Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Tobacco Smoke Exposure And Levels Of Urinary Metals In The U.S. Youth And Adult Population: The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (Nhanes) 1999–2004, Patricia A. Richter, Ellen E. Bishop, Jiantong Wang, Monica H. Swahn

Public Health Faculty Publications

We assessed 12 urine metals in tobacco smoke-exposed and not exposed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants. Our analysis included age, race/ethnicity, and poverty status. Gender and racial/ethnic differences in cadmium and lead and creatinine-adjusted and unadjusted data for group comparisons are presented. Smokers' had higher cadmium, lead, antimony, and barium levels than nonsmokers. Highest lead levels were in the youngest subjects. Lead levels among adults with high second-hand smoke exposure equaled smokers. Older smokers had cadmium levels signaling the potential for cadmium-related toxicity. Given the potential toxicity of metals, our findings complement existing research on exposure to chemicals …

Internally-Developed Teen Smoking Cessation Programs: Characterizing The Unique Features Of Programs Developed By Community-Based Organizations, Kymberle L. Sterling, Susan J. Curry, Sherry Emery, Amy K. Sporer, Robin J. Mermelstein, Michael Berbaum, Brian Flay

Public Health Faculty Publications

We have compared the unique features of teen tobacco cessation programs developed internally by community-based organizations (N=75) to prepackaged programs disseminated nationally (N=234) to expand our knowledge of treatment options for teen smokers. Internally-developed programs were more likely offered in response to the sponsoring organization’s initiative (OR=2.16, p

A Randomized Controlled Trial Of The Concrete Biosand Filter And Its Impact On Diarrheal Disease In Bonao, Dominican Republic., Christine E. Stauber, Gloria M. Ortiz, Dana P. Loomis, Mark Sobsey

Public Health Faculty Publications

A number of household water treatment and safe storage technologies, such as chlorine disinfection, solar disinfection, and ceramic filtration, have been documented for their ability to reduce diarrheal disease and improve microbial water quality. The biosand filter (BSF) is a promising household water treatment technology in use by > 500,000 people globally. The purpose of this research was to document the ability of BSFs to improve water quality and to reduce diarrheal disease in user compared with non-user households in a randomized controlled trial in Bonao, Dominican Republic, during 2005–2006. During the 6-month intervention period, 75 BSF households had significantly improved …

Randomized Controlled Trials Of The Plastic Housing Biosand Filter In Cambodia, Ghana And Honduras., Christine E. Stauber, Anna M. Fabiszewski De Aceituno, Erin L. Printy, Byron C. Kominek, Adam R. Walters, Kaida Liang, Mark Sobsey

Public Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Adaptive Vaccination Strategies To Mitigate Pandemic Influenza: Mexico As A Case Study, Gerardo Chowell, Cecile Viboud, Xiaohong Wang, Stefano M. Bertozzi, Mark A. Miller

Public Health Faculty Publications

Background

We explore vaccination strategies against pandemic influenza in Mexico using an age-structured transmission model calibrated against local epidemiological data from the Spring 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic.

Methods and Findings

In the context of limited vaccine supplies, we evaluate age-targeted allocation strategies that either prioritize youngest children and persons over 65 years of age, as for seasonal influenza, or adaptively prioritize age groups based on the age patterns of hospitalization and death monitored in real-time during the early stages of the pandemic. Overall the adaptive vaccination strategy outperformed the seasonal influenza vaccination allocation strategy for a wide range of disease and …

Epidemiological And Transmissibility Analysis Of Influenza A(H1n1)V In A Southern Hemisphere Setting: Peru, C V. Munayco, Victor Alberto Laguna-Torres, Juan Arrasco, Tadeusz Kochel, V Fiestas, J Garcia, I Torres, J Perez, Hiroshi Nishiura, Gerardo Chowell

Public Health Faculty Publications

We present a preliminary analysis of 1,771 confirmed cases of influenza A(H1N1)v reported in Peru by 17 July including the frequency of the clinical characteristics, the spatial and age distribution of the cases and the estimate of the transmission potential. Age-specific frequency of cases was highest among school age children and young adults, with the lowest frequency of cases among seniors, a pattern that is consistent with reports from other countries. Estimates of the reproduction number lie in the range of 1.2 to 1.7, which is broadly consistent with previous estimates for this pandemic in other regions. Validation of these …

Pandemic Influenza In A Southern Hemisphere Setting: The Experience In Peru From May To September, 2009, Jorge Gomez, Cesar Munayco, Juan Arrasco, L. Suarez, Victor Alberto Laguna-Torres, Patricia V. Aguilar, Gerardo Chowell, Tadeusz Kochel

Public Health Faculty Publications

This paper presents a description of Peru’s experience with pandemic H1N1 influenza 2009. It is based on data from four main surveillance systems: a) ongoing sentinel surveillance of influenza-like illness cases with virological surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses; b) sentinel surveillance of severe acute respiratory infections and associated deaths; c) surveillance of acute respiratory infections in children under the age of five years and pneumonia in all age groups; and d) case and cluster surveillance. On 9 May 2009, the first confirmed case of pandemic H1N1 influenza in Peru was diagnosed in a Peruvian citizen returning from New …

Severe Respiratory Disease Concurrent With The Circulation Of H1n1 Influenza, Gerardo Chowell, Stefano M. Bertozzi, M. Arantxa Colchero, Celia Alpuche-Aranda, Mauricio Hernandez

Public Health Faculty Publications

Background

In the spring of 2009, an outbreak of severe pneumonia was reported in conjunction with the concurrent isolation of a novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV), widely known as swine flu, in Mexico. Influenza A (H1N1) subtype viruses have rarely predominated since the 1957 pandemic. The analysis of epidemic pneumonia in the absence of routine diagnostic tests can provide information about risk factors for severe disease from this virus and prospects for its control.

Methods

From March 24 to April 29, 2009, a total of 2155 cases of severe pneumonia, involving 821 hospitalizations and 100 deaths, were reported …