Botany Commons^™

Identification Of Benzoin Obtained From Calli Of Styrax Officinalis By Hplc, Hati̇ce Demi̇ray, Ayli̇n Eşi̇z Dereboylu, Zeki̇ye Işin Yazici, Fati̇h Karabey

Turkish Journal of Botany

The stem tissue of Styrax officinalis L. distributed in West Anatolia was induced with agents such as boric acid and cocarboxylase (thiamine diphosphate), extensive stimulators of resin channels, in order to increase the amount of benzoin volatile oil. While the benzoin content was 120% in the induction medium to which excess boron and niacin were added, it increased to 231% when cocarboxylase (thiamine diphosphate) was added to the medium. Benzoin content of Styrax from petiole calli was 166%. HPLC-DAD results revealed that benzoin resin was present in 90% of the stems of Styrax officinalis distributed in West Anatolia. The major …

Contributions To Lichen Diversity Of Turkey From The Sarısu Area (Kocaeli), Gülşah Çobanoğlu, Bi̇rkan Açikgöz, Laurentiu Baloniu

Turkish Journal of Botany

A total of 85 lichen taxa from the Sarısu area of the district of Kandıra in Kocaeli Province were listed. Three new records for the biota of Turkey, Coenogonium pineti (Ach.) Lücking & Lumbsch, Lecania cuprea (A.Massal.) Van den Boom & Coppins, and Opegrapha calcarea Turner ex Sm., have been identified within the context of this study along with 81 new taxa for the province of Kocaeli.

The Revision Of Genus Seseli (Umbelliferae) In Turkey, Ebru Doğan Güner, Hayri̇ Duman

Turkish Journal of Botany

Seseli L. is represented by 12 taxa (species and subspecies) in the Flora of Turkey. On the basis of morphological examination and field investigation, we have revised the genus Seseli in Turkey. The following are provided for each taxon: a description, along with the complete synonymy and notes on nomenclature, geographical distribution, habitat, IUCN conservation status assessment, and selected materials examined. Two new species from Turkey, Seseli marashica E.Doğan & H.Duman and S. serpentina B.L.Burtt ex H.Duman & E.Doğan, are also described. One taxon is reduced to synonymy: S. paphlagonicum Pimenov & Kljuykov is a synonym of S. gummiferum Pallas …

Rafflesia Sharifah-Hapsahiae (Rafflesiaceae), A New Species From Peninsular Malaysia, Jumaat Haji Adam, Rahmah Mohamed, Mohd Afiq Aizat Juhari, Nik Nadira Farhana Nik Ariff, Kiew-Lian Wan

Turkish Journal of Botany

A new species of the genus Rafflesia, Rafflesia sharifah-hapsahiae, is described, with illustrations. A key to 2 related species of Rafflesia of Peninsular Malaysia is also provided. A discussion on its differences and similarities with Rafflesia azlanii and Rafflesia hasseltii is presented.

Morphological And Ecological Evidence For A New Infraspecific Taxon Of The Wallflower Erysimum Cheiri (Brassicaceae) As An Indigenous Endemism Of The Southwestern Mediterranean, Samira Ouarmim, Chloe Dubset, Errol Vela

Turkish Journal of Botany

The wallflower Erysimum cheiri is a horticultural cruciferous growing as garden-escaped with a wide distribution in West and South Europe. In Algeria, it is locally found on the northern cliffs of the National Park of Gouraya (Kabylia). The aim of this study is to compare the populations of E. cheiri identified in Algeria with those found in Mediterranean France. To study the differences between both sites, a morphological and ecological analysis was undertaken on 6 populations growing in Algeria and France. Ecological communities where wallflower is growing in Algeria are dominated by indigenous plants with a significant proportion of endemic …

A New Species And 2 New Records From Turkey, Zeki̇ Aytaç, Hayri̇ Duman

Turkish Journal of Botany

Campanula aktascii Aytaç & H.Duman (Campanulaceae) has been described as a new species. The diagnostic characters of C. aktascii were compared and discussed with its resembling species and the ecology and phenology of the new species were presented. Onopordum rhodense Boiss. ex Rech.f. (Asteraceae) and Daucus conchitae W.Greuter (Apiaceae) have been reported as a new records from Antalya (South Anatolia) for Turkey. The distribution map and Red List categories of these taxa according to the IUCN were also given.

Monitoring Of Vascular Plant Diversity In A Changing Climate In The Alpine Zone Of The Central Greater Caucasus, Khatuna Gigauri, Maia Akhalkatsi, George Nakhutsrishvili, Otar Abdaladze

Turkish Journal of Botany

Short-term changes in plant species number, cover, frequency, and composition were studied along an altitudinal gradient crossing 4 GLORIA summits (from 2240 m to 3024 m a.s.l.) from the treeline ecotone to the subnival zone in the Central Caucasus. Large-scale (summit area) and small-scale (16 plots of 1 m^{2}/summit) patterns were monitored in 2001. Recording was repeated in 2008. During the monitoring period, the average soil temperature and growing-degree days did not significantly increase. After 7 years, a revisitation of the summit area revealed a considerable increase of species richness, especially at the lower alpine zone (CP1 and CP2 summits). …

Ranking Of 11 Coastal Halophytes From Salt Marshes In Northwest Turkey According Their Salt Tolerance, Christian Zörb, Ali̇ Sümer, Ali̇ Sungur, Timothy J. Flowers, Hasan Özcan

Turkish Journal of Botany

Salt-affected soils with high electrolyte contents limit the development of the majority of plants and serve as a habitat only for such species (halophytes) that can survive the conditions. To date, there is still much that is unknown about the physiological mechanisms, including ion relationships, that make plants salt-resistant. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate a method of ranking plants for their salt tolerance. A total of 11 coastal halophytes of the Kavak Delta were evaluated for their ability to cope with different soil salinities. For this, electrical conductivities of soils (of up to 135 dS m^{-1}) …

Shortcut To Long-Distance Developing Of A Tissue Culture Medium: Micropropagation Of Mature Almond Cultivars As A Case Study, Mehmet Nuri̇ Nas, Yüksel Bölek, Nevzat Sevgi̇n

Turkish Journal of Botany

Culture medium development methods are time-consuming, laborious, and require a large amount of experimental materials. The Nas hypothesis for the development of a micropropagation medium offers a less time-consuming and a less laborious approach. According to this hypothesis, the composition of a culture medium for a particular species should resemble the seed composition. In accordance with this hypothesis, first, an almond culture medium [Nas Almond Medium (NAM)] was developed based on almond kernel composition. Then, using mature tissues of almond cultivars, the growth of cultures on NAM was compared to that on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), Woody Plant Medium …

Callogenesis And Production Of Anthocyanin And Chlorophyll In Callus Cultures Of Vegetative And Floral Explants In Rosa Gallica And Rosa Hybrida (Rosaceae), Roshanak Tarrahi, Farkhondeh Rezanejad

Turkish Journal of Botany

Callogenesis using vegetative (leaf, stem, petiole) and floral (petal, pistil, anther) explants of Rosa gallica and R. hybrida was investigated using different combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, and gibberellic acid on modified Murashige and Skoog medium. The highest callogenesis was obtained on Murashige and Skoog medium containing ratios of 2 and 3 mg L^{-1} of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid to 1 mg L^{-1} of 6-benzylamino purine in both species depending on type of explant. Stem explants in R. gallica initiated callus after 4 days while the other explants in R. gallica and all explants in R. hybrida showed the greatest percentage of …

Protective Role Of Foliar-Applied Nitric Oxide In Triticum Aestivum Under Saline Stress, Farhana Kausar, Muhammad Shahbaz, Muhammad Ashraf

Turkish Journal of Botany

A study was conducted to assess whether foliar-applied nitric oxide (NO) could alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Four sodium nitroprusside levels (control [water spray] and 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 mM) were sprayed as a donor of NO on the leaves of cultivar S-24 plants grown under nonsaline and saline conditions (150 mM NaCl). Data for growth and yield, chlorophyll contents, activities of antioxidants, and concentrations of mineral nutrients were recorded. Root-medium salinity adversely affected shoot and root dry weight, shoot length, and yield attributes of the wheat plants while it enhanced the activities …

Euglenozoa Occurring In Adzopé Reservoir, Côte D’Ivoire, Ble Alexis Tardy Kouassi, Allassane Ouattara, Kouhete Philippe Da

Turkish Journal of Botany

The Euglenozoa flora of the Adzope Reservoir in Côte d'Ivoire was investigated from January to December 2005. The species composition of the assemblage was compiled, accompanied by illustrations. Forty-four taxa were identified in the temporal survey. Ten taxa (22.22%) are new for Côte d'Ivoire. The taxonomic structure presents 22.32% of the species common to the freshwater of West Africa, with most of the taxa (89.5%) found to be cosmopolitan. An endemic taxon, Trachelomonas pisciformis var. bicoronata Coute & Iltis (Euglenaceae), was observed. The assemblage was dominated by Trachelomonas Ehrenberg and Phacus Ehrenberg, which represented 47.72% and 29.54% of identified taxa, …

A Study Of The Genes Tfl1 And Lfy As Agents In The Divergent Evolution Of The Plant Species Arabidopsis Thaliana And Carica Papaya, Ryan Lockard

Honors Program Theses

The long term goals of this study are to: (1) To determine if the genes TFLI and LFY perform any role in the divergent evolution and development of these two plant species; (2) If so, begin to assess whether the homologs' functional divergence is a result of gene regulation, protein function, both, or some different genetic mechanism altogether. These goals will be accomplished by genetically transforming Arabidopsis thaliana plants containing TFLI and LFY knockout mutations (those genes removed) with the homologous genes from Carica papaya in order to compare differences in development between the plants resulting from the influence of …

Morphology, Structure, Function And Evolution Of Infrastaminal Scales In Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae), Stephanie Riviere

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Cuscuta (dodder, Convolvulaceae) is a genus of about 200 species of obligate stem parasites of cosmopolitan distribution. Infrastaminal scales (IFS) are staminode-like formations that surround the ovary in the flowers of dodders. Their morphological diversity has historically provided some of the most useful taxonomic diagnostic characters at the species-level, however, their function had not been determined. I performed a comparative study of the IFS in 147 taxa using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and results were analyzed in relation to a Cuscuta phylogeny obtained from a combined analysis of rbcL and 26S rDNA gene sequences. To test the hypothesis …

La Serreta Endokarst (Se Spain): A Sustainable Value?, Antonia D. Asencio, Teodoro Espinosa

International Journal of Speleology

La Serreta endokarst (SE Spain), which UNESCO declared a World Heritage Site in 1998, was considered a sanctuary with cave art and one of the most important archaeological sites in the Mediterranean region for both the remains it hosts and the spectacular karstic landscape at the site.

To coincide with the 40th anniversary of its discovery, the La Serreta cave-chasm was adapted for public use with the intention of showing visitors the remains, which date back to prehistoric times. The solution included attempts to minimize contact with the valuables in the cave in order to alter the existing remains as …

Local Filters Limit Species Diversity, But Species Pools Determine Composition, Tara K. Rajaniemi, Deborah E. Goldberg, Roy Turkington, Andrew R. Dyer

Faculty Publications

In a series of three experiments, we tested for effects of species pools, resource stress, and species interactions on four aspects of community structure: species richness, evenness, species composition, and functional group composition. We also examined whether the impacts of species interactions on the community varied with resource availability or species pool. Communities of sand dune annuals grew from seed bank samples collected from two sites in three different years, so that the species pool differed at two levels: the source site and the year of seed bank collection. Communities experienced one of three irrigation treatments and a range of …

Traversing Swanton Road, 10th Ed., James A. West

Academic, Government & Associated Organizational Research Resources

Situated at the northwest end of Santa Cruz County and occupying circa 30 square miles of sharply contrasted terrain, the Scott Creek Watershed concentrates within its geomorphological boundaries, at least 10-12% of California's flora, both native and introduced. Paradoxically, the use/abuse that the watershed has sustained over the past 140+ years, has not necessarily diminished the biodiversity and perhaps parallels the naturally disruptive but biologically energizing processes (fire, flooding, landslides and erosion), which have also been historically documented for the area for +60 years. This is an early edition of an extensive document by James A. West. Please visit the …

Updated Manuscript Submission Guidelines For The Prairie Naturalist, Christopher N. Jacques, Troy W. Grovenburg, Jonathan A. Jenks

The Prairie Naturalist

These guidelines present updated policies and procedures for submitting scientific manuscripts for consideration for publication in The Prairie Naturalist (PNAT). These guidelines incorporate substantial changes that have occurred following a change in Editorial staff during January 2009, and update the online “Suggestions for Contributors” guidelines provided on the PNAT website (http://www.sdstate.edu/nrm/organizations/gpnss/tpn/index.cfm); these instructions supersede all previous guidelines.

Tables and appendices are included for common word expressions with superfluous wording (Table 1), examples of correct format and style guidelines for tables accompanying manuscripts (Table 2, Appendix A), guidance in properly preparing Research notes (Appendix B) and citing literature (Appendix …

Terrestrial And Semi-Aquatic Vertebrates In Diets Of Largemouth Bass In Central Nebraska, Seth A. Lundgren, Keith Geluso, Casey W. Schoenebeck

The Prairie Naturalist

Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) are opportunistic predators often feeding in littoral areas during crepuscular periods (Snow 1971). Adult largemouth bass primarily are piscivorous, whereas juveniles generally consume zooplankton, insects, and small fish (Zweiacker and Summerfelt 1974, Carlander 1977, Post 2003). Age-0 largemouth bass generally consume zooplankton and macroinvertebrates (Keast and Webb 1966, Keast 1985, Phillips et al. 1995, Post 2003) and shift to piscivory at 50-70 mm in length (Phillips et al. 1995, Olson 1996, Post 2003). Few studies have documented detailed accounts of other vertebrates besides fish in diets of largemouth bass, which include amphibians (Hodgson and …

The Incentive And Benefits To Publish Research, Christopher N. Jacques

The Prairie Naturalist

In the northern Great Plains, December is a month marked by the end of the year and a period of much-needed rest and relaxation during the start of the winter season. Landscapes will soon be blanketed with snow and local floral and faunal species have adapted to the ensuing winter months ahead. Winter is a season that reminds you who you live in the Plains states, and as such, should expect bitter cold temperatures, strong winds, and blowing and drifting snow. However, December is a great time to enjoy the outdoors across the Great Plains, a time to reflect on …

Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2012, R. D. Bond, D. G. Dombek, J. A. Still, R. M. Pryor

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Soybean variety and strain performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture Arkansas Crop Variety Improvement Program. The tests provide information to companies developing varieties and/or marketing seed within the state, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating variety recommendations for soybean producers.

Relative Stability Of Plant Communities In A South Carolina High Salt Marsh, James O. Luken

Biology

The high marsh in southeast Atlantic coast salt marshes forms a relatively small but ecologically important transition zone between low marsh and the terrestrial shoreline. However, long-term trend data from high marshes are limited to a few studies. Permanent plots established in a high marsh near Waties Island in northeast South Carolina were measured for plant coverage from 2002-2010. At the beginning and at the end of the study, four groups of plots were identified: mixed indicated by Borrichia frutescens, Distichlis spicata, and Fimbristylis castanea; Juncus indicated by Juncus roemerianus; Salicornia indicated by Salicornia virginica; and Spartina indicated by Spartina …

The Biological Control Of Spotted Knapweed In The Southeastern United States, Carey R. Minteer

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Spotted knapweed is an invasive, short-term-perennial plant that is native to Eurasia. It was accidentally introduced into North America in the early 1890's and has since spread across The United States and Canada. Spotted knapweed degrades rangelands and pastures by negatively impacting native plants, increasing soil surface runoff and stream sediment yields, and reducing soil infiltration. A biological control program for spotted knapweed using Larinus minutus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was initiated in Arkansas in 2008. In this dissertation I described the releases of L. minutus and investigated the adult activity in the southeastern United States (Chapter 1), investigated the effects of …

Characterization And Epidemiology Of Soybean Vein Necrosis Associated Virus, Jing Zhou

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soybean vein necrosis disease (SVND) is widespread in major soybean-producing areas in the U.S. The typical disease symptoms exhibit as vein clearing along the main vein, which turn into chlorosis or necrosis as season progresses. Double-stranded RNA isolation and shot gun cloning of symptomatic tissues revealed the presence of a new tospovirus, provisionally named as Soybean vein necrosis associated virus (SVNaV). The presence of the virus has been confirmed in 12 states: Arkansas, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, Mississippi, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia and New York. Symptomatic samples collected from eight states (AR, IL, MO, MS, KS, TN, MD and DE), …

Meta-Analysis Of Wheat Qtl Regions Associated With Heat And Drought Stress, Marlovi Andrea Acuna Galindo

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Heat and drought are the two most important environmental constraints to wheat production globally, are often present simultaneously and will become more severe with global climate change. This presents a unique challenge to wheat scientists who must work to develop wheat cultivars that are productive and adapted to future environmental conditions. A number of recent studies have reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with heat and drought tolerance, as well as QTL for stress adaptive traits such as the availability of stem carbohydrates or crop canopy temperature. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of these QTL …

Evaluation Of The Recombination Efficiencies Of Flp Proteins, Linh Duy Nguyen

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Site-specific recombination systems are powerful tools for genetic modification. They have been used to integrate a transgene into a pre-defined locus and to remove marker genes from a transgene locus. Two of the most widely used site-specific recombination systems in plants are the Cre/lox system from the bacteriophage P1 and the FLP/FRT system from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Cre/lox system is well-characterized and is the first choice in application of site-specific recombination system. However, some applications such as marker-free site-specific gene integration require the use of two recombination systems. In addition, the availability of alternative recombination systems can offer …

Interior Least Tern Powerline Collision On The Lower Platte River, Lauren R. Dinan, Joel G. Jorgensen, Mary Bomberger Brown

The Prairie Naturalist

Collisions with electrical powerlines are a well-known documented cause of avian mortality (Avian Power Line Interaction Committee [APLIC] 1994, Savereno et al. 1996). Mortality caused by collisions with powerlines can be an important concern for many bird species, but is a serious conservation problem for threatened and endangered species because any mortality can have biological and legal ramifications (Janss 2000). Loss of individuals, particularly breeding adults, from an already small population may impede a species’ recovery by reducing reproduction and recruitment into the breeding population. The death of an individual from a threatened or endangered species as a result of …

Avian Diversity And Habitat Use On Wetland Reserve Program Lands In The Lower Missouri River Valley, Eric C. Hopps

The Prairie Naturalist

A primary objective of the Wetland Reserve Program (WRP) is to provide habitat for migratory birds throughout all seasons of the year. Comprehensive avian assessments are lacking and limit our ability to evaluate the benefits of the WRP to continental bird populations. I investigated avian species occurrence on WRP lands within the Lower Missouri River Valley (LMRV), Nebraska, USA, from March 2010 to February 2011. Ten WRP habitat types are described based on plant community assemblages and observed hydrological regimes. Estimates of avian species richness were greatest in lowland forest (n = 115), lowland woodland (n = 83) and upland …

Fish Assemblage Structure In Black Hills, South Dakota Streams, Luke D. Schultz, Sarah J. Lewis, Katie Nicole Bertrand

The Prairie Naturalist

Understanding factors structuring fish assemblages in a particular area is valuable to both sport fishery management and native species conservation. Fish assemblages in the Black Hills are unique to South Dakota because they contain economically valuable introduced salmonids as well as native species of conservation need. Our objective was to examine the relationship between fish assemblages and geomorphic and reach-scale habitat features across multiple stream reaches in the Black Hills. Canonical correspondence analysis, a direct gradient ordination analysis, indicated that factors operating at multiple spatial scales interacted to structure fish assemblages. There also was indication of segregation between native species …

Walleye Trophic Position Before And After A Gizzard Shad Extirpation, Bethany J. Bethke, Justin A. Vandehey, Mark J. Fincel, Brian D.S. Graeb, Mark T. Porath

The Prairie Naturalist

Walleye (Sander vitreus) are an ecologically and recreationally important sport fish species. Reduced growth and condition in walleye can occur when prey availability is limited. In two Nebraska reservoirs, walleye consumed gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) as their primary prey until a winterkill extirpated the gizzard shad in 2001. Because of the winterkill, walleye in the two reservoirs had to change to alternative prey items. Our objective was to determine if stable isotope analysis on archived walleye scales can be used to detect a known food web shift in two reservoir food webs. We quantified the changes …