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Articles 2461 - 2490 of 10753

Full-Text Articles in Botany

Are Weevils Picky Eaters? Community Structure And Host Specificity Of Neotropical Saproxylic Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Jhunior A. Morillo Jan 2017

Are Weevils Picky Eaters? Community Structure And Host Specificity Of Neotropical Saproxylic Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Jhunior A. Morillo

Dissertations and Theses

Abstract Primary saproxylic beetles play a major role in forest nutrient cycling and making deadwood accessible to other decomposers. Understanding beetle host preferences and patterns of community assembly is critical for their conservation, and for predicting which species might become invasive. This project aims to investigate the ecological and host specificity, as well as the community composition of curculionids in a mosaic of old-growth (OG) and secondary forest on the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. The subfamily Scolytinae was expected to be the most species-rich and abundant. Ambrosia beetles were expected to have more generalist species than other curculionids. Old growth …

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Sepals And Petals And Stamens—Oh, My! Or, A Brief Discourse On Putative Homologies Of Perianth Elements Of Common Black Cohosh, W. John Hayden Jan 2017

Sepals And Petals And Stamens—Oh, My! Or, A Brief Discourse On Putative Homologies Of Perianth Elements Of Common Black Cohosh, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

I encountered some contradictory information while preparing to write the 2017 Wildflower of the Year brochure: some sources describe flowers of Actaea racemosa, Common Black Cohosh, as having petals, while others say petals are absent. How can that be? How could there be such uncertainty about this common plant, one known to science since before the time of Linnaeus? After a little research, I decided to describe Black Cohosh flowers as having a series of organs interpretable either as staminodes (nonfunctional stamens) or as petals located between its sepals and stamens (Figure 1). Frankly, I waffled on the petal issue, …

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Ecological Gradient Analyses Of Plant Associations In The Thandiani Forestsof The Western Himalayas, Pakistan, Waqas Khan, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Habib Ahmad, Aamir Shakeel, Sue Page Jan 2017

Ecological Gradient Analyses Of Plant Associations In The Thandiani Forestsof The Western Himalayas, Pakistan, Waqas Khan, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Habib Ahmad, Aamir Shakeel, Sue Page

Turkish Journal of Botany

In the summers of 2012 and 2013, vegetation of Thandiani in the Western Himalayas of Pakistan was surveyed and quantified. We took evidence from relationships between 252 species and 11 measured environmental factors as well as changes in the associations' structure among 50 analysed stations with 1500 m2 plots. We analysed how the plant associations differ and develop under the influence of their respective ecological gradients. Preliminary results showed that the family Pinaceae was the most abundant family with a family importance value (FIV) of 1892.4, followed by Rosaceae with FIV = 1478.2. Rosaceae, represented by 20 species, was the …

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A New Bryophyte Community And Three New Records For The Epiphytic Bryophyte Vegetation Of Turkey, Mevlüt Alataş, Güray Uyar Jan 2017

A New Bryophyte Community And Three New Records For The Epiphytic Bryophyte Vegetation Of Turkey, Mevlüt Alataş, Güray Uyar

Turkish Journal of Botany

Based on 38 relevés, the Lewinskyetum affinis ass. nov. (Ulotion crispae alliance) was described and characterized as a new epiphytic association from the Abant Mountains (Northwest Turkey). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about three epiphytic bryophyte associations, namely Dicranetum taurici, Pterigynandretum filiformis, and Orthotricho straminei-Pterigynandretum filiformis, in Turkey. In addition, multivariate analysis techniques such as two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended correspondence analysis (DECORANA) were used to examine epiphytic bryophyte communities for cluster analysis and ordination analysis, respectively.

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Molecular Characterization Of Edible Pea Through Est-Ssr Markers, Mohammad Nisar, Asaf Khan, Syed Fazal Wadood, Aftab Ali̇ Shah, Fati̇h Hanci Jan 2017

Molecular Characterization Of Edible Pea Through Est-Ssr Markers, Mohammad Nisar, Asaf Khan, Syed Fazal Wadood, Aftab Ali̇ Shah, Fati̇h Hanci

Turkish Journal of Botany

The genetic diversity among 23 newly developed homosegregate pea lines (Pisum sativum L.) was assessed with a total of 13 expressed sequence tag (EST) based-simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The percentages of amplified and nonamplified primers were 92% and 8%, respectively, and 58.33% of the used primers gave the PCR product within the reported size range while 41.66% of primers gave a different product size. Polymorphism information content (PIC), major allele frequency, and variation in genetic diversity were calculated. The PIC ranged from 0.32 to 0.63 with an average of 0.50. Major allele frequency ranged from 0.48 to 0.78 with …

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Assessment Of Genetic Diversity Of Rose Genotypes Using Issr Markers, Ti̇jen Oğraş, Evren Koban Baştanlar, Özge Karakaş Meti̇n, İrfan Kandemi̇r, Hasan Özçeli̇k Jan 2017

Assessment Of Genetic Diversity Of Rose Genotypes Using Issr Markers, Ti̇jen Oğraş, Evren Koban Baştanlar, Özge Karakaş Meti̇n, İrfan Kandemi̇r, Hasan Özçeli̇k

Turkish Journal of Botany

The genus Rosa L. (Rosaceae) is an important ornamental crop with a high economic value in floriculture, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Turkey is an important country in rose cultivation with unique species and cultivars, especially for rose oil production. Breeding programs of different rose genotypes are crucial for the development of new commercial varieties. In this study, genetic relationships among the old rose cultivars locally grown in Isparta were assessed by DNA fingerprinting. Inter-simple sequence repeats markers (ISSRs) were used to investigate the genetic diversity among nineteen locally grown rose genotypes. Nineteen ISSR primers yielded a total of 413 scorable …

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A New Species Of Micromeria (Lamiaceae) From Köyceğiz (Muğla, Southwest Of Turkey), Hayri̇ Duman, Tuncay Di̇rmenci̇ Jan 2017

A New Species Of Micromeria (Lamiaceae) From Köyceğiz (Muğla, Southwest Of Turkey), Hayri̇ Duman, Tuncay Di̇rmenci̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

A new species, Micromeria aybalae H.Duman & Dirmenci (Lamiaceae), Micromeria Benth. sect. Micromeria, is described from Muğla Province in southwestern Turkey. A description, taxonomic note, distribution map, habitat, and nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL-F based phylogeny are presented. The differences between the new species and its allies, Micromeria cremnophila Boiss. & Heldr. s.l. and M. hispida Benth., are discussed, and an identification key is provided for the Turkish Micromeria.

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Taxonomy Of Poa Jubata And A New Section Of The Genus (Poaceae), Evren Cabi̇, Robert John Soreng, Lynn Gillespie Jan 2017

Taxonomy Of Poa Jubata And A New Section Of The Genus (Poaceae), Evren Cabi̇, Robert John Soreng, Lynn Gillespie

Turkish Journal of Botany

Poa jubata A.Kern. is an ephemeral, southeastern European species of which little is known. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of Poa L., including all previously identified major lineages, shows this species to be isolated, with a genotype here designated as J (plastid) j (nrDNA). It is assigned to the monotypic P. sect. Jubatae sect. nov. The section is differentiated from other Poa sections in having 5-nerved upper glumes, very narrow palea flanges, an annual habit, and erect solitary culms. Poa jubata occurs along coastal regions of the Balkans and is rather rare. Two new collections were made in 2015 in Thrace, …

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Evaluating The Utility Of Rbcl In Identifying Nigerian Speciesof The Genus Afzelia Sm. (Fabaceae; Caesalpinioideae), Aramide Oshingboye, George Nodza, Temitope Onuminya, Oluwatoyin Ogundipe Jan 2017

Evaluating The Utility Of Rbcl In Identifying Nigerian Speciesof The Genus Afzelia Sm. (Fabaceae; Caesalpinioideae), Aramide Oshingboye, George Nodza, Temitope Onuminya, Oluwatoyin Ogundipe

Turkish Journal of Botany

The genus Afzelia Sm. (Fabaceae) represents one of the most useful tree species in tropical Africa. These trees have huge socioeconomic and ecological importance, but are under serious threat from incessant exploitation. This has caused a decline of the species in the wild; several species are now registered as threatened and endangered in the IUCN red list. However, conserving this species for posterity has been hampered by the complexity of morphological characters that exist among Afzelia species. In our study, we evaluated the utility of rbcL as a single barcode region, exploring its performance to accurately identify Nigerian Afzelia species …

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A Taxonomic Study Of The Silene Sections Behenantha And Dichotomae (Caryophyllaceae) In Turkey Based On The Micromorphology Of Their Seed And Pollen, Mehmet Kuh, Kemal Yildiz, Ersi̇n Mi̇nareci̇ Jan 2017

A Taxonomic Study Of The Silene Sections Behenantha And Dichotomae (Caryophyllaceae) In Turkey Based On The Micromorphology Of Their Seed And Pollen, Mehmet Kuh, Kemal Yildiz, Ersi̇n Mi̇nareci̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

The seed and pollen grain micromorphologies of 10 taxa of the Silene sections Behenantha and Dichotomae (Caryophyllaceae) were analyzed in this study. Although the seeds of the analyzed taxa were generally reniform, S. tenuiflora and S. koycegizensis from the section Behenantha were clearly distinct from other taxa, while subspecies of S. dichotoma and S. euxina in the section Dichotomae showed differences. Pollen grains are periporate and spheroidal and ornamentation is generally spinulate-microperforate in all taxa. However, ornamentation is spinulate in S. euxina and semireticulate in S. koycegizensis. While the exine structure is generally tectate, it is semitectate in S. koycegizensis. …

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Habitat Factors Influencing The Competitive Ability Of Calamagrostis Epigejos (L.) Roth In Mountain Plant Communities, Daniel Pruchniewicz, Ludwik Zolnierz, Vlatko Andonovski Jan 2017

Habitat Factors Influencing The Competitive Ability Of Calamagrostis Epigejos (L.) Roth In Mountain Plant Communities, Daniel Pruchniewicz, Ludwik Zolnierz, Vlatko Andonovski

Turkish Journal of Botany

The aim of this study was to assess how the expansion of Calamagrostis epigejos influences the species composition and diversity of forest, clearing, and meadow communities as well as how habitat factors influence biometric variability and features determining the potential of Calamagrostis epigejos for expansion in the studied communities. The study was conducted in the central part of the Sudetes Mountains (SW Poland). Four types of communities with C. epigejos occurrence were chosen: a beech forest (Luzulo luzuloidis-Fagetum), a Norway spruce monoculture, a clearing community belonging to the Epilobietea angustifolii class, and a mesic mountain meadow of the Arrhenatheretalia order. …

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Peucedanum Guvenianum (Apiaceae), A New Species From West Anatolia, Turkey, Hasan Yildirim, Hayri̇ Duman Jan 2017

Peucedanum Guvenianum (Apiaceae), A New Species From West Anatolia, Turkey, Hasan Yildirim, Hayri̇ Duman

Turkish Journal of Botany

Peucedanum guvenianum Yıldırım & H.Duman is described as a species new to science. It is endemic to the West Anatolia region of Turkey. It is known from a single locality in İzmir Province. P. guvenianum shows similarities to P. longifolium, P. ruthenicum, and P. vourinense. Diagnostic morphological characters are discussed and compared with those of closely related taxa. It is easily distinguished from related species especially by its stem 130-220 cm tall, distinctly striate, densely branched from below the middle to upper part; basal leaves 28-40 cm long and 20-70 cm wide; bracts linear-lanceolate and erect; petals emarginate at apex; …

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Syntaxonomical Analysis Of The Riparian Vegetation Of The Porsuk River (Eskişehir-Kütahya/Turkey), Ebru Özdeni̇z, Lati̇f Kurt, Erwin Bergmeier Jan 2017

Syntaxonomical Analysis Of The Riparian Vegetation Of The Porsuk River (Eskişehir-Kütahya/Turkey), Ebru Özdeni̇z, Lati̇f Kurt, Erwin Bergmeier

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study is about the classification and syntaxonomic allocation of the riparian vegetation of the Porsuk River (Eskişehir-Kütahya, western part of Central Anatolia). The Porsuk is part of the Sakarya River basin and is the longest tributary of the Sakarya River. The data were collected using the phytosociological method of Braun-Blanquet and analyzed using TWINSPAN classification and NMDS ordination. Ten syntaxa were identified, all of which are more or less widespread in the nemoral and meridional zone. The woody alluvial vegetation of the study area comprises the associations Salicetum albae, Populetum albae, and Elymo-Rubetum caesii. The riparian reed bed vegetation …

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Transgenic Basmati Rice Transformed With The Xa21 Gene Shows Resistance Against Bacterial Leaf Blight, Zahid Mukhtar, Shahida Hasnain Jan 2017

Transgenic Basmati Rice Transformed With The Xa21 Gene Shows Resistance Against Bacterial Leaf Blight, Zahid Mukhtar, Shahida Hasnain

Turkish Journal of Botany

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Super Basmati was transformed with a cloned gene, Xa21, through particle bombardment method. Twenty-two plants were recovered from the selected calli. Initial screening through PCR confirmed the presence of the transgene in 21 plants. Southern analysis further confirmed the integration of the Xa21 gene into the genome of these transgenic plants. Analysis of the T1 generation revealed that both the hpt and Xa21 genes were successfully transmitted from the primary transformants to the progeny. Bioassays with two local isolates of bacterial leaf blight pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), showed that 14 transgenic lines were …

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An Ethnobotanical Survey In Selected Districts Of The Black Sea Region (Turkey), Emi̇ne Burcu Yeşi̇lyurt, Işil Şi̇mşek, Gali̇p Akaydin, Erdem Yeşi̇lada Jan 2017

An Ethnobotanical Survey In Selected Districts Of The Black Sea Region (Turkey), Emi̇ne Burcu Yeşi̇lyurt, Işil Şi̇mşek, Gali̇p Akaydin, Erdem Yeşi̇lada

Turkish Journal of Botany

The current study was carried out in selected districts of the Black Sea region of Turkey, in Trabzon (center), Çorum (İskilip town), Karabük (Yenice town), Amasya (Kapıkaya village), and Amasya (Belmebük village) in order to document the wild plants used by the local inhabitants, i.e. as a remedy or foodstuff or for other purposes. The data were collected from 352 individuals residing in these districts and volunteering to participate in the research through face-to-face interviewing. Depending on the data collected, the parts of the plants used, the purpose in using them, and the ways of preparation (simply cooking or decoction, …

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Pollen Morphology Of Asian Vigna Species (Genus Vigna; Subgenus Ceratotropis) From India And Its Taxonomic Implications, Suraj Dhanyakumar Umdale, Makarand Mohanrao Aitawade, Nikhil Babruan Gaikwad, Latha Madhavan, Shrirang Ramchandra Yadav, Satyawada Rama Rao, Kangila Venkataraman Bhat Jan 2017

Pollen Morphology Of Asian Vigna Species (Genus Vigna; Subgenus Ceratotropis) From India And Its Taxonomic Implications, Suraj Dhanyakumar Umdale, Makarand Mohanrao Aitawade, Nikhil Babruan Gaikwad, Latha Madhavan, Shrirang Ramchandra Yadav, Satyawada Rama Rao, Kangila Venkataraman Bhat

Turkish Journal of Botany

The pollen morphology of 22 Asian Vigna [subgenus Ceratotropis (Piper) Verdc.] species, including wild and cultivated taxa from India, was investigated with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate statistics. The pollen grains are prolate spheroidal in shape with equatorial diameter of 36.06-116.33 μm and polar diameter of 36.31-120.96 μm in equatorial view. The small pollen dimensions were observed in Vigna hainiana, V. trilobata, and V. indica and the largest in V. vexillata. The pollen grains have reticulate-homobrochate and reticulate-heterobrochate types of pollen sculpture. The lumina are psilate or granulate with …

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Studies On The Floral Anatomy And Scent Chemistry Of Titan Arum(Amorphophallus Titanum, Araceae), Vijayasankar Raman, Nurhayat Tabanca, Betül Demi̇rci̇, Ikhlas Khan Jan 2017

Studies On The Floral Anatomy And Scent Chemistry Of Titan Arum(Amorphophallus Titanum, Araceae), Vijayasankar Raman, Nurhayat Tabanca, Betül Demi̇rci̇, Ikhlas Khan

Turkish Journal of Botany

Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. ex Arcang., the titan arum, is popularly known for having the world's largest unbranched inflorescence. The enormous flower-like inflorescence is also called 'corpse flower' or 'carrion flower' due to the characteristic putrid odor of the bloom. The present study illustrates detailed anatomy and micromorphology of the inflorescence by light and scanning electron microscopy. Collenchyma was found to be the major tissue providing mechanical support in the spathe. The appendix consisted of a dense parenchymatous cortex enclosing a hollow center traversed by loose networks of aerenchyma. Anthocyanin pigments found in the epidermises and cortical tissues imparted a …

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Systematic Studies On The Zygophyllaceae Of Saudi Arabia: New Combinationsin Tetraena Maxim., Dhafer Alzahrani, Enas Albokhari Jan 2017

Systematic Studies On The Zygophyllaceae Of Saudi Arabia: New Combinationsin Tetraena Maxim., Dhafer Alzahrani, Enas Albokhari

Turkish Journal of Botany

During 2013 and 2014, fresh material of Tetraena hamiensis (Schweinf.) Beier & Thulin was collected from four different localities in Saudi Arabia. Some morphological differences, especially in leaf, flower parts, and fruit characters, were observed among individuals of this species within the same location. Principal coordinates analysis and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic algorithm clustering test split off individuals of T. hamiensis with these morphological varieties as three clusters; one comprises individuals with characters overlapping those of T. hamiensis, one comprises individuals with characters overlapping those of T. qatarensis, and one comprises individuals with characters overlapping those of …

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Anthostomelloides Krabiensis Gen. Et Sp. Nov. (Xylariaceae) From Pandanus Odorifer (Pandanaceae), Saowaluck Tibpromma, Dinushani Anupama Daranagama, Saranyaphat Boonmee, Itthayakorn Promputtha, Sureeporn Nontachaiyapoom, Kevin David Hyde Jan 2017

Anthostomelloides Krabiensis Gen. Et Sp. Nov. (Xylariaceae) From Pandanus Odorifer (Pandanaceae), Saowaluck Tibpromma, Dinushani Anupama Daranagama, Saranyaphat Boonmee, Itthayakorn Promputtha, Sureeporn Nontachaiyapoom, Kevin David Hyde

Turkish Journal of Botany

An Anthostomella-like taxon was obtained from Pandanus odorifer (Forssk.) Kuntze (Pandanaceae) collected in Krabi Province in Thailand. Morphological data plus phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, RPB2, and β-tubulin sequence data clearly separate this Anthostomella-like taxon from other known genera in Xylariaceae. In this paper, we introduce this taxon as a new genus, Anthostomelloides, in the family Xylariaceae, with A. krabiensis as the type. A detailed morphological description, phylogenetic tree, photomicrographs of A. krabiensis, keys to Anthostomella-like genera, and a comparison of A. krabiensis with the morphologically similar taxa in Xylariaceae are provided.

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Pollen Viability And Meiotic Abnormalities In Brome Grasses(Bromus L., Section Ceratochloa) From Argentina, Gabriela Leofanti, Elsa Lucila Camadro Jan 2017

Pollen Viability And Meiotic Abnormalities In Brome Grasses(Bromus L., Section Ceratochloa) From Argentina, Gabriela Leofanti, Elsa Lucila Camadro

Turkish Journal of Botany

Bromus Section Ceratochloa includes temperate forage species. South American species form a morphologically very variable hexaploid complex (2n = 6x = 42), with a controversial taxonomic classification. Reproductive biology has been studied in several of them, but the number of analyzed plants has seldom been reported. Further investigations might clarify breeding relations and the adequacy of current classifications. Pollen viability and size, which can provide evidence of spontaneous hybridization, were studied in seven accessions (six plants/accession) classified as B. catharticus var. catharticus, var. elata, and var. rupestris; B. parodii; B. bonariensis; B. lithobius; and B. coloratus. Variability was detected among …

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A Novel Phytoene Synthase Paralog From Halophytic Salicorniaconfers Salinity Tolerance In Plants, Nazia Rehman, Muhammad Ramzan Khan, Ghulam Muhammad Ali Jan 2017

A Novel Phytoene Synthase Paralog From Halophytic Salicorniaconfers Salinity Tolerance In Plants, Nazia Rehman, Muhammad Ramzan Khan, Ghulam Muhammad Ali

Turkish Journal of Botany

Salicornia seems to be a suitable euhalophyte for the study of salt stress resilience mechanism and exploitation of salinity-tolerant genes for crop yield improvement. In this study, we cloned a novel SePSY1 gene from an extremely salt-tolerant glycophyte, Salicornia europaea. The sequence analysis revealed that the newly isolated gene is a paralog of PSY, suggesting a gene duplication event in Salicornia. The newly isolated gene encodes a protein of 419 amino acids. The C-terminus containing a Trans-IPPS-H domain with catalytic and binding regions exhibits considerable conservation in various species, while the N-terminus remained divergent. The structural analysis suggested a catalytic …

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Alopecurus Goekyigitiana (Poaceae, Subtribe Alopecurinae Sensu Stricto),A New Species From Turkey Based On Morphological And Molecular Investigation, Evren Cabi̇, Robert J. Soreng, Lynn Gillespie, Ekaterina Boudko Jan 2017

Alopecurus Goekyigitiana (Poaceae, Subtribe Alopecurinae Sensu Stricto),A New Species From Turkey Based On Morphological And Molecular Investigation, Evren Cabi̇, Robert J. Soreng, Lynn Gillespie, Ekaterina Boudko

Turkish Journal of Botany

Alopecurus goekyigitiana, a new species from the Taurus Mountains of Turkey, is described and illustrated. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data support its relationship within Alopecurus sect. Colobachne with A. gerardi (plastid), or with the complex of A. davisii, A. lanatus, and A. vaginatus (nuclear ribosomal spacers). The new species differs from the above taxa by various combinations of characters, in having slender rhizomes and a mat-forming habit, indumentum of lower sheaths sparsely sericeous, glabrescent, culm leaf blades absent or vestigial, basal blades filiform, a dorsal awn on the lemma that is vestigial or up to 2 mm long, erect …

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Two New Rhodocybe Species (Sect. Rufobrunnea, Entolomataceae)From The East Black Sea Coast Of Turkey, Ertuğrul Sesli̇, Alfredo Vizzini Jan 2017

Two New Rhodocybe Species (Sect. Rufobrunnea, Entolomataceae)From The East Black Sea Coast Of Turkey, Ertuğrul Sesli̇, Alfredo Vizzini

Turkish Journal of Botany

Two new species of Rhodocybe, R. asanii and R. asyae (Entolomataceae), are described and illustrated from the East Black Sea coast of Turkey. The new species are known from two different localities in Trabzon Province. Diagnostic morphological and molecular (nrITS and nrLSU sequences) characters between the new species and their allies are compared and discussed. Rhodocybe asanii is easily distinguished from related species by its small, reddish beige, convex to plate, or irregular, fragile pileus; adnexed to sinuate lamellae; a pruinose stipe; small basidiospores; and unique sequences. Rhodocybe asyae is recognized well by a rather small, thin, salmon pink, smooth, …

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Diversity Of Mosses In Phu Kradueng National Park, Loei Province, Patsakorn Ajintaiyasil Jan 2017

Diversity Of Mosses In Phu Kradueng National Park, Loei Province, Patsakorn Ajintaiyasil

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The study of mosses diversity in Phu Kradueng National Park, Loei Province was explored from December 2014 to December 2016. The samples were collected along the 6 natural trails. A total of 501 samples were identified into 30 families, 55 genera, 100 species, 5 subspecies, and 9 varieties. Three families of mosses namely Sphagnaceae, Fissidentaceae, and Leucobryaceae were common families which included 11, 9 and 7 taxa, respectively. Additionally, the most common microhabitat was saxicolous with 45 species. The second and third common microhabitats were terrestrial and corticolous with 43 and 37 species, respectively. Additionally, there are 4 species which …

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ผลของ 1-เมทิลไซโคลโพรพีนต่อการตอบสนองทางสรีรวิทยาและการเสื่อมตามอายุของกล้วยไม้สกุลหวาย ‘มะลิไวท์’ ที่กลุ่มเรณูได้รับความเสียหาย, ชวิศา สุขพิทักษ์ Jan 2017

ผลของ 1-เมทิลไซโคลโพรพีนต่อการตอบสนองทางสรีรวิทยาและการเสื่อมตามอายุของกล้วยไม้สกุลหวาย ‘มะลิไวท์’ ที่กลุ่มเรณูได้รับความเสียหาย, ชวิศา สุขพิทักษ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การเสื่อมตามอายุอย่างรวดเร็วของดอกไม้เนื่องจากเอทิลีนนับเป็นปัญหาหลักในอุตสาหกรรมไม้ตัดดอก นอกจากนี้ การหลุดร่วงของกลุ่มเรณูและฝาปิดในขณะเก็บเกี่ยวหรือบรรจุเพื่อเตรียมขนส่งสู่ตลาดอาจส่งผลให้เกิดบาดแผลในดอกย่อยของกล้วยไม้ได้ การทดลองรม 1-MCP ความเข้มข้น 0.5 µl/l เป็นเวลา 3 ชั่วโมงแก่ดอกกล้วยไม้สกุลหวาย ‘มะลิไวท์’ พบว่าสามารถยืดอายุการปักแจกันและชะลอการหลุดร่วงของดอกได้ ในขณะที่เอทิลีนกระตุ้นให้เกิดการหลุดร่วงของดอกเพิ่มขึ้น อย่างไรก็ตาม การทดลองนำกลุ่มเรณูและฝาปิดออกจากดอก พบว่าชุดการทดลองที่มีการนำกลุ่มเรณูและฝาปิดออกจากดอกมีอายุการปักแจกันที่ไม่แตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติเมื่อเทียบกับชุดควบคุม ในขณะที่การรม 1-MCP แก่ดอกกล้วยไม้สกุลหวายพันธุ์มะลิไวท์ที่กลุ่มเรณูและฝาปิดถูกนำออกไป พบว่าชุดการทดลองที่รม 1-MCP มีอายุการปักแจกันเพิ่มขึ้น และมีเปอร์เซ็นต์การหลุดร่วงของดอกตูมและดอกบานลดลงเมื่อเทียบกับชุดควบคุม แต่ 1-MCP ไม่มีผลต่อการบานเพิ่มของดอกตูม ผลการศึกษาการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางสรีรวิทยา พบว่าชุดการทดลองที่รม 1-MCP มีเปอร์เซ็นต์การรั่วไหลของประจุและกิจกรรมของเอนไซม์ protease และเอนไซม์ lipoxygenase ลดลง อย่างไรก็ตาม 1-MCP ไม่มีผลต่อการเปลี่ยนสีของกลีบดอกในกล้วยไม้สกุลหวาย ‘มะลิไวท์’ โดยสารประกอบฟีนอลทั้งหมด กิจกรรมของเอนไซม์ polyphenol oxidase และ phenylalanine ammonialyase ไม่แตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติเมื่อเทียบกับชุดที่ไม่ได้รม 1-MCP ดังนั้น การศึกษาครั้งนี้แสดงให้เห็นว่า 1-MCP สามารถชะลอการเสื่อมตามอายุของดอกกล้วยไม้สกุลหวาย ‘มะลิไวท์’ ได้โดยชะลออาการเสื่อมตามอายุและการสลายตัวของโปรตีนและไขมัน

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การคัดแยก Beauveria Bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin ไอโซเลทที่รอดชีวิตในภาวะอุณหภูมิสูงซึ่งสามารถควบคุมเพลี้ยกระโดดสีน้ำตาล Nilaparvata Lugens (St?L), ญาณิศา วงศ์วานิช Jan 2017

การคัดแยก Beauveria Bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin ไอโซเลทที่รอดชีวิตในภาวะอุณหภูมิสูงซึ่งสามารถควบคุมเพลี้ยกระโดดสีน้ำตาล Nilaparvata Lugens (St?L), ญาณิศา วงศ์วานิช

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Beauveria bassiana เป็นราที่ใช้ในการควบคุมแมลงอย่างแพร่หลาย อย่างไรก็ตาม เมื่ออุณหภูมิเพิ่มสูงขึ้นจะส่งผลให้ความสามารถในการควบคุมแมลงของราลดลง การคัดแยก B. bassiana ที่มีความสามารถในการเจริญได้ในที่อุณหภูมิสูงและมีความสามารถในการควบคุมแมลงที่อุณหภูมิที่สูงกว่าอุณหภูมิที่เหมาะสมต่อการเจริญเติบโตของรา เป็นอีกหนทางหนึ่งในการเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพในการควบคุมเพลี้ยกระโดดสีน้ำตาลที่อุณหภูมิสูง B. bassiana จำนวน 3 ไอโซเลท ที่มีความสามารถในการควบคุมแมลงสูง ได้รับความอนุเคราะห์จากกรมการข้าว ถูกเลือกมาชักนำให้เกิดการกลายพันธุ์ด้วยสาร ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) จากนั้นนำมาคัดแยกที่อุณหภูมิ 31 33 และ 35°C พร้อมกับศึกษาความสามารถในการฟื้นฟูของราหลังจากที่ผ่านอุณหภูมิ 33°C เป็นระยะเวลา 7 วัน จากนั้นย้ายไปบ่มที่ 25°C ดูประสิทธิภาพการงอกของสปอร์ที่ 25°C (หลังจากบ่มที่ 33°C เป็นระยะเวลา 5 10 และ 15 วัน) และนำเชื้อสายพันธุ์กลายที่ได้ไปทดสอบความสามารถในการควบคุมเพลี้ยกระโดดสีน้ำตาล จากผลการศึกษาพบไอโซเลท B. bassiana สายพันธุ์กลาย 1 ไอโซเลท ที่มีขนาดโคโลนีที่ใหญ่กว่า และสร้างสปอร์ที่มากกว่าราต้นแบบ ที่อุณหภูมิ 33°C ซึ่งเป็นอุณหภูมิที่สูงที่สุด เนื่องจากที่อุณหภูมิ 35°C ไม่พบการเจริญเติบโตของราในทุกไอโซเลท ผลทดสอบการฟื้นฟูของรา พบราสายพันธุ์กลายมีขนาดโคโลนีและปริมาณสปอร์ที่มากกว่าราต้นแบบ ผลการทดสอบการงอกของสปอร์ที่อุณหภูมิ 33°C ไม่พบการงอกของสปอร์ราทั้งไอโซเลทสายพันธุ์กลายและต้นแบบ แต่เมื่อย้ายสปอร์ไปเลี้ยงที่ 25°C (หลังจากการเลี้ยงที่ 33°C) ไอโซเลทสายพันธุ์กลายมีเปอร์เซ็นต์การงอกที่มากกว่าราต้นแบบในทุกชุดการทดลอง และความสามารถในการควบคุมเพลี้ยกระโดดสีน้ำตาล Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) ของราสายพันธุ์กลายมีค่ามากกว่าราต้นแบบ

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Diversity And Evolution Of Fruits In Cuscuta (Dodders; Convolvulaceae), Anna Ho Jan 2017

Diversity And Evolution Of Fruits In Cuscuta (Dodders; Convolvulaceae), Anna Ho

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Cuscuta (dodder) is a genus of roughly 200 species of obligate stem parasites with sub-cosmopolitan distribution. The fruit, generally regarded as a capsule, has a thin pericarp containing one to four seeds and opening at the base (circumscissile dehiscence; DE), or remaining closed (indehiscent; IN). IN has evolved multiple times in Cuscuta from DE, and is most common in the North American clades of subgenus Grammica. In addition, some species produce fruits that open irregularly. Characteristics pertaining to the fruits of Cuscuta are important as their seeds contribute most to their distribution and prevalence across the globe, and their reduced …

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An Assessment Of How Plant And Mycorrhizal Communities Have Been Affected Along A Mine-Impacted Watershed In The Northwest Territories, Kevin Maccoll Jan 2017

An Assessment Of How Plant And Mycorrhizal Communities Have Been Affected Along A Mine-Impacted Watershed In The Northwest Territories, Kevin Maccoll

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Giant Mine is an inactive gold mine located nine kilometers north of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories. Giant Mine has been the source of arsenic trioxide for the Baker Creek watershed since it opened over 60 years ago. Although arsenic levels in the creek are above the limits considered to be biologically relevant, there is no concrete evidence that plants and mycorrhizae have actually been affected. This study provides an initial assessment of the impacts mining activity at Giant Mine has had on plants and mycorrhizae in the Baker Creek watershed. Nine sites were sampled around Giant Mine: five sites downstream from …

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Influence Of Topography And Moisture And Nutrient Availability On Green Alder Function On The Low Arctic Tundra, Nt, Katherine Louise Black Ms., Jennifer Lynn Baltzer Dr. Jan 2017

Influence Of Topography And Moisture And Nutrient Availability On Green Alder Function On The Low Arctic Tundra, Nt, Katherine Louise Black Ms., Jennifer Lynn Baltzer Dr.

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The Arctic has warmed by at least 3°C over the past 50 years and this rapid warming is expected to continue. Climate warming is driving the proliferation of shrubs across the tundra biome with implications for energy balance, climate, hydrology, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity. Changes in tundra plant water use attributable to shrub expansion are predicted to increase evapotranspirative water loss which may amplify local warming and reduce run-off. However, little is known about the extent to which shrubs will enhance evapotranspirative water loss in these systems. Direct measures of shrub water use are needed to accurately predict …

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Can Sub-Saharan Africa Feed Itself?, Martin K. Van Ittersum, Lenny G. J. Van Bussel, Joost Wolf, Patricio Grassini, Justin Van Wart, Nicolas Guilpart, Lieven Claessens, Hugo De Groot, Keith Wiebe, Daniel Mason-D'Croz, Haishun Yang, Hendrik Boogard, Pepijn A. J. Van Oort, Marloes P. Van Loon, Kazuki Saito, Ochieng Adimo, Samuel Adjei-Nsiah, Alhassane Agali, Abdullahi Bala, Regis Chikowo, Kayuki Kaizzi, Mamoutou Kouressy, Joachim H. J. R. Makoi, Korodjouma Ouattara, Kindie Tesfaye, Kenneth G. Cassman Dec 2016

Can Sub-Saharan Africa Feed Itself?, Martin K. Van Ittersum, Lenny G. J. Van Bussel, Joost Wolf, Patricio Grassini, Justin Van Wart, Nicolas Guilpart, Lieven Claessens, Hugo De Groot, Keith Wiebe, Daniel Mason-D'Croz, Haishun Yang, Hendrik Boogard, Pepijn A. J. Van Oort, Marloes P. Van Loon, Kazuki Saito, Ochieng Adimo, Samuel Adjei-Nsiah, Alhassane Agali, Abdullahi Bala, Regis Chikowo, Kayuki Kaizzi, Mamoutou Kouressy, Joachim H. J. R. Makoi, Korodjouma Ouattara, Kindie Tesfaye, Kenneth G. Cassman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Although global food demand is expected to increase 60% by 2050 compared with 2005/2007, the rise will be much greater in sub- Saharan Africa (SSA). Indeed, SSA is the region at greatest food security risk because by 2050 its population will increase 2.5-fold and demand for cereals approximately triple, whereas current levels of cereal consumption already depend on substantial imports. At issue is whether SSA can meet this vast increase in cereal demand without greater reliance on cereal imports or major expansion of agricultural area and associated biodiversity loss and greenhouse gas emissions. Recent studies indicate that the global increase …

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