Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Dynamics Of Larkspur (Delphinium Barbeyi) Pellet Consumption And Tolerance Of The Inhibitory Effects Of Larkspur Alkaloids On Muscle Function In Cattle., Benedict T. Green, Jim Pfister, Dale Gardner, Kevin Welch, Daniel Cook

Poisonous Plant Research (PPR)

Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) are toxic native plants on foothill and mountain rangelands in western North America, which poison cattle grazing on those rangelands. The purpose of this study was to examine in a laboratory setting, the subclinical effects of larkspur intake and toxicosis, by allowing larkspur susceptible and resistant cattle to self-select the amount of larkspur consumed in pellet form. We hypothesized that there would be differences in short term (9 – 11 day) pellet consumption between susceptible and resistant animals. Two trials were completed, each with larkspur resistant and susceptible Angus steers, and larkspur-alfalfa pellets at a 12% …

Establishment Of Laboratory Methods To Assess The Application Of Blood Transfusions In Reptiles, Anke Cordula Stoehr

LSU Master's Theses

A broad knowledge base on veterinary transfusion medicine has been developed in common mammalian species, but little is known in reptiles. The goals of this thesis were to establish laboratory methods to assess the application of blood transfusions in reptiles. Morphological and physiological differences in reptiles, including their erythrocytes, hamper direct adaption of mammalian laboratory methods.

Quantification of percentage hemolysis is a crucial tool for quality assessment of stored red blood cell products. We evaluated measurement of the required analytes for this calculation (supernatant and total hemoglobin) with different methods in blood from American alligators and found that the use …

Structure, Function And Metabolism Of Hepatic And Adipose Tissue Lipid Droplets: Implications In Alcoholic Liver Disease, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Karuna Rasineni, Murali Ganesan, Dan Feng, Benita L. Mcvicker, Mark A. Mcniven, Natalia A. Osna, Justin L. Mott, Carol A. Casey, Kusum K. Kharbanda

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

For more than 30 years, lipid droplets (LDs) were considered as an inert bag of lipid for storage of energy-rich fat molecules. Following a paradigm shift almost a decade ago, LDs are presently considered an active subcellular organelle especially designed for assembling, storing and subsequently supplying lipids for generating energy and membrane synthesis (and in the case of hepatocytes for VLDL secretion). LDs also play a central role in many other cellular functions such as viral assembly and protein degradation. Here, we have explored the structural and functional changes that occur in hepatic and adipose tissue LDs following chronic ethanol …

Effects Of A Vitamin And Mineral Bolus On Beef Heifer Feedlot Performance, Feeding Behavior, Carcass Characteristics, And Liver Mineral Concentrations, Kacie L. Mccarthy, Sarah R. Underdahl, Carl R. Dahlen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Crossbred beef heifers (n = 23; initial body weight [BW] = 370 ± 12 kg) housed at the North Dakota State University Beef Cattle Research Complex in Fargo, North Dakota, were used to evaluate the effects of a 250-d slow-release vitamin and mineral bolus on feedlot performance, feeding behavior, carcass characteristics, and liver mineral concentrations. Heifers were assigned to one of two treatments: 1) received no supplemental mineral or vitamin (CON, n = 12 or 2) received two boluses on day 0 (minimum of 3,740 mg Ca, 16,456 mg Mg, 112 mg Na, 11,220 mg Cu, 2,995 mg I, …

Development And Management Of Canine Adverse Food Reactions And Its Connections To The Grain-Free Dog Food Movement, Savannah Dunn

Senior Honors Theses

Canine Adverse Food Reactions include immunologically-mediated food allergies as well as non-immunological food intolerances. Although popular belief holds grains are responsible for AFR, the majority are aggravated by the common protein sources found in commercial dog foods. Elimination diets, a time-intensive method in which suspected allergens are removed from the dog’s diet, are the most effective form of diagnosis, though alternative techniques including patch testing and serum antibody tests have been explored. Presently, avoidance of allergens is the recommended management approach. The erroneous association of grains with AFR has led to the rise of grain-free dog food. However, these nontraditional …

Development And Diagnostic Application Of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus (Sads-Cov), Molly Kroeger

Schultz-Werth Award Papers

Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a member of the Coronaviridae family. The virus is associated with severe small intestine inflammation and diarrhea in suckling piglets. In 2017, SADS-CoV was first detected and identified as the causative agent of a devasting swine disease outbreak in southern China. Routine monitoring and early detection of the source of infection is therefore integral to the prevention and control of a SADS-CoV outbreak in the United States. However, the United States does not currently have any diagnostic or surveillance tests to identify this emerging disease. To address these industry needs, we developed monoclonal …

Talking Trash In The Big Apple: Mitigating Bird Strikes Near The North Shore Marine Transfer Station, Stephan J. Beffre, Brian E. Washburn

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Anthropogenic activities that concentrate wildlife near airports increases the risk of wildlife–aircraft collisions. Placing waste management facilities, natural areas, golf courses, and other landscape features near airports have the potential to attract wildlife hazardous to aviation. We conducted a 3-year study (March 2013–February 2016) to determine if the implementation of a Wildlife Hazard Mitigation Program (WHMP) would influence the bird use of a waste transfer station located near LaGuardia Airport, New York City, New York, USA. We conducted wildlife surveys during 3 phases: (1) no mitigation program and no waste transfer station, (2) active mitigation and no waste transfer station, …

Collective Effect Of Landfills And Landscape Composition On Bird–Aircraft Collisions, Morgan Pfeiffer, Bradley F. Blackwell, Travis L. Devault

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Ninety-three percent of all reported bird strikes occur below 1,067 m, which based on the typical approach and departure angles of aircraft is within 8–13 km of an airport. Concomitantly, the Federal Aviation Administration and the International Civil Aviation Organization recommend that any feature that would attract hazardous wildlife to the approach and departure airspace be restricted. Thus, preventing the establishment of wildlife attractants, such as municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLFs) within 8 km or 13 km extents (U.S. and international recommendations, respectively) of airports, has been recommended to mitigate the risk of bird–aircraft collisions (strikes). However, robust evidence linking …

Comparison Of Comprehensive Health Score In North American Housed Giraffe And Free-Ranging Giraffe From South Africa, Haley Beer

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Stress is evident in many animal species and has been correlated to disease prevalence. During stressful events, allostasis is initiated by physiologic systems to maintain or reestablish homeostasis to protect an organism’s viability. Over time, the acclimation to frequent stress causes systematic dysregulation, leading to the phenomena of increased allostatic load. Allostatic load has been assessed in animal species via serum through selection of representative, multi-system biomarker indices. Perception and number of stress events may impact dysregulation severity, yielding allostatic load as a predictive tool. However, the allostatic load methodology poses application limitations to individuals without historical data and those …

The Effect Of Hay Net Use On Cribbing Horses, Lauren Wesolowski

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

Cribbing is a stereotypic behavior observed in horses, wherein the animal grasps a solid object with its front incisors and contracts its neck muscles to suck in air through its mouth, resulting in an audible grunt. Stereotypic behaviors such as cribbing are thought to be done in response to stress or insufficient stimulus in an animal’s living environment. Slow feeding hay nets can increase the amount of time horses spend eating daily hay rations. This research aims to use slow feeding hay nets to create a feeding process that is closer to natural grazing behavior and provide more stimulation for …

Testing A Key Assumption Of Using Drones As Frightening Devices: Do Birds Perceive Drones As Risky?, Conor C. Egan, Bradley Blackwell, Esteban Fernández-Juricic, Page E. Klug

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Wildlife managers have recently suggested the use of unmanned aircraft systems or drones as nonlethal hazing tools to deter birds from areas of human-wildlife conflict. However, it remains unclear if birds perceive common drone platforms as threatening. Based on field studies assessing behavioral and physiological responses, it is generally assumed that birds perceive less risk from drones than from predators. However, studies controlling for multiple confounding effects have not been conducted. Our goal was to establish the degree to which the perception of risk by birds would vary between common drone platforms relative to a predator model when flown at …

The Parasite Giardia, Ashley Anderson

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

The focus of this research is to better understand how this parasite works. The protozoan Giardia spp is found all over the world and in many species such as dogs, cats, and humans. From its two different forms to the microscopic size of both forms to its ability to destroy intestinal villi and cause symptoms like other parasitic infections, Giardia spp is continuously misdiagnosed. Upon further observation at veterinary clinics and researching science articles, Giardia spp is most commonly found in pets but has the potential to spread to humans via contaminated water. The most commonly infected humans are hikers, …

Cats And Conservationists: The Debate Over Who Owns The Outdoors, Dara M. Wald, Anna L. Peterson

New Directions in the Human-Animal Bond

Cats and Conservationists is the first multidisciplinary analysis of the heated debate about free-roaming cats. The debate pits conservationists against cat lovers, who disagree both on the ecological damage caused by the cats and the best way to manage them. An impassioned and spirited conflict, it also sheds light on larger questions about how we interpret science, incorporate diverse perspectives, and balance competing values in order to encourage constructive dialogue on contentious social and environmental issues.

On one side of the cat debate stand many environmentalists, especially birders and conservation organizations, who believe that outdoor cats seriously threaten native wildlife. …

In Vitro Analysis Of Equine Platelet Rich Plasma And In Vivo Effect Of Cytokines After Repeated Intra-Articular Injections In Osteoarthritic Joints, Carlos Aguilar Miranda

LSU Master's Theses

INTRODUCTION- The use of biologic therapies like platelet rich plasma (PRP) has a potential benefit for the treatment of osteoarthritis in horses. However, key parts of it are still unknown. The objective is to evaluate the degree of platelet activation achieved when in contact with exogenous activators. As well as the long-term effect in the anabolism and catabolism of cytokines involved in equine osteoarthritis.

MATERIAL AND METHODS-In one in vitro study PRP was collected from 6-horses using a commercially available kit. Platelets were exposed to PBS as negative control or to varying concentrations of CaCl2. Activation was determined via cell …

Factors Affecting Bait Site Visitation: Area Of Influence Of Baits, Jacquelyn E. Mcrae, Peter E. Schlichting, Nathan P. Snow, Amy J. Davis, Kurt C. Vercautern, John C. Kilgo, David A. Keiter, James C. Beasley, Kim M. Pepin

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

ABSTRACT Baiting is a fundamental strategy for the global management of wild pigs (Sus scrofa); however, little information exists on how anthropogenic bait affects wild pig movements on a landscape. We investigated factors that are important in determining the spatial area of attraction for wild pigs to bait (‘area of influence’ of a bait site) using data from Global Positioning System (GPS) collars and locations of bait sites. We monitored movements of wild pigs in 2 distinct study areas in the United States from February to September 2016 and used locational data using GPS collars to analyze the influence of …

A Rapid Population Assessment Method For Wild Pigs Using Baited Cameras At 3 Study Site, Peter E. Schlichting, James C. Beasley, Raoul K. Boughton, Amy J. Davis, Kim M. Pepin, Michael P. Glow, Ryan S. Miller, Kurt C. Vercautern, Jesse S. Lewis

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Reliable and efficient population estimates are a critical need for effective management of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa). We evaluated the use of 10‐day camera grids for rapid population assessment (RPA) of wild pigs at 3 study sites that varied in vegetation communities and wild pig densities. Study areas included Buck Island Ranch, Florida; Tejon Ranch, California; and the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA, during 2016–2018. Rapid population assessments grids were composed of baited camera traps spaced approximately 500 or 750 m apart. Two RPA grids were deployed per study site and each grid was deployed twice (4–6 months …

Summer Research Internships In Agricultural Biotechnology For Off-Campus Undergraduate Students, Aaron J. Thomas

Funded Research Records

No abstract provided.

Relationships Between Survival And Habitat Suitability Of Semi- Aquatic Mammals, Isidro Barela, Leslie M. Burger, Jimmy Taylor, Kristine O. Evans, Ryo Ogawa, Lance Mcclintic, Guiming Wang

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Spatial distribution and habitat selection are integral to the study of animal ecology. Habitat selection may optimize the fitness of individuals. Hutchinsonian niche theory posits the fundamental niche of species would support the persistence or growth of populations. Although niche-based species distribution models (SDMs) and habitat suitability models (HSMs) such as maximum entropy (Maxent) have demonstrated fair to excellent predictive power, few studies have linked the prediction of HSMs to demographic rates. We aimed to test the prediction of Hutchinsonian niche theory that habitat suitability (i.e., likelihood of occurrence) would be positively related to survival of American beaver (Castor canadensis), …

Systematic Review Of The Literature On Professional Education Accreditation, Neville Chiavaroli, Kate Reid, Pru Mitchell, Jenny Trevitt

Higher education research

This report is critical and systematic review of the literature on professional education accreditation models, associated methods, and the effectiveness and impact of each model. The review was conducted to inform a review and update of the Royal College of Vetinerary Surgeons (RCVS) standards of accreditation for veterinary degrees. The purpose of the study was to rapidly appraise the evidence for the effectiveness, impact, and feasibility of different accreditation approaches, in order to inform best practices for the accreditation of professional education programs. The study focused on accreditation for programs which produce practice-ready graduates, including for veterinary programs. The authors …

The Optimal Divalent Cations And Storage Temperatures For The Encapsulation Of Ram Spermatozoa, Pintira Thiangthientham, Junpen Suwimonteerabutr, Theerawat Tharasanit, Mongkol Techakumphu

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of encapsulation with different divalent cations and temperatures on the quality of ram spermatozoa during cold storage. Experiment 1: diluted semen was allocated randomly into three groups: control, encapsulation with calcium (Ca2+) alginate and encapsulation with barium (Ba2+) alginate. The samples were stored at two different temperatures (4 °C or 16 °C) for 24 h and subsequently examined for spermatozoa quality. Experiment 2: determination of sperm functionality by means of sperm binding was performed. Spermatozoa with and without Ba2+ alginate were cooled for 24 h and then used for sperm …

Drug And Disease Research Paper [Veterinary Technology], Tara R. Scales

Open Educational Resources

This Drug and Disease assignment has been prepared for the capstone course Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology (SCV 262). Students take the course in the last semester of the 2-year AAS degree in Veterinary Technology at LaGuardia Community College. Students completing this assignment are second year (junior), clinical phase students. In this course, students are introduced to concepts in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, providing a basis for an applied, systems-based introduction to veterinary drugs. The course also introduces concepts in pharmacy management and toxicology. As a capstone course, this course assignment provides a basis for students to apply veterinary medical knowledge and …

Effects Of Inactivated Mycobacterium Bovis Vaccination On Molokai-Origin Wild Pigs Experimentally Infected With Virulent M. Bovis, Pauline Nol, Morgan Wehte, Richard A. Bowen, Suelee Robbe-Austerman, Tyler Thacker, Kristina Lantz, Jack Rhyan, Laurie A. Baeten, Ramón A. Juste, Iker A. Sevilla, Christian Gortazar, Joaquín Vicente

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The wild pig population on Molokai, Hawaii, USA is a possible reservoir for bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, and has been implicated in decades past as the source of disease for the island’s domestic cattle. Heat-inactivated vaccines have been effective for reducing disease prevalence in wild boar in Spain and could prove useful for managing M. bovis in Molokai wild pigs. We designed an experiment to test this vaccine in wild pigs of Molokai genetics. Fifteen 3–4-month-old pigs were orally administered 10⁶–10⁷ colony forming units (cfu) of heat-inactivated M. bovis (Vaccinates; n = 8; 0.2 …

Involucrin, Cytokeratin 10 And Ki67 Expression In A Threedimensional Cultured Canine Keratinocyte Cell Line In Comparison To Canine Skin And Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma And A Pilot Study On Custom-Designed Sirna-Inv Transfection, Nongnut Assawawongkasem, Somporn Techangamsuwan, Prapruddee Piyaviriyakul, Pranom Puchadapirom, Achariya Sailasuta

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Involucrin (INV) is a well-known early stage marker of terminal keratinocyte differentiation in humans. Besides its importance in human cancer, it has been predicted to be a prognostic marker in canine skin cancer. However, there is very little information available on canine INV. Therefore, for the first time, a three-dimensional (3D) cultured canine keratinocyte cell line was evaluated for the expression level of INV and two other cancer prognostic parameters, cytokeratin 10 (CK10) and Ki67, compared to that in canine normal skin (CN) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) cells. The INV protein and transcript expression levels were significantly (p < 0.005) higher in canine CN compared to in CSCC, whereas Ki67 expression levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in CN than in CSCC. The culture of a commercial canine keratinocyte cell line (CPEK; CELLnTEC Advanced Cell Systems, Switzerland) to produce the 3D epidermal skin was successfully achieved under an air-liquid interface for 14 d of culture. There was no statistical difference in the INV and CK10 expression levels between the 3D-cultured CPEK cells and CN. A custom designed INV siRNA transfected at 300 pmol showed the high efficacy of INV knockdown with minimum cytotoxicity to cultured CPEK cells, significantly reducing the INV mRNA expression level after 5 h transfection for up to 48 h. This is the first report on the custom design of siRNA transfection in monolayer cultured CPEK cells for INV gene knockdown in dogs and it could be useful for future studies on the carcinogenesis of CSCC.

Molecular And Antigen Detection Of Dirofilaria Immitis Infection In Client-Owned Cats In Bangkok, Thailand, Sukullaya Ritthikulprasert, Pipat Jirapiti, Siwaporn Pengpis

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Feline heartworm disease, caused by Dirofilaria immitis infection, can be potentially fatal to cats. Screening for the infection in cats is important in endemic areas. Clinical utility of molecular techniques for diagnosis of feline heartworm disease is not clearly determined. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay could be used for detection of D. immitis infection in cats that were concurrently tested for D. immitis antigen. Blood samples were collected from 100 client-owned cats in a veterinary teaching hospital. Whole blood samples were tested for D. immitis antigen and extracted for total …

An Appraisal Of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumour With Emphasis On Molecular Biology And Pathology, Iniobong Chukwuebuka Ikenna Ugochukwu, Onyinyechukwu Ada Agina, Jacinta Ngozi Omeke, Chioma Inyang Aneke, Lawan Fatima Adamu, Olusola Lawrence Ajayi, Najume Dogowar Giginya Ibrahim, Celestine Ibe Njoku, Anthony Kojo Beku Sackey, John Ikechukwu Ihedioha

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a contagious tumour of dogs, transmitted via coitus or coital behaviour which in some cases spreads by metastasis but primarily, CTVT appears as reddish soft nodules or papilla, protruding from the surface of the penis, prepuce, vagina and vulva but sometimes appears in locations outside the genitals. There was early evidence of CTVT more than 10,000 years ago and this disease has been reported in at least 90 countries across the continents of the world, especially in third world countries, where there are high numbers of stray dogs. CTVT natural infection occurs only in …

High Dose Propofol Effectively Euthanizes Zebrafish (Danio Rerio), David K. Chu, Katechan Jampachaisri, Cholawat Pacharinsak

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

We evaluated propofol overdose for euthanasia of zebrafish (Danio rerio). We hypothesized that 1) propofol 40 mg/L at 10 min submersion euthanizes zebrafish as effective as 20 or 30 min submersion; 2) propofol 80 mg/L at 10 min submersion euthanizes zebrafish as effective as with 100 or 120 mg/L. Wild-type AB zebrafish were randomly submersed into: Exp.1 - propofol 40 mg/L for 10, 20, or 30 mins; or Exp.2 - 80, 100, or 120 mg/L for 10 mins. Criteria monitored: aversive behavior; time to loss of righting reflex (LORR); undulation cessation; operculation cessation; fish movement from tank tap reflex cessation; …

Comparison Of Plasma-Lyte A And Trometamol-Balanced Priming Solutions For Cardiopulmonary Bypass In A Swine Model: A Pilot Study, Wen-Ting Ting, Lee-Mei Ponge, Heng-Wen Chou, Chih-Hsien Wang, Yih-Sharng Chen, Jih-Jong Lee

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Currently, the optimal priming solution for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) remains debatable. However, plasmalyte A solution (PLAS) has been widely used in the United States and is considered to be the standard priming solution worldwide. Therefore, we designed a trometamol-balanced solution (Resculyte® solution, RS) to evaluate the safety and feasibility for its use as a priming solution during CPB compared to PLAS. In total, 8 white pigs that underwent CPB were assigned 1:1 to PLAS and RS groups. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded using an Abbott i-STAT analyzer with CG4+ (for pH, pressure of carbon dioxide, pressure of oxygen , total carbon …

Risk Factors For Prolonged Postparturient Vaginal Discharge In Sows, Nguyen Hoai Nam

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Previous study has shown that excessive postparturient vaginal discharge in sows causes impaired reproductive performance in the subsequent litter. This observational study aimed to investigate the effects of categorical predictors (farm (1-7), assisted farrowing, parity number (1, 2-5, >5) and stillbirth) and continuous predictors (farrowing duration, litter size and postparturient body temperature) on the incidence of prolonged postparturient vaginal discharge (duration of postparturient vaginal discharge >5 days) in sows. Data was collected from 620 postparturient sows raised on 7 farms in 4 provinces in Vietnam. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the potential risk factors for prolonged postparturient …

The Effects Of Alkaline Water And Rainwater On The Production And Health Performance Of Commercial Broilers Under Tropical Conditions, Eric Lim Teik Chung, Nazri Nayan, Mamat Hamidi Kamalludin, Mohamed M. Alghirani, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse, Nafeesa Abu Kassim, Aqila Azizi, Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan, Teck Chwen Loh

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Water consumption of a broiler is affected by temperature and the absence or presence of some minerals which could affect its production. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of giving alkaline water and rainwater on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and white blood cell changes of broilers under tropical condition. A total of 108 broiler birds (Cobb 500) were randomly divided into three treatment groups with six replicates consisting of six birds per replicate. Treatment 1 (control), 2 and 3 were provided with available tap water (pH 7.17), sodium bicarbonate alkaline water (pH 8.05) and chlorinated …

Association Of Snps In The Coding Regions Of Cd4 Gene With Mastitis Susceptibility And Production Traits In Dairy Cattle, Saqib Zeb, Nawab Ali, Sadaf Niaz, Arsalan Rasheed, Irfan Khattak, Naimat Ullah Khan, Yachun Wang, Tahir Usman

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

CD4 gene is reported to have significant role in various inflammatory conditions including mastitis. Therefore, the current study was designed to screen out single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the bovine CD4 gene and to evaluate its effects on mastitis indicator and production traits. Total 201 milk and blood samples were collected from dairy cattle maintained at government dairy farms of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Milk samples were used for DHI test (milk composition and somatic cell count) and the blood for DNA extraction. SNPs were initially detected in the pool DNA samples followed by screening in the whole cohort. The association …