Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Estimation Of Wildlife Damage From Federal Crop Insurance Data, Sophie Mckee, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Aaron M. Anderson

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

BACKGROUND: Wildlife damage to crops is a persistent and costly problem for many farmers in the USA. Most existing estimates of crop damage have relied on direct assessment methods such as field studies conducted by trained biologists or surveys distributed to farmers. In this paper, we describe a new method of estimating wildlife damage that exploits federal crop insurance data. We focused our study on four crops: corn, soybean, wheat, and cotton, chosen because of their economic importance and their vulnerability to wildlife damage.

RESULTS: We determined crop-raiding hot spots across the USA over the 2015–2019 period and identified the …

Metagenomic, Viral And Host Genetic Analyses Of Congenital Tremor In Pigs, Kylee Marie Sutton

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The Pestivirus genus contains several viral species having a major impact on the livestock species. While there were only four major pestiviral species for a time, recent metagenomic sequencing approaches identified additional species, such as atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV). Congenital tremor was first identified almost a hundred years ago and since still has an impact on swine health. There are two main types of congenital tremor, type A and B, with type A congenital tremor further subcategorized based on causative agent. Until recently, type A-II congenital tremor did not have a known cause. Recent viral sequencing of affected samples, including …

New World Mammarenaviral Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Determinants Of Infection And Disease, Brady T. Hickerson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Several New World mammarenaviruses (NWM) are able to cause life-threatening hemorrhagic disease in humans. These agents use human transferrin receptor 1 (hTfR1), the main protein involved in cellular uptake of iron, to infect cells. Furthermore, use of hTfR1 correlates with the ability of these viruses to cause severe disease in humans. The most prevalent pathogenic NWM is Jun√≠n virus (JUNV), which is the etiological agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF).The pathogenesis of AHF is poorly understood. A cardinal feature of severe cases of AHF is a prolonged increase of serum interferon-a (IFN-a) concentration. This increase is hypothesized to play a …

Evaluation Of Enrichment And Identification Media For Isolation Of Common Bovine Salmonella Serotypes, Katie Irene Swanson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Salmonellosis is an important cause of diarrhea in humans and animals, which can lead to death in severe cases. Rapid and efficient detection of Salmonella spp. is essential to limit the spread of disease. Many enrichment procedures have been described for the isolation of Salmonella, and often include variations on Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium, which is recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The current procedures vary in incubation temperature, incubation time, and type of media used for identification of Salmonella. This project compared four procedures for enrichment and identification of common bovine Salmonella serotypes. We determined the best …

Effects Of Freshwater Crayfish On Influenza A Virus Persistence In Water, J. Jeffrey Root, Jeremy W. Ellis, Susan A. Shriner

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Several investigations have recently assessed the ability of some aquatic invertebrates to act as tools for avian influenza A virus (IAV) surveillance as well as their potential role(s) in IAV ecology. Because of this, as well as the high IAV seroprevalence rates noted in select mesocarnivores that commonly inhabit aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats, we evaluated the effects that freshwater crayfish have on IAV in water at three dose levels and monitored for the presence of IAV in crayfish tissues (gill and green gland) and haemolymph at multiple time points. At relatively high, medium 432 and low (approximately 10 , 10 …

Brain Complexity, Sentience And Welfare, Donald M. Broom

Animal Sentience

Neither sentience nor moral standing is confined to animals with large or human-like brains. Invertebrates deserve moral consideration. Definition of terms clarifies the relationship between sentience and welfare. All animals have welfare but humans give more protection to sentient animals. Humans should be less human-centred.

Spatiotemporal Genetic Diversity Of Lions Reveals The Influence Of Habitat Fragmentation Across Africa, Caitlin J. Curry, Brian W. Davis, Laura D. Bertola, Paula A. White, William J. Murphy, James N. Derr

Publications and Research

Direct comparisons between historical and contemporary populations allow for detecting changes in genetic diversity through time and assessment of the impact of habitat fragmentation. Here, we determined the genetic architecture of both historical and modern lions to document changes in genetic diversity over the last century. We surveyed microsatellite and mitochondrial genome variation from 143 high-quality museum specimens of known provenance, allowing us to directly compare this information with data from several recently published nuclear and mitochondrial studies. Our results provide evidence for male-mediated gene flow and recent isolation of local subpopulations, likely due to habitat fragmentation. Nuclear markers showed …

An Applied Ecology Of Fear Framework: Linking Theory To Conservation Practice, Kaitlyn M. Gaynor, Michael J. Cherry, Sophie L. Gilbert, Michael T. Kohl, Courtney L. Larson, Thomas M. Newsome, Laura R. Prugh, Justin P. Suraci, Julie K. Young, Justine A. Smith

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Research on the ecology of fear has highlighted the importance of perceived risk from predators and humans in shaping animal behavior and physiology, with potential demographic and ecosystem-wide consequences. Despite recent conceptual advances and potential management implications of the ecology of fear, theory and conservation practices have rarely been linked. Many challenges in animal conservation may be alleviated by actively harnessing or compensating for risk perception and risk avoidance behavior in wild animal populations. Integration of the ecology of fear into conservation and management practice can contribute to the recovery of threatened populations, human–wildlife conflict mitigation, invasive species management, maintenance …

Edwardsiella Ictaluri Is Capable Of Persisting In Channel Catfish By Evading Host T Cell And Cell Death Responses, Elizabeth Watts Griggs

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Edwardsiella ictaluri is a gram-negative bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae that infects and causes enteric septicemia (ESC) of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), a fatal disease costing the catfish industry millions of dollars in losses each year. Edwardsiella. ictaluri is capable of replicating in catfish head-kidney-derived-macrophages (HKDM), and like many other gram-negative bacteria, E. ictaluri encodes a Type III Secretion System (T3SS) that is required for virulence and intracellular replication. In the case of E. ictaluri, the T3SS translocates effectors from the Edwardsiella containing vacuole (ECV) through the bacterial cell wall and the vacuolar membrane directly to the …

Frontal Vehicle Illumination Via Rear-Facing Lighting Reduces Potential For Collisions With White-Tailed Deer, Travis L. Devault, Thomas W. Seamans, Bradley Blackwell

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

nimal–vehicle collisions cause many millions of animal deaths each year worldwide and present a substantial safety risk to people. In the United States and Canada, deer (Odocoileus spp.) are involved in most animal–vehicle collisions associated with human injuries. We evaluated a vehicle-based collision mitigation method designed to decrease the likelihood of deer–vehicle collisions during low-light conditions, when most collisions occur. Specifically, we investigated whether the use of a rear-facing light, providing more complete frontal vehicle illumination than standard headlights alone, enhanced vehicle avoidance behaviors of white-tailed deer (O. virginianus). We quantified flight initiation distance (FID), the likelihood …

Growing South Dakota (Summer 2020), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 3 COVID-19: From Our Students' Perspective
[Page] 11 Class of 2020 Q&A
[Page] 19 Alumni Advice for the Future Generation
[Page] 21 Recent Alumni Features
[Page] 25 Student Features
[Page] 31 CAFES News, Student Success, Awards and Achievements
[Page] 57 Jackrabbits Now and Then: A Current Student and Alumni Q&A

Growing South Dakota (Spring/Summer 2020), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue contains the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station 2019 Annual Report.

[Page] 2 South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Update
[Page] 4 Featured Research
[Page] 14 Graduate and Undergraduate Research: In Our Own Words
[Page] 20 Featured Research
[Page] 32 Research in Progress
[Page] 38 CAFES News and Updates
[Page] 56 Jackrabbits Now and Then: A Current Student and Alumni Q&A

Effect Of The Prospect Of Transport On Captive Tiger Behavior And Fecal Cortisol In Naïve And Experienced Tigers, Callan Lichtenwalter

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

With close to 5,000 captive tigers in the United States, it is vital to ensure that these tigers are receiving adequate welfare whether they are in an accredited facility, or privately owned. The goal of this study was to assess whether captive tigers at a rescue facility with experience being transported outside of the facility would respond differently to the presentation of their transport vehicle than their naïve counterparts who had only been transported within the facility. The behavior of 5 naïve and 7 experienced tigers (n = 12) located at Turpentine Creek Wildlife Refuge in Eureka Springs, Arkansas was …

Developing Alternatives To Protect Domestic Sheep From Predation In South Africa, David L. Bergman, Nico L. Avenant, Michael J. Bodenchuk, Eddie Steenkamp

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

South Africa has approximately 8,000 commercial small livestock farms and 5,800 communal/subsistence farmers throughout the country. Reported rates of small livestock loss to predation range from 3-13% and 0.5-19% from communal farming areas. A range of predators exist on the African continent, but in southern Africa major livestock losses are primarily due to black-backed jackal and caracal. South Africans have been managing caracals and jackals for over 300 years with no elimination of predation. During the aforementioned time frame, producers have used and/or developed a number of techniques including lethal, nonlethal, and integrated predator damage management to address predation losses. …

Veterinarians’ Attitudes And Practices Regarding Opioid-Related Vet Shopping In Tri-State Appalachian Counties: An Exploratory Study, Falguni C. Patel, Jeffrey A. Raines, Richard W. Kim, Karen Gruszynski, Robert E. Davis, Manoj Sharma, Gilbert Patterson, Jason W. Johnson, Vinayak K. Nahar

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Background: The opioid crisis continues to grow in the United States with 46,700 drug overdose deaths due to opioids in 2017 alone. Vet shopping, the practice of soliciting veterinarians for prescription medications, has been receiving national media attention in recent years. A 2014 review of Prescription Monitoring Drug Programs found less than 10 veterinary shoppers nationwide. Still much is unknown about the role of vet shopping and the opioid crisis. This study sought to understand the practice of vet shopping through the eyes of veterinarians practicing in Appalachian counties within the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia, United States. Results: …

Veterinarians’ Attitudes And Practices Regarding Opioid-Related Vet Shopping Practices In Tri-State Appalachian Counties: An Exploratory Study, Falguni C Patel, Jeffrey A Raines, Richard W Kim, Karen Gruszynski, Robert E Davis, Manoj Sharma, Gilbert Patterson, Jason W Johnson, Vinayak K Nahar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The opioid crisis continues to grow in the United States with 46,700 drug overdose deaths due to opioids in 2017 alone. Vet shopping, the practice of soliciting veterinarians for prescription medications, has been receiving national media attention in recent years. A 2014 review of Prescription Monitoring Drug Programs found less than 10 veterinary shoppers nationwide. Still much is unknown about the role of vet shopping and the opioid crisis. This study sought to understand the practice of vet shopping through the eyes of veterinarians practicing in Appalachian counties within the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia, United States.

RESULTS: …

Genome Diversity And The Origin Of The Arabian Horse, Elissa J. Cosgrove, Raheleh Sadeghi, Florencia Schlamp, Heather M. Holl, Mohammad Moradi-Shahrbabak, Seyed Reza Miraei-Ashtiani, Salma Abdalla, Ben Shykind, Mats H. T. Troedsson, Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier, Anil Prabhu, Stefania Bucca, Monika Bugno-Poniewierska, Barbara Wallner, Joel Malek, Donald C. Miller, Andrew G. Clark, Douglas F. Antczak, Samantha A. Brooks

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

The Arabian horse, one of the world's oldest breeds of any domesticated animal, is characterized by natural beauty, graceful movement, athletic endurance, and, as a result of its development in the arid Middle East, the ability to thrive in a hot, dry environment. Here we studied 378 Arabian horses from 12 countries using equine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and whole-genome re-sequencing to examine hypotheses about genomic diversity, population structure, and the relationship of the Arabian to other horse breeds. We identified a high degree of genetic variation and complex ancestry in Arabian horses from the Middle East region. Also, …

Do Animals Engage Greater Social Attention In Autism? An Eye Tracking Analysis, Georgitta J. Valiyamattam, Harish Katti, Vinay K. Chaganti, Marguerite E. O'Haire, Virender Sachdeva

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Background: Visual atypicalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are a well documented phenomenon, beginning as early as 2–6 months of age and manifesting in a significantly decreased attention to the eyes, direct gaze and socially salient information. Early emerging neurobiological deficits in perceiving social stimuli as rewarding or its active avoidance due to the anxiety it entails have been widely purported as potential reasons for this atypicality. Parallel research evidence also points to the significant benefits of animal presence for reducing social anxiety and enhancing social interaction in children with autism. While atypicality in social attention in ASD has been …

Application Of Multi-Omics Technologies To Decipher Rabies Pathogenesis, Peerut Chienwichai, Onrapak Reamtong

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Rabies virus infection has affected human and animal health since ancient times and existing treatments are only partially effective. A thorough understanding of rabies virus pathogenesis is required to achieve improved treatment options and the eventual elimination ofthe disease. In recent years, multi-omics technology has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding viral pathogenesis. However, multi-omics data is lacking for the rabies virus. The aim of this review is to summarize our current understanding of rabiespathogenesis and its study using omics approaches. Several mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to rabies pathogenesis using the results of omics studies. Using data …

Morphological Study Of The Lingual Papillae Of Jentink’S Flying Squirrel(Hylopetes Platyurus), Hevi Wihadmadyatami, Golda Rani Saragih, Geraldus Gunawan, Made Bagus Auriva Mataram, Ulayatul Kustiati, Dwi Liliek Kusindarta

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study describes the anatomy and histology of the tongue in the Jentink’s flying squirrel (Hylopetesplatyurus), a rodent native to Indonesia (Borneo and Sumatra). We examined the characteristics of the tongue using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). Macroscopic observations revealed three distinct regions: the apex, corpus (body) and radix (root). The dorsal surface of the apex was characterized by a median groove and lacked the lingual prominence that is common in many rodents. SEM and LM revealed the distribution of papillae over the dorsal surface of the tongue. The papillae could be categorized as mechanical papillae (filiform, …

Isolation And Identification Of Extended Spectrum Β-Lactamases (Esbls) Escherichia Colifrom Minced Camel Meat In Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb, Sherief M. Abdel-Raheem, Theeb M. Al-Marri, Fanan A. Alaql, Mahmoud M. Fayez

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Antimicrobial resistance is an increasingly serious threat to global public health that requires action across all government sectors and society. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coliisolation from minced camel meat and identify the phenotype and genotype of the ESBL. A total of 150 samples were collected randomly from butchers’ shops in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. The results indicated that, overall, 17 (11.3 %) E. coliisolates were recovered from the minced meat samples. The isolates were classified biochemically at the species level using the VITEK 2 system. The antibiotic susceptibility of E. …

Prevalence Of Bacterial Contamination In Uncooked Sticky Rice Samples From Markets In Japan, Kazuko Kato, Noriko Komagome, Machiko Mineki, Sumalee Boonmar, Yukio Morita

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

We investigated the prevalence of bacterial contamination in uncooked sticky rice samples obtained from markets in Japan. Between June and August, 2019, a total of 25 sticky rice samples were purchased from shops in the Tokyo area. Twenty-two (88.0%) and 10 (40.0%) of 25 sticky rice samples harbored 3.06±0.54 log spc/g of standard plates counts and 2.17±0.23 log cfu/g of enterobacteriaceae bacteria counts, respectively. Three species of Enterobacteriaceae, Pantoea dispersa, P. ananati, and Kosakonia cowanii, were identified by MALDI-TOFMS-based test. Three (12.0%) of 25 sticky rice samples harbored 2.00 log cfu/g of Bacillusspecies. Bacillusspp. was not isolated after heat treatment …

Antimicrobial Activity Of Formulated Clove Essential Oil Spray Against Biofilm-Forming Malassezia Pachydermatisand Staphylococcus Pseudintermediusclinical Isolates, Jareerat Aiemsaard, Chuchat Kamollerd, Pimchanok Suwannathada, Eakachai Thongkham

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Clove essential oil, Formulation preparation, Antimicrobial activity, Malassezia pachydermatis, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

An Analysis Of A Herd-Based Lactation Curve Reveals The Seasonal Effect From Dairy Cows Fed Under High Ambient Temperatures, Sumpun Thammacharoen, Somchai Chanpongsang, Narongsak Chaiyabutr, Supattra Teedee, Attapol Pornprapai, Aemwika Insam-Ang, Channarong Srisa-Ard, Niran Channacoop

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The presentinvestigation was carried out to demonstratethe effect of high ambient temperature (HTa) on lactation performance with herd-based measurement. One large dairy farm in Thailandwith more than 300crossbred Holstein cows milking each monthwas selected. The meteorological data was recorded once a week during the period of observation. Milking cows (n=90) were observed for a 10-month lactation curve based on their calving seasons: Summer, rainy and winter. The lactation curve was fitted by nonlinear regression using the reduced lactation persistency model.The climatic conditions revealed a high degree of temperature and humidity index (THI). The average THI throughout the year was 84.8 …

Pharmacokinetics Of Enrofloxacin In Meat Pigeons After A Single Intramuscular And Oral Administration, Xun Wang, Fei Shi, Yuhong Gou, Qiong Jiang, Jie Gong, Huaqiao Tang, Gang Ye, Chen Fang, Yinlun Li, Ling Zhao

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The pharmacokinetic properties of enrofloxacin were investigated after a single intra-muscular (i.m.) and oral administration of 10 mg/kg b.w. to 12 healthy adult pigeons. Twelve pigeons were randomly divided to two groups. Blood samples were collected at different time points following drug administration. Plasma enrofloxacin concentrations were determined by reverse-phase high-performanceliquidchromatography. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using non-compartmental methods via the ncappc package in R. The mean concentration area under curve (AUClast) for enrofloxacin was determined to be 21.75±5.67 μg·h/mL for i.m., administration and 17.30±4.94μg·h/mL for oral administration. The elimination half-life (T1/2λz) was 9.51±5.72 and 6.87±1.81 h for the i.m., and …

Production Of Recombinant Chimeric Swine Pkr-Apaf-1 Protein And Its Apoptotic Inductionon Marc-145 Cells, Phong Vu Anh Tuan Vo, Thanaporn Leksakchai, Roongtham Kedkovid, Achara Tawatsin, Athipoo Nuntaprasert

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

A Study Of Factors Associated With Arterial Thromboembolism In Cats Affected With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy In Thailand, Natthakritta Nokthong, Pornsawan Pongsawat, Phattareeporn Leurdthainarong, Sermsakul Sritrirasri, Sirilak Disatian Surachetpong

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Feline arterial thromboembolism (ATE) is an acute condition that is usually associated with cardiomyopathy in cats. To date, there has been no report of factors associated with ATE in cats affected with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Thailand. The purpose of this study was to find factors related to ATE in cats with HCM. A retrospective study was performed in 70 cats with HCM dividing them into two groups (26 ATE and 44 non-ATE groups) to analyze factors relating to ATE including sex, breed, age, weight, heart sounds, radiographic findings, echocardiographic findings and the environmental temperature. The result of univariable logistic …

Optimizing System For Sperm Quality Evaluation Using Crystalloid Diluent For Pigeons (Columba Livia Domestica), Thanida Sananmuang, Thitirat Singto, Kanyavee Intarak, Pimnipa Sanansin, Muttana Budsasom, Arrita Kongthip, Suwarak Wannaratana

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Semen quality is a crucial factor for predicting fertility and hatchability in several avian species including pigeons. To evaluate pigeon semen quality, prior dilution of semen was required due to its small volume with highly concentrated spermatozoa. Conventional crystalloid solutions—Normal saline (NSS) and Ringer’s solution (LRS) are common diluents for such a task; however, the unoptimized dilution rate of such diluents was a major cause contributing to inaccurate semen quality evaluation. Due to the lack of such knowledge in pigeons this study aimed to optimize the dilution rate of Normal saline (NSS) and Ringer’s solution (LRS) for pigeon semen quality …

Sequence And Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Vp1 Segment Of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus (Ciav) During An Outbreak In Palestine, Ibrahim Alzuheir, Nasr Jalboush, Adnan Fayyad, Mohammad Manassra

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

In this study, chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) was detected in two unvaccinatedcommercial broiler flocks, showing clinical signs relevant to Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) disease. The clinical signs included subcutaneous hemorrhage, depression and death. Necropsy findings were pale liver, severe atrophy of bursa of the Fabricius and thymus and discoloration of the bone marrow. DNA was extracted from the livers of the infected birds and the VP1 gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction. The virus strains were detected and genetically characterized in almost the whole VP 1 gene (1338 base pairs). The nucleic acid analysis showed that the two …

Survival Time And Factors Influencing Survival Time In Cats With Arterial Thromboembolism In Thailand, Sirilak Disatian Surachetpong, Selapoom Pairor, Thanika Atiptamvaree, Tanawan Mangklabruks

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study aimed to report the survival time and to determine factors influencing survival time in cats with arterial thromboembolism (ATE) in Thailand. The medical records of 89 ATE cats presenting from January 2016 to December 2018 at four referral centers in Thailand were reviewed. The median survival time of ATE cats was 31 days (interquartile range 3-59 days). Cats with an age of at least 5 years (7 days; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0-25.961) had a shorter survival time than those with an age <5 years old (136 days; 95% CI 0-643.216) (p=0.021). Persian cats (450 days; 95% CI 0-37.552) had a longer survival time than other breed cats (15 days; 95% CI 0.799-7.201) (p=0.044). The multivariable Cox-regression analysis showed that a higher concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p=0.002; Hazard ratios (HR)=1.002), circulating glucose (p=0.031; HR=1.005), and creatinine (p=0.011; HR=1.207) were associated with an increased risk of death. In conclusion, the survival time of cats with ATE in Thailand is reported. Age and breed influence the survival time of cats with ATE. The concentration of ALT, circulating glucose and creatinine is associated with an increased risk of death.