Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Importance Of Identity, History, And Culture In The Wellbeing Of Indigenous Youth, Lisa Wexler

Lisa Wexler

Alaska Native youth suffer disproportionately from suicide. Some researchers explain this by pointing to social disintegration brought on by rapid social change, but few make the connection to an ongoing colonialism explicit. This paper articulates some of the ways that colonial discourses affect Inupiat young people's self-conceptions, perceived choices, and, consequently, their behavioral health. Inupiat youth narratives will illustrate these connections and, in so doing, offer new ways to understand youth suicide in Native communities.

Risk Assessment For Suicide Behaviour, Amresh Srivastava, Charles Nelson, Megan Johnston

Amresh Srivastava

This is an audio-visual about risk assessment of suicide behavior. Part 1. Reformulating the concept of RISK and a New instrument for assessment: Risk assessment is an important clinical responsibility, which can be ‘life-saving’. Literature on risk factors has become voluminous; however a traditional risk assessment does not take into account the most relevant factors. This reflects the prevailing conceptualization of risk, which has not been fully and completely tied to clinical outcomes. Psychopathology is currently understood in biopsychosocial terms. A more progressive conceptualization of risk should consider the interplay of both, risk and protective factors. The present work proposes …

The Irrational Woman: Informed Consent And Abortion Decision-Making, Maya Manian

Maya Manian

In Gonzales v. Carhart, the Supreme Court upheld a federal ban on a type of second-trimester abortion that many physicians believe is safer for their patients. Carhart presented a watershed moment in abortion law, because it marks the Supreme Court’s first use of the anti-abortion movement’s “woman-protective” rationale to uphold a ban on abortion and the first time since Roe v. Wade that the Court denied women a health exception to an abortion restriction. The woman-protective rationale asserts that banning abortion promotes women’s mental health. According to Carhart, the State should make the final decisions about pregnant women’s healthcare, because …

Action Research In Emerging Technologies In Health Information Systems: Creating A Mobile Information Environment In A Hospital Ward, Linda Dawson, Julie Fisher, Stephen Weeding, Liza Heslop, Andrew Howard

Associate Professor Linda Dawson

Wireless networks, mobile devices and associated applications are key emerging technologies ideal for nomadic workers such as clinicians in hospital ward settings. These mobile information environments can potentially enhance clinicians’ use of patient management and clinical systems by providing decision support and clinical information at the bedside or point of care. Such technologies need to be critically assessed in a hospital environment for their wider potential and application for delivery of information at the point of care. This paper describes the use of action research methods in a project which analysed an existing clinical Information Communication Technology (ICT) environment in …

Zimbabwe Household Livelihood Security Assessment. Catholic Relief Services., John Mazzeo

John Mazzeo, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Zimbabwe Household Livelihood Security Assessment. World Vision., John Mazzeo

John Mazzeo, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Hiv And Aids Stigma And Discrimination In China: Results From A National Survey, Karen Hardee, Tim Manchester, Victor Yuan, Benjamin Y. Clark, Amy Qi, Sarah Bradley, Zoe Shen

Benjamin Y. Clark

Because stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes and tendencies are largely prevalent in China, national and local mass media interventions have an important role to play in making Chinese citizens aware of the debilitating effects of stigma and discrimination and in reinforcing information on HIV/AIDS to reduce baseless fears of transmission.

Gatekeeper Training For Youth Workers: Impact On Mental Health Help-Seeking And Referral Skill, Coralie J. Wilson

Coralie J Wilson

The Youth Empowerment Series (YES!) Workshops (Wilson et al, 2000) were developed to improve gatekeepers' mental health literacy and skills for promoting effective help-seeking and social problem-solving among adolescents and young people. The curent study the skills of those attending the YES! Workshops 9 months after training.

Festival Elephants And The Myths Of Global Poverty, John Mazzeo

John Mazzeo, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Identifying Natural And Anthropogenic Sources Of Metals In Urban And Rural Soils Using Gis-Based Data, Pca, And Spatial Interpolation, Harley T. Davis, C. Marjorie Aelion, Suzanne Mcdermott, Andrew B. Lawson

C. Marjorie Aelion

Determining sources of neurotoxic metals in rural and urban soils is important for mitigating human exposure. Surface soil from four areas with significant clusters of mental retardation and developmental delay (MR/DD) in children, and one control site were analyzed for nine metals and characterized by soil type, climate, ecological region, land use and industrial facilities using readilyavailable GIS-based data. Kriging, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to identify commonalities of metal distribution. Three MR/DD areas (one rural and two urban) had similar soil types and significantly higher soil metal concentrations. PCA and CA results suggested that …

Accounting For The Experiences Of Participants In The Evaluation Of Hiv/Aids Home Based Care Programs In Zimbabwe, John Mazzeo

John Mazzeo, Ph.D.

http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~db=all~content=g921011820

Microdose Follicular Flare: A Viable Alternative For Normal Responding Patients Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization?, Eric D. Levensa, Brian W. Whitcomb, Jonathan D. Kortc, Donna Materia-Hoovere, Frederick W. Larsena

Brian W. Whitcomb

Objective—To compare cycle outcomes among normal responding patients ≤30 years receiving microdose follicular flare (MDF) and long-luteal agonist (LL). Design—Retrospective cohort study. Setting—Military-based ART center. Patients—First, autologous ART cycles among 499 women ≤30 years old from 01/1999 to 12/2005. Interventions—Following OCP administration prior to cycle start, patients were non-randomly assigned to either LL or MDF for LH surge suppression. LL received 1 mg/d leuprolide acetate (LA) on cycle day 21, which was reduced to 0.25 mg/day 10–14 days later. MDF received LA (40 μg BID) beginning 3 days after discontinuing OCPs. Both groups received a combination of hMG and rFSH. …

Answering The Millennium Call For Maternal Health, Margaux Hall, Aziza Ahmed, Stephanie Swanson

Aziza Ahmed

Complications during childbirth and pregnancy are a main source of death and disability among women of reproductive age. Approximately 536,000 women die from pregnancy-related complications each year. Developing countries suffer most profoundly, accounting for 99% of deaths. The world's nations, by endorsing U.N. Millennium Development Goals, recognized that most deaths are preventable; they have pledged to reduce maternal mortality by 75% by 2015. This Article assesses the barriers presented by user fees — formal charges for health services still charged by many countries — to the attainment of MDGs. It shows that user fees hamper healthcare access, particularly in emergency …

Masculine Socialization And Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Qualitative Exploration, David J. Malebranche, Errol L. Fields, Lawrence O. Bryant, Shaun R. Harper

David J Malebranche

Aspects of masculine socialization among Black men who have sex with men (MSM) and potential corresponding influences on high-risk sexual behaviors are explored in this study. Individual interviews were conducted with 29 Black MSM in Atlanta, Georgia. Findings included (1) formative masculine socialization experiences marked by an absence of biological fathers and Black male role models, (2) negative perceptions of “gay” identities and communities, (3) race and racial identification as intersecting influences on masculine and sexual identities, (4) the influences of masculine socialization and beliefs on partner selection and sexual behaviors, and (5) general themes of trust, control, “heat of …

Variable Selection For Spatial Random Field Predictors Under A Bayesian Mixed Hierarchical Spatial Model, Ji-In Kim, Andrew B. Lawson, Suzanne Mcdermott, C. Marjorie Aelion

C. Marjorie Aelion

A health outcome can be observed at a spatial location and we wish to relate this to a set of environmental measurements made on a sampling grid. The environmental measurements are covariates in the model but due to the interpolation associated with the grid there is an error inherent in the covariate value used at the outcome location. Since there may be multiple measurements made on different covariates there could be considerable uncertainty in the covariate values to be used. In this paper we examine a Bayesian approach to the interpolation problem and also a Bayesian solution to the variable …

Measurements Of Adiposity And High Blood Pressure Among Children And Adolescents Living In Belo Horizonte, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

Abstract Objective: To verify an association, if it exists, between obesity and blood pressure raised beyond the 90th percentile in children and adolescents, and to determine the measure of adiposity that best correlates with blood pressure in these subjects. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: A school-based study in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Participants: We selected randomly 1,403 students, aged from 6 to 18 years, from 545,046 students attending 521 public and private schools. Those selected completed the study. Main measures of outcome: We recorded the weight, height, skin fold in the triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac areas, waist and hip circumference, body-mass index, …

When To Spray: A Time-Scale Calculus Approach To Controlling The Impact Of West Nile Virus, Diana Thomas, Marion Weedermann, Lora Billings, Joan Hoffacker, Robert A. Washington-Allen

Lora Billings

Ovarian Follicular Flushing Among Low Responding Art Patients, Eric D. Levens, Brian W. Whitcomb, Mark D. Payson, Frederick W. Larsen

Brian W. Whitcomb

A randomized comparison trial was performed to evaluate whether follicular reaspiration with use of a double-lumen retrieval needle improves oocyte recovery when compared with direct follicular aspiration among low-responding patients undergoing ART. There were no differences observed in the number of oocytes retrieved (single lumen: 6.5 +/- 2.2 oocytes, double lumen: 7.2 +/- 2.3 oocytes) whereas follicular reaspiration with the double-lumen retrieval needle resulted in a twofold increase in procedure time.

A Means To An End – A Web-Based Client Management System In Palliative Care, Margaret O'Connor, Trudi Erwin, Linda Dawson

Associate Professor Linda Dawson

Home-based palliative care (hospice) services require comprehensive and fully integrated information systems to develop and manage the various aspects of their business, incorporating client data and management information. These systems assist in maintaining the quality of client care as well as improved management effi ciencies. This article reports on a large not-for-profi t home-based palliative care service in Australia, which embarked on a project to develop an electronic data management system specifi cally designed to meet the needs of the palliative care sector. This web-based client information management system represents a joint venture between the organization and a commercial company …

Stroke In The Very Elderly: Hospital Care, Case Fatality And Disposition., Gustavo Saposnik

Gustavo Saposnik

No abstract provided.

Age Disparities In Stroke Quality Of Care And Delivery Of Health Services., Gustavo Saposnik

Gustavo Saposnik

No abstract provided.

Socioeconomic Status, Hospital Volume, And Stroke Fatality In Canada., Gustavo Saposnik

Gustavo Saposnik

No abstract provided.

Applying The Evidence: Do Patients With Stroke, Coronary Artery Disease, Or Both Achieve Similar Treatment Goals?, Gustavo Saposnik

Gustavo Saposnik

No abstract provided.

Do All Age Groups Benefit From Organized Inpatient Stroke Care?, Gustavo Saposnik

Gustavo Saposnik

No abstract provided.

New Onsets Of Substance Use Disorders In Borderline Personality Disorder Over 7 Years Of Follow-Ups: Findings From The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study, Marc Walter, John G. Gunderson, Mary C. Zanarini, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Leslie C. Morey, Shirley Yen, Robert L. Stout, Andrew E. Skodol

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine whether patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have a higher rate of new onsets of substance use disorders (SUD) than do patients with other personality disorders (OPD).

Design: This study uses data from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorder Study (CLPS), a prospective naturalistic study with reliable repeated measures over 7 years of follow-up.

Setting: Multiple clinical sites in four northeastern US cities.

Participants: A total of 175 patients with BPD and 396 patients with OPD (mean age 32.5 years) were assessed at baseline and at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, …

La Industria Tabaquera Y La Promoción Del Tabaquismo Entre Los Menores Y Jóvenes: Una Revisión Internacional, Francisco Soto Mas

Francisco Soto Mas

Objetivos: Recopilar documentación científica que evidencia el interés histórico de las compañías tabaqueras por los menores y jóvenes. Métodos: Revisión electrónica de la literatura en bases de datos científicas y búsqueda electrónica de informes técnicos y artículos científicos posteriores a 1999. Resultados: Se recopilaron y resumieron 13 informes y 30 artículos de revistas y publicaciones científicas de todo el mundo. La mayoría de los informes y artículos estaban centrados en las tácticas propagandísticas y de mercado. Conclusiones: La información recopilada evidencia los esfuerzos de las grandes tabaqueras para estimular el uso de tabaco entre los menores y jóvenes en todo …

Comparing Pain Severity Versus Pain Location In The Mobilize Boston Study: Chronic Pain And Lower Extremity Function, Suzanne G. Leveille, Laura H.P. Eggermont

Suzanne G. Leveille

Background. This study compared measures of chronic pain, for example, number of pain sites and overall pain

severity, in relation to lower extremity function in the older population.

Methods. Six hundred older adults (mean age 77.9 years, 64% female) were queried about presence of chronic pain.

Number of pain sites was categorized as none, single site, multisite, or widespread. Pain severity was measured in

quartiles of the Brief Pain Inventory pain severity subscale. Lower extremity function was assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), a composite measure of gait speed, balance, and chair stands.

Results. Many older persons reported …

A Photovoice Participatory Evaluation Of A School Gardening Program Through The Eyes Of Fifth Graders, Catherine Sands, Krista Harper, Lee Ellen Reed, Maggie Shar

Catherine Sands

In the springtime, fifth grade students at the Williamsburg Elementary School in rural Western Massachusetts ask to snack on sorrel and chives from the school garden, between planting potatoes and building a shade structure for their outdoor classroom. They are members of the first cohort of the curriculum-integrated program initiated by Fertile Ground, a grassroots organization in western Massachusetts. The children’s delight in the fresh greens they have grown marks a national phenomenon: the farm-to-school movement. With limited resources, parents, teachers, students, administrators, and community activists are developing inroads to better school food and food education, by constructing school teaching …

Who Owns Your Body? A Study In Literature And Law, Lori B. Andrews

Lori B. Andrews

No abstract provided.

Z-Scores And The Birthweight Paradox, Enrique F. Schisterman, Brian W. Whitcomb, Sunni L. Mumford, Robert W. Platt

Brian W. Whitcomb

Investigators have long puzzled over the observation that low-birthweight babies of smokers tend to fare better than low-birthweight babies of non-smokers. Similar observations have been made with regard to factors other than smoking status, including socio-economic status, race and parity. Use of standardised birthweights, or birthweight z-scores, has been proposed as an approach to resolve the crossing of the curves that is the hallmark of the so-called birthweight paradox. In this paper, we utilise directed acyclic graphs, analytical proofs and an extensive simulation study to consider the use of z-scores of birthweight and their effect on statistical analysis. We illustrate …