydrogels, Jeremy R. Miles, Taylor D. Laughlin, Catherine Sargus-Patino, Angela K. Pannier

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Appropriate embryonic and fetal development significantly impact pregnancy success and, therefore, the efficiency of swine production. The pre-implantation period of porcine pregnancy is characterized by several developmental hallmarks, which are initiated by the dramatic morphological change that occurs as pig blastocysts elongate from spherical to filamentous blastocysts. Deficiencies in blastocyst elongation contribute to approximately 20% of embryonic loss, and have a direct influence on within-litter birth weight variation. Although factors identified within the uterine environment may play a role in blastocyst elongation, little is known about the exact mechanisms by which porcine (or other species’) blastocysts initiate and progress through …