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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Change Is Possible, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Change Is Possible, Frontiers In Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health
Changing long-standing cultural practices—even when such practices are harmful—is difficult, but the impressive success in reducing the acceptability and incidence of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in several settings shows it is possible. Research by FRONTIERS in Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, and Senegal has provided insight into the sociocultural and religious underpinnings of FGM/C and has identified approaches that, over time, have contributed to individual and community decisions to abandon the practice. This information can help reduce the risk of undergoing FGM/C faced by three million girls and women every year. This is one of eight Legacy Papers synthesizing …
Hazards And Gender In Children's Work: An Egyptian Perspective, Nadia Zibani
Hazards And Gender In Children's Work: An Egyptian Perspective, Nadia Zibani
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Girls and boys can and do work. They work for a variety of reasons related to poverty or failures in educational systems, and they work to support themselves and their families or to learn skills for future careers. The types of work carried out by children often differ according to the gender of the child. Additionally, the hazards they face in their work can also be differentiated on the basis of gender. The present study attempts to develop a better understanding of the gender aspects of children’s work with a particular focus on the gender-differentiated hazards that exist therein. This …
Trade Liberalization, Inter-Industry Wage Differentials And Job Quality In Egyptian Manufacturing, Shireen Al Azzawi, Mona Said
Trade Liberalization, Inter-Industry Wage Differentials And Job Quality In Egyptian Manufacturing, Shireen Al Azzawi, Mona Said
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This working paper investigates the impact of trade openness on wage and job quality outcomes in the Egyptian manufacturing sector over a period of rapid trade liberalization. Results indicate that institutional factors of job quality (social security, medical insurance, a contract, paid casual leave, paid sick leave, and membership in a trade union) have the strongest correlation with the trade variables and the industry-specific characteristics used in the analysis. Tariff reduction per se, does not seem to have had a significant impact on either wages or job quality. On the other hand, increased export orientation exerts a strong positive impact …
Measuring And Operationalizing Job Quality In Egypt [Arabic], Ragui Assaad, Rania Roushdy, Ali Rashed
Measuring And Operationalizing Job Quality In Egypt [Arabic], Ragui Assaad, Rania Roushdy, Ali Rashed
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
No abstract provided.
Toward Fgm-Free Villages In Egypt: A Mid-Term Evaluation And Documentation Of The Fgm-Free Village Project, Ghada Barsoum, Nadia Rifaat, Omaima El-Gibaly, Nihal Elwan, Natalie Forcier
Toward Fgm-Free Villages In Egypt: A Mid-Term Evaluation And Documentation Of The Fgm-Free Village Project, Ghada Barsoum, Nadia Rifaat, Omaima El-Gibaly, Nihal Elwan, Natalie Forcier
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This Population Council report is a mid-term evaluation and documentation of the process and approach of the FGM-Free Village Model in Egypt. The objective of this report is to create a knowledge base of information to support policy dialogue on female genital mutilation (FGM) and to assist in transferring knowledge about the model to other communities across Egypt and other countries where FGM is practiced. Impact evaluation at the community level shows the significant impact of the project in changing views and attitudes toward FGM among intervention groups. However, it also shows that FGM is an entrenched generational problem that …
The Impact Of Labor Market Reforms On Informality In Egypt, Jackline Wahba
The Impact Of Labor Market Reforms On Informality In Egypt, Jackline Wahba
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Egypt has undergone a number of economic reform measures since the early 1990s, with the aim of liberalizing the economy and moving toward a market economy. As a result, among other measures, the Egyptian government has introduced a new labor law (No. 12) with the goal of increasing flexibility in the labor market. Law 12, which came into effect in July 2003, provides comprehensive guidelines for the recruitment, hiring, compensation, and termination of employees. In particular, it provides increased flexibility for firms in the hiring/firing process, which has been a major bottleneck for job creation in the Egyptian labor market. …
The Impact Of Labor Market Reforms On Informality In Egypt [Arabic], Jackline Wahba
The Impact Of Labor Market Reforms On Informality In Egypt [Arabic], Jackline Wahba
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
No abstract provided.
When There Is No Respect At Work: Job Quality Issues For Women In Egypt's Private Sector [Arabic], Ghada Barsoum, Ali Rashed, Dahlia Hassanein
When There Is No Respect At Work: Job Quality Issues For Women In Egypt's Private Sector [Arabic], Ghada Barsoum, Ali Rashed, Dahlia Hassanein
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
No abstract provided.
When There Is No Respect At Work: Job Quality Issues For Women In Egypt's Private Sector, Ghada Barsoum, Ali Rashed, Dahlia Hassanein
When There Is No Respect At Work: Job Quality Issues For Women In Egypt's Private Sector, Ghada Barsoum, Ali Rashed, Dahlia Hassanein
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Egypt has one of the lowest female labor participation rates in the world. Based on ethnographic research, this working paper argues that women in Egypt, particularly young women, face job-quality issues that discourage them from continuing to work or even entering the labor market. The paper highlights women’s, particularly young women’s, valorization of jobs in the public sec-tor and with the government, even if untenable. Discussed are the advantages presented by the public sector in Egypt, why those jobs are valorized by women, and the strategies young women adopt in clinging to the hope of getting a public sector/government job. …
Trade Liberalization, Inter-Industry Wage Differentials And Job Quality In Egyptian Manufacturing [Arabic], Shireen Al Azzawi, Mona Said
Trade Liberalization, Inter-Industry Wage Differentials And Job Quality In Egyptian Manufacturing [Arabic], Shireen Al Azzawi, Mona Said
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
No abstract provided.
Mesures De La Qualité De L'Emploi Au Maroc: Vers La Construction D'Un Indicateur Composite, Touhami Abdelkhalek, Aziz Ajbilou, Mohamed Benkassmi
Mesures De La Qualité De L'Emploi Au Maroc: Vers La Construction D'Un Indicateur Composite, Touhami Abdelkhalek, Aziz Ajbilou, Mohamed Benkassmi
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
La qualité de l’emploi, son approche et sa mesure sont devenues des préoccupations majeures de plusieurs pays et organisations internationales dont le Bureau International du Travail (BIT). Dans ce travail, nous essayons de poser ce problème pour la première fois au Maroc. La prise de conscience relative à ce phénomène s’est retrouvée au cœur des débats dans les pays en développement, surtout ceux qui ont connu une libéralisation accrue des échanges et des ajustements sur les législations du marché du travail. Au Maroc, comme dans d’autres pays, un constat encourageant a été enregistré avec la baisse tendancielle du taux de …
Measuring And Operationalizing Job Quality In Egypt, Ragui Assaad, Rania Roushdy, Ali Rashed
Measuring And Operationalizing Job Quality In Egypt, Ragui Assaad, Rania Roushdy, Ali Rashed
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Given data constraints and the complexity of the concept, it is already quite challenging to operationalize the notion of job quality for wage and salary employment, but even more so for nonwage workers. This working paper addresses this challenge and attempts to formulate a measure of job quality at the individual job level. We combine information on actual and estimated earnings with information on access to social insurance, regularity of employment, work hours, and the nature of the workplace into an index of job quality, and we investigate the individual and enterprise-level determinants of such an index. Although our findings …
The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Egypt 2005, Population Council
The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Egypt 2005, Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
“The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data to Identify and Reach the Most Vulnerable Young People: Egypt 2005” is part of a series of Population Council guides that draw principally on data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to provide decisionmakers at all levels—from governments, nongovernmental organizations, and advocacy groups—with evidence on the situation of adolescent girls and boys and young women aged 10–24 years. The data are presented in graphs, tables, and maps (wherever possible), providing multiple formats to make the information accessible to a range of audiences. Section I is the Foreword. Section II offers brief technical notes specific …