Other Plant Sciences Commons^™

Nebline, July 2012

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: 4-H Food Booth at Super Fair Volunteers Have Fun, Rewarding Experience

Farm Views

Urban Agriculture

Food & Fitness

Home & Family Living

Horticulture

Environmental Focus

4-H & Youth

Community Focus

Extension Calendar

Nutrition Education Program

Family and Community Education (FCE) Clubs

and other extension news and events

Effects Of Single And Double Infections Of Winter Wheat By Triticum Mosaic Virus And Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus On Yield Determinants, E. Byamukama, S. Tatineni, G. L. Hein, R. A. Graybosch, P. Stephen Baenziger, R. French, S. N. Wegulo

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) is a recently discovered virus infecting wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Great Plains region of the United States. It is transmitted by wheat curl mites (Aceria tosichella) which also transmit Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Wheat mosaic virus. In a greenhouse study, winter wheat ‘Millennium’ (WSMV susceptible) and ‘Mace’ (WSMV resistant) were mechanically inoculated with TriMV, WSMV, TriMV+WSMV, or sterile water at the two-leaf growth stage. At 28 days after inoculation, final chlorophyll meter (soil plant analysis development [SPAD]) readings, area under the SPAD progress curve (AUSPC), the number of …

Nebline, June 2012

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

No abstract provided.

Composting Manure And Other Organic Materials, Charles S. Wortmann, Charles A. Shapiro

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The Composting Process

Composting is the aerobic decomposition of manure or other organic materials in the thermophilic temperature range (104-149oF). Composted material is odorless, fine-textured, and low-moisture. It can be bagged and sold for use in gardens or nurseries, or used as fertilizer on cropland with little odor or fly breeding potential. Composting improves the handling characteristics of any organic residue by reducing its volume and weight. Composting can kill pathogens and weed seeds.

Disadvantages of composting organic residues include loss of nitrogen and other nutrients, time for processing, cost for handling equipment, available land for composting, odors, marketing, diversion …

In Vitro Regeneration Of Rudbeckia Hirta ‘Plainview Farm’ From Leaf Tissue, Youping Sun, Lijuan Han, Donglin Zhang

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Rudbeckia hirta ‘Plainview Farm’, a new multiple-layered ray flowered cultivar, shows potential for potted plant production. After years of seed germination, this specific flower morphological trait was still unstable from generation to generation. To maintain its unique features, leaf sections (0.25 cm2 ) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with either BA (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg·L1 ), KIN (2.5, 5, or 10 mg·L-1 ), or ZT (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg·L-1 )toinduce callus and microshoots. After cultivation for 33 days, all cytokinin treatments significantly induced callus and the callus size were 1.5- to-2.4-fold bigger than those …

Escape From Preferential Retention Following Repeated Whole Genome Duplications In Plants, James C. Schnable, Xiaowu Wang, J. Chris Pires, Michael Freeling

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The well supported gene dosage hypothesis predicts that genes encoding proteins engaged in dose–sensitive interactions cannot be reduced back to single copies once all interacting partners are simultaneously duplicated in a whole genome duplication. The genomes of extant flowering plants are the result of many sequential rounds of whole genome duplication, yet the fraction of genomes devoted to encoding complex molecular machines does not increase as fast as expected through multiple rounds of whole genome duplications. Using parallel interspecies genomic comparisons in the grasses and crucifers, we demonstrate that genes retained as duplicates following a whole genome duplication have only …

Nebline, May 2012

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: Lincoln’s Biosolids Land Application Program is 20 Years Old

Farm Views

Urban Agriculture

Food & Fitness

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Horticulture

Environmental Focus

4-H & Youth

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Nutrition Education Program

Family and Community Education (FCE) Clubs

and other extension news and events

Nest And Brood Site Selection And Survival Of Greater Prairie-Chickens In The Eastern Sandhills Of Nebraska, Lars Anderson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Greater prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnata) are a grassland bird species of conservation concern. Although greater prairie-chickens have declined over much of their range, the Nebraska Sandhills has the largest population in North America. However, the responses of nest and brood site selection and survival to vegetation characteristics are unknown. I studied prairie-chickens on private rangelands in Rock and Brown Counties from 2009-2011. I fitted 139 females with radio collars to locate nest and brood sites and to determine nest and brood survival rates. Females were trapped on leks during the breeding season and I monitored them throughout the …

Root-Knot Nematodes In Golf Course Greens Of The Western United States, Claudia Nischwitz

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

Nebline, April 2012

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: Helping New Americans Choose Healthy Foods

Farm Views

Urban Agriculture

Food & Fitness

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Horticulture

Environmental Focus

4-H & Youth

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Nutrition Education Program

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and other extension news and events

Nebline, March 2012

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: National Agriculture Week is March 4–10: A Time to Celebrate and Reflect About Nebraska’s Leading Industry

Farm Views

Urban Agriculture

Food & Fitness

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Horticulture

Environmental Focus

4-H & Youth

Community Focus

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Nutrition Education Program

Family and Community Education (FCE) Clubs

and other extension news and events

Weed Awareness Special Pullout Section

Plant Wounding And Ophiostoma Mitovirus 3a (Omv3a) Influence Infection Of Creeping Bentgrass By Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa, Angela M. Orshinsky, Michael J. Boehm, Greg J. Boland

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Colonization and lesion development by virulent, asymptomatic and hypovirulent isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa on nonwounded (NW) and wounded (W) leaves of creeping bentgrass were characterized. Hypovirulent and asymptomatic isolates contain the fungal virus, Ophiostoma mitovirus 3a, and virulent isolates are virus-free. On NW leaves, all isolates infected leaves with appressoria along cell walls and through stomata by 48 hours post-inoculation (hpi). Inter- and intracellular hyphae formed on heavily colonized, NW leaves at 96 hpi. Wound-inoculated grass had a colonization front characterized by inter- and intracellular hyphal colonization within nonsymptomatic tissues at 8 hpi by direct infection of the wound …

Nebline, February 2012

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: 4-H Diamond Clover Program Helps Youth Plan and Achieve Goals

Farm Views

Urban Agriculture

Food & Fitness

Home & Family Living

Horticulture

Environmental Focus

4-H & Youth

Community Focus

Extension Calendar

Nutrition Education Program

Family and Community Education (FCE) Clubs

and other extension news and events

2011 Vadose Zone Nitrate Study At Hastings, Ne (Revised), Roy F. Spalding, Martin Toavs

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In an effort to assist Hastings Utilities in the management of their well-head protection area (WHP A) and to protect the groundwater from the impact of nitrate loading from potential nonpoint and point sources, Hastings Utilities subcontracted with the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture at the University of Nebraska for deep vadose zone coring. Continuous 60-ft soil cores were obtained at 36 sites within the apparent WHP A (Figure 1). The sites were selected by Marty Stange on the basis of availability for sampling, management, landuse , cropping history, and location within the WHPA. Nitrogen analyses of these deep soil …

Genome-Wide Analysis Of Syntenic Gene Deletion In The Grasses, James C. Schnable, Michael Freeling, Eric Lyons

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The grasses, Poaceae, are one of the largest and most successful angiosperm families. Like many radiations of flowering plants, the divergence of the major grass lineages was preceded by a whole-genome duplication (WGD), although these events are not rare for flowering plants. By combining identification of syntenic gene blocks with measures of gene pair divergence and different frequencies of ancient gene loss, we have separated the two subgenomes present in modern grasses. Reciprocal loss of duplicated genes or genomic regions has been hypothesized to reproductively isolate populations and, thus, speciation. However, in contrast to previous studies in yeast and teleost …

Soybean Disease Profiles I: Foliar Diseases, Loren J. Giesler, Robert M. Harveson, Tamra A. Jackson-Ziems, Kevin A. Korus, Bo Liu, Stephen N. Wegulo

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Extension Circular 1093 (EC1903).

Disease photographs and descriptions of Bacterial Blight, Bacterial Pustule, Brown Spot, Cercospora Leaf Blight and Purple Seed Stain, Downy Mildew, Frogeye Leaf Spot, Soybean Rust, Powdery Mildew, and Bean Pod mottle and Soybean Mosaic.

Effects Of Foliar Fungicides And Application Timing On Field Corn In Nebraska, 2011, C. M. Schleicher, T. A. Jackson

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A foliar fungicide efficacy timing trial was conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln South Central Agricultural Laboratory near Clay Center, NE. DeKalb corn hybrid DKC 62-54, rating of “good” (6 out of 9) for gray leaf spot (GLS) and “excellent” (2 out of 9) for common rust (CR), was planted on 2 May in 30 in. rows with a target population of 32,000 plants/A. The trial area was disked with soybean as the previous year’s crop. On 9 May before plant emergence, a herbicide program of Roundup (1 pt/A), Verdict (16 fl oz/A) and Atrazine (1 lb/A) was applied to …

Evaluation Of Application Timing Of Foliar Fungicides On Efficacy Of Field Corn At Ardc In Eastern Nebraska, 2011, C. M. Schleicher, T. A. Jackson-Ziems

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A foliar fungicide efficacy timing trial was conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Agricultural Research and Development Center near Mead, NE. Pioneer corn hybrid P0832XR was planted on 10 May in 30 in. rows with a target population of 30,000 plants/A. The trial area was disked in the early spring with corn as the previous year’s crop. A herbicide program of Lexar (3 pts/A) + Roundup PowerMax (22 fl oz/A) +AMS was applied to the trial. Nine treatments and a non-treated control were replicated five times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was four rows (10 ft) wide …

Evaluation Of Application Timing Of Foliar Fungicides On Efficacy Of Field Corn In Central Nebraska, 2011, C. M. Schleicher, T. A. Jackson-Ziems

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A foliar fungicide efficacy timing trial was conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln South Central Agricultural Laboratory near Clay Center, NE. DeKalb corn hybrid DKC 62-54, rating of “good” (6 out of 9) for gray leaf spot (GLS) and “excellent” (2 out of 9) for common rust (CR), was planted on 3 May in 30 in. rows with a target population of 32,000 plants/A. The trial area was disked with a crop history of seven years of continuous corn. On 9 May before plant emergence, a herbicide program of Roundup (1 pt/A), Verdict (16 fl oz/A) and Atrazine (1 lb/A) …

Efficacy Evaluation Of Foliar Fungicides In Field Corn With Low Disease Pressure In Central Nebraska, 2011, C. M. Schleicher, T. A. Jackson

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A foliar fungicide efficacy trial was conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln South Central Agricultural Laboratory near Clay Center, NE. DeKalb corn hybrid DKC 62-54, rating of “good” (6 out of 9) for gray leaf spot (GLS) and “excellent” (2 out of 9) for common rust (CR), was planted on 3 May in 30 in. rows with a target population of 32,000 plants/A. The trial area was disked with a crop history of seven years of continuous corn. On 9 May before plant emergence, a herbicide program of Roundup (1 pt/A), Verdict (16 fl oz/A) and Atrazine (1 lb/A) was …

Morphogenetic And Developmental Functions Of The Aspergillus Nidulans Homologues Of The Yeast Bud Site Selection Proteins Bud4 And Axl2, Haoyu Si, William R. Rittenour, Kaimei Xu, Mark Nicksarlian, Ana M. Calvo, Steven D. Harris

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The yeast bud site selection system represents a paradigm for understanding how fungal cells regulate the formation of a polarity axis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bud4 and Axl2 are components of the axial bud site marker. To address the possibility that these proteins regulate cellular morphogenesis in filamentous fungi, we have characterized homologues of Bud4 and Axl2 in Aspergillus nidulans. Our results show that Bud4 is involved in septum formation in both hyphae and developing conidiophores. Whereas Axl2 appears to have no obvious role in hyphal growth, it is required for the regulation of phialide morphogenesis during conidiation. In …

Efficacy Evaluation Of Foliar Fungicide Application Timing In Field Corn In Central Nebraska, 2011, C. M. Schleicher, T. A. Jackson

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A foliar fungicide efficacy timing trial was conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln South Central Agricultural Laboratory near Clay Center, NE. DeKalb corn hybrid DKC 62-54, rating of “good” (6 out of 9) for gray leaf spot (GLS) and “excellent” (2 out of 9) for common rust (CR), was planted on 3 May in 30 in. rows with a target population of 32,000 plants/A. The trial area was disked with a crop history of seven years of continuous corn. On 9 May before plant emergence, a herbicide program of Roundup (1 pt/A), Verdict (16 fl oz/A) and Atrazine (1 lb/A) …

Sunflower Disease Profiles I: Foliar Diseases, Robert M. Harveson, Loren J. Giesler, Tamra A. Jackson, Bo Liu, Stephen N. Wegulo, Kevin A. Korus

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Extension Circular 1900 (EC1900).

Photographs and disease descriptions of Viruses, Apical Chlorosis, Downy Mildew, Rust, Alternia Leaf Spot, and Bacterial Leaf Spot.

Brown Midrib2 (Bmr2) Encodes The Major 4-Coumarate: Coenzyme A Ligase Involved In Lignin Biosynthesis In Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench), Ana Saballos, Scott Sattler, Emiliano Sanchez, Timothy P. Foster, Zhanguo Xin, Chulhee Kang, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Wilfred Vermerris

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Successful modification of plant cell-wall composition without compromising plant integrity is dependent on being able to modify the expression of specific genes, but this can be very challenging when the target genes are members of multigene families. 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL) catalyzes the formation of 4-coumaroyl CoA, a precursor of both flavonoids and monolignols, and is an attractive target for transgenic down-regulation aimed at improving agro-industrial properties. Inconsistent phenotypes of transgenic plants have been attributed to variable levels of down-regulation of multiple 4CL genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the sorghum genome revealed 24 4CL(-like) proteins, five of which cluster with bona fide …

Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis Of Saturated Fatty Acids In A Population Of Recombinant Inbred Lines Of Soybean, Xianzhi Wang, Guo-Liang Jiang, Marci Green, Roy A. Scott, D. L. Hyten, P. B. Cregan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important crop which contributes approximately 58% of the world’s oilseed production. Palmitic and stearic acids are the two main saturated fatty acids in soybean oil. Different levels of saturated fatty acids are desired depending on the uses of the soybean oil. Vegetable oil low in saturated fatty acids is preferred for human consumption, while for industrial applications, soybean oil with higher levels of saturated fatty acids is more suitable. The objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for saturated fatty acids, analyze the genetic effects of single QTL …

Natural Variation In Iron Use Efficiency And Mineral Remobilization In Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus), Brian M. Waters, Grace Troupe

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Aims: Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient, and plant-available Fe is often limited in alkaline soils. Fe deficiency chlorosis decreases plant growth and yield. Identification of germplasm with high and low Fe use efficiency will allow studies to better understand the genetic components for breeding Fe efficient varieties.

Methods: A screen using cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings identified varieties that maintained contrasting levels of chlorophyll under Fe deficiency or limitation. A time course of mineral dynamics in cotyledons was conducted.

Results: The variety Ashley had the highest chlorophyll under Fe deficiency and per unit Fe in the leaf, while …

Tritimovirus P1 Functions As A Suppressor Of Rna Silencing And An Enhancer Of Disease Symptoms, Brock A. Young, Drake C. Stenger, Feng Qu, T. Jack Morris, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Roy French

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is an eriophyid mite-transmitted virus of the genus Tritimovirus, family Potyviridae. Complete deletion of helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) has no effect on WSMV virulence or disease synergism, suggesting that a different viral protein suppresses RNA silencing. RNA silencing suppression assays using Nicotiana benthamiana 16C plants expressing GFP were conducted with each WSMV protein; only P1 suppressed RNA silencing. Accumulation of GFP siRNAs was markedly reduced in leaves infiltrated with WSMV P1 at both 3 and 6 days post infiltration relative to WSMV HC-Pro and the empty vector control. On the other hand, helper component-proteinase …

Evaluation Of Application Timing Efficacy Of Evito Fungicide On Field Corn In Nebraska, 2010, C. M. Schleicher, T. A. Jackson

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A foliar fungicide efficacy timing trial was conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln South Central Agricultural Laboratory near Clay Center, NE. DeKalb corn hybrid DKC 61-69, rating of “good” (5 out of 9) for gray leaf spot and “very good” (3 out of 9) for common rust, was planted on 29 Apr in 30-in. rows with a target population of 30,000 plants/A. The trial area was disked the previous fall with a crop history of six years of continuous corn. Three treatments and a non-treated control were replicated six times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was four …

Evaluation Of Foliar Fungicide Application Timing On Efficacy Of Field Corn At Wcrec In Western Nebraska, 2011, C. M. Schleicher, C. Langemeier, G. Kruger, T. A. Jackson-Ziems

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A foliar fungicide efficacy timing trial was conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln West Central Research and Extension Center at North Platte, NE. NuTech corn hybrid 3A513, rating of 5 out of 9 (1=best, 9=worst) for gray leaf spot was planted on 10 May in 30 in. rows with a target population of 32,000 plants/A. The trial area was disked prior to planting with corn as the previous year’s crop. Furrows were built in season for flood irrigation. A herbicide program of Lumax (2.5 qt/A) + Atrazine (1 lb/A) + Glystar (20 oz/A) was applied on 25 Apr. 200 lb …

Evaluation Of Foliar Fungicide Application Timing On Efficacy Of Field Corn At Scal In Central Nebraska, 2011, C. M. Schleicher, T. A. Jackson-Ziems

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A foliar fungicide efficacy timing trial was conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln South Central Agricultural Laboratory near Clay Center, NE. DeKalb corn hybrid DKC 62-54, rating of “good” (6 out of 9) for gray leaf spot (GLS) and “excellent” (2 out of 9) for common rust (CR), was planted on 5 May in 30 in. rows with a target population of 32,000 plants/A. The trial area had soybean as the previous year’s crop. On 9 May before plant emergence, a herbicide program of Roundup (1 pt/A), Verdict (16 fl oz/A) and Atrazine (1 lb/A) was applied to the trial …