Botany Commons^™

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 21 2020, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Pacvr: Plastome Assembly Coverage Visualization In R, Michael Gruenstaeudl, Nils Jenke

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Plastid genomes typically display a circular, quadripartite structure with two inverted repeat regions, which challenges automatic assembly procedures. The correct assembly of plastid genomes is a prerequisite for the validity of subsequent analyses on genome structure and evolution. The average coverage depth of a genome assembly is often used as an indicator of assembly quality. Visualizing coverage depth across a draft genome is a critical step, which allows users to inspect the quality of the assembly and, where applicable, identify regions of reduced assembly confidence. Despite the interplay between genome structure and assembly quality, no contemporary, user-friendly software tool can …

Trichome Micromorphology And Its Significance In The Systematics Of Convolvulus L. (Convolvulaceae), Elham Roudi, Hamed Khodayari, Valiollah Mozaffarian, Shahin Zarre

Turkish Journal of Botany

Trichomes of 35 species of the genus Convolovulus and one species of the genus Calystegia (C. sepium) were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. The trichomes show a great variation, which provides valuable data for sections and species delimitation in Convolvulus. Trichomes of Convolvulus are nonglandular, simple, and basifixed or rarely asymmetrically medifixed. Characters of taxonomic interest were the degree of curviness (straight to spiral), orientation relative to the epidermal surface (appressed to erect), and presence of papillae on trichome surface. The trichomes are divided into two basic types: cylindrical and flattened ribbon-like. Our data provide the additional evidence …

Defensive Manoeuvres Of Nhx1 And Sos1 Co/Overexpression In Plant Salt Tolerance, Necla Pehli̇van Gedi̇k, Li Sun, Neelam Mishra

Turkish Journal of Botany

Excessive accumulation of salts is one of the most important factors affecting the production quality of plants. The difficulty to develop salt stress tolerant crops has prevented the security of the global food system. The classical crop breeding approach that uses random mutagenesis/recombination is time-consuming in the face of an ever-increasing human population and extreme weather pattern shifts. Today, technologies introducing foreign genetic material into plants have the best potential to assist in crop breeding improvement due to its high efficiency, accuracy, low risk of off-target effects, and minimal labour compared to classical methods. The notion of Na+/H+ antiporters in …

Molecular Cloning And Enzymatic Characteristics Of Chalcone Isomerase From Rheum Palmatum, Xiaowei Huo, Gang Zhang, Mengmeng Liu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Rheum palmatum has been widely developed in traditional Chinese medicine. One of the major active compounds in R. palmatum is flavonoids. Until now, few genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis have been isolated from this medicinal plant. In this study, a new chalcone isomerase gene (RpCHI) was cloned from an RNA-seq library of R. palmatum. The 714bp RpCHI cDNA was cloned and sequenced. The RpCHI recombinant protein was successfully overexpressed in a prokaryotic expression system and purified to homogeneity by a nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) prepacked column, and the enzymatic activity was investigated. The results have clarified that RpCHI was assembled into …

Relation Between Soil Salinity And Species Composition Of Halophytic Plant Communities: A Baseline Data Inventory For Wetland Monitoring, Kemal Tulühan Yilmaz, Erhan Akça, Hali̇l Çakan, Yüksel Ünlükaplan, Seli̇m Kapur

Turkish Journal of Botany

Our study sets forth the outcomes of an interdisciplinary project conducted in order to fill the information gap on the management of a wetland ecosystem, in the case of a protected area on the south-eastern coast of Turkey. The hypothesis of the study is that the pattern of species composition reflects soil salinity level and some species can act as relevant indicators. The study aimed to discover a relationship between soil salinity and vegetation composition and establish some indicators useful for monitoring. For this aim, the temporal and spatial changes of soil salinity were monitored and the distribution of coastal …

Effect Of Fungicide Pretreatment On Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Enzyme Systems And Proline Accumulation In Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) Leaves Under High Temperature Stress, Eli̇f Yüzbaşioğlu

Turkish Journal of Botany

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of high temperature stress (HT) and to evaluate the protective role of fungicide pretreatment against HT stress in tomato leaves. The oxidative stress was triggered under HT stress through an increase in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Also, it caused a decline in photosynthetic pigments and enhanced the proline in tomato. However, the activities of catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (POX; EC 1.11.1.7), and glutathione S-transferase (GST; EC.2.5.1.18), as well as ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes (APX, EC 1.11.1.11, DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1, MDHAR EC 1.6.5.4, GR; EC …

Factors Associated With Larval Freshwater Drum Annual Peak Density In A Nebraska Irrigation Reservoir, Brett T. Miller, Brian C. Peterson, Keith D. Koupal, Casey W. Schoenebeck

The Prairie Naturalist

Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) represent one of the most widely distributed fish species in North America. Identifying biotic and abiotic factors that influence larval freshwater drum densities can improve understanding of early life history. Our objective was to investigate correlations between annual peak density of larval freshwater drum and combinations of five variables (chlorophyll a, growing degree days [GDD], reservoir discharge, turbidity, and cladoceran density) from a longterm (2003–2017) monitoring program in a Nebraska irrigation reservoir. Twenty-eight a priori candidate models were assessed to determine the relative support of explanatory variables associated with annual peak density of larval freshwater drum …

Captive Ring-Necked Pheasant Response To Very High Experimental Doses Of Lead, Travis J. Runia, Alex J. Solem

The Prairie Naturalist

Ingestion of spent lead pellets is a well-documented source of lead exposure in free-ranging birds, although the consequence of lead ingestion varies widely among avian guilds. Ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) appear to be less susceptible to lead poisoning than other game birds. Our objectives were to determine survival, liver lead accumulation, and body mass change of 129 captive-raised pheasants in response to being gavage-fed 5, 10, 20, or 40 lead pellets. All pheasants survived the 21-day experiment. Liver-lead levels were positively correlated with the number of lead pellets retained and negatively correlated with beginning body mass. Change in percent body …

Evaluation Of Four Larval Fish Sampling Methods In A Large Midwestern River, Nathan J. Lederman, Anthony R. Sindt, Douglas J. Dieterman, John D. Krenz, Shannon J. Fisher

The Prairie Naturalist

Understanding limitations of larval fish capture gears is critical for developing appropriate sampling protocols and interpreting catch data. We evaluated genera richness, genera diversity, assemblage similarities, abundance indices (i.e., density or catch per unit effort [CPUE]), and sample size requirements between a surface slednet and glow-stick light traps used in 2014 and 2015 and a benthic slednet and light-emitting diode light (LED) traps used in 2015 in the Minnesota River. The surface slednet captured the greatest number of larval fish genera (15) while the LED light trap captured the fewest (1). Similarities of assemblages sampled was highest between surface and …

Comparing Native Bee Communities On Reconstructed And Remnant Prairie In Missouri, Joseph Larose, Elisabeth B. Webb, Deborah Finke

The Prairie Naturalist

The tallgrass prairie of North America is an imperiled ecosystem that has been the subject of considerable restoration effort and research in the past two decades. While native prairie plant species are purposely introduced during restoration, prairie invertebrates, including native bees (Anthophila), are not and must colonize from surrounding remnants. Prairie restorations may not support the same bee communities as remnant prairies because of habitat differences and dispersal limitations. We sampled native bees on reconstructed and remnant prairies in Missouri in the summers of 2016 and 2017 and compared the communities by evaluating species richness, diversity, and community composition. We …

Greater Prairie-Chickens And Sharp-Tailed Grouse Have Similarly High Nest Survival In The Nebraska Sandhills, Larkin Powell, Walter Schacht, Julia P. Ewald, Kathryn R. Mccollum

The Prairie Naturalist

The ranges of two native galliform species overlap in the Nebraska Sandhills, the largest contiguous grassland in North America. We monitored nests of greater prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus cupido) and sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) in Cherry County, Nebraska, in 2015 and 2016. Our objectives were to 1) compare daily probability of nest survival between species, 2) evaluate vegetation structure at nests for potential effects on nest survival, 3) compare nest site topography between species, and 4) use a simple model of breeding season success to evaluate the potential for stable populations at our study sites. We captured and …

Leaf-Tip Morphology Does Not Support Species Status For The Seagrass Halodule Beaudettei In Florida, Usa, Michael E. Wheeler, Bradley T. Furman, Margaret O. Hall

Gulf and Caribbean Research

No abstract provided.

Dicamba Retention In Commercial Sprayers Following Triple Rinse Cleanout Procedures, And Soybean Response To Contamination Concentrations, Frances B. Browne, Xiao Li, Katilyn J. Price, Jianping Wang, Yi Wang, Greg R. Kruger, Jeff Golus, Gabrielle De Castro Macedo, Bruno C. Vieira, Tyler Sandlin

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The commercial launch of dicamba‐tolerant (DT) crops has resulted in increased dicamba usage and a high number of dicamba off‐target movement complaints on sensitive soybeans (Glycine max L.). Dicamba is a synthetic auxin and low dosages as 0.028 g ae ha−1 can induce injury on sensitive soybean. Tank contamination has been identified as one of the sources for unintended sensitive crop exposure. The labels of new dicamba formulations require a triple rinse cleanout procedure following applications. Cleanout efficacy might vary based on the sprayer type and procedure followed. This study was performed to quantify dicamba retention in commercial sprayers and …

Improving On Modis Mcd64a1 Burned Area Estimates In Grassland Systems: A Case Study In Kansas Flint Hills Tall Grass Prairie, Rheinhardt Scholtz, Jayson Prentice, Yao Tang, Dirac Twidwell

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Uncertainty in satellite-derived burned area estimates are especially high in grassland systems, which are some of the most frequently burned ecosystems in the world. In this study, we compare differences in predicted burned area estimates for a region with the highest fire activity in North America, the Flint Hills of Kansas, USA, using the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) MCD64A1 burned area product and a customization of the MODIS MCD64A1 product using a major ground-truthing effort by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE-MODIS customization). Local-scale ground-truthing and the KDHE-MODIS product suggests MODIS burned area estimates under predicted fire …

Habitat Assessment Of Suitable Areas For Three Rare Plant Species (Layia Carnosa, Erysimum Menziesii, And Gilia Millefoliata) In The Barr Parcel On Friends Of The Dunes Property, Sophia Grubb, Almond Dodge, Jeremy Cashen

Environmental Science & Management Senior Capstones

Native rare plants are an important component of ecosystems. It is critical to preserve these species because it facilitates growth of native plants. Ecological restoration provides the necessary conditions to encourage native plant growth. Gilia millefoliata, Erysimum menziesii, and Layia carnosa are three rare plants found on the Friends of the Dunes property in Arcata, CA. In this assessment, we surveyed these three rare plants and came up with a management plan for the Barr Parcel on the Friends of the Dunes property. Friends of the Dunes recently acquired the Barr Parcel and are waiting for restoration permits …

A Comparison Of Media To Determine Optimal Growth In Aquaponics, Rachel L. Fogle, Andrea Nagy, Allison Bernard, Jordan Brown, Samantha Delvalle-Trinh, James Shuler

Harrisburg University Presidential Research Grants

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Faculty And Managing Editors, Beth Kegley, Gail Halleck

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Letter From Division Of Agriculture Communications, Fred Miller

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Origins Of Secondary Growth – Two Lower Devonian (Emsian) Euphyllophytes From Gaspé, Canada, And Their Implications For The Evolution Of Secondary Growth, Kelly C. Pfeiler

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Secondary growth from a vascular cambium has a deep fossil record among euphyllophytes, with the earliest occurrence dated to 407 Ma. To date, Armoricaphyton and Franhueberia represent the only instances of secondary growth formally documented in the Early Devonian. Secondary growth diversified rapidly and was present in all major euphyllophyte lineages by the Middle Devonian. Here, I describe two new Early Devonian euphyllophytes exhibiting secondary growth, from the Emsian (c. 400-395 Ma) Battery Point Formation (Québec, Canada): Gmujij tetraxylopteroides gen. et sp. nov. and Perplexa praestigians gen et sp. nov. Both these plants possess mesarch actinosteles with Psilophyton-type …

The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary: An Exploration Of Changing The Discourse On Conservation, Arielle Ben-Hur

Pitzer Senior Theses

In 2015, the Northern Chumash Tribal Council submitted a National Marine Sanctuary Nomination to establish the Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary– a means by which to ensure the protection of one of the most culturally and biologically diverse coastlines in the world. On October 5, 2015, John Armor of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) responded to the nomination, adding it to the inventory of areas NOAA may consider in the future for national marine sanctuary designation.

In my thesis, I explore how the nomination of the Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary acts as a platform from which Traditional …

The Origin And Evolution Of Flower Characters In Angiosperms With A Case Study On The Genetic Basis Of Zygomorphic Corolla Development In Bee And Hummingbird Pollinated Species Of Schizanthus (Solanaceae), Ghadeer Bukhari

Theses and Dissertations

This Ph.D. dissertation investigates two main projects separated into two chapters, one for each. The first chapter explores the evolution of flowering plants (angiosperms), a macro-scale study. The second project is on a micro-scale that focus on exploring the genes that regulate the similarities and the differences of flower morphology reflecting their different pollination syndromes in two species of Schizanthus (Solanaceae), i.e., S. pinnatus, a bee-pollinated flower, and S. grahamii, a hummingbird- pollinated flower.

In the first chapter, I used floral diagrams to study the origin and the evolution of floral traits in angiosperms, a new set of morphological data …

Vascular Flora Of Adobe Valley And Surrounding Hills, Mono County, California, Sophie E. Winitsky

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Adobe Valley and the Adobe Hills lie east of the Sierra Nevada in Mono County, California, and are within the Great Basin Floristic Province. The flora of Adobe Valley and the surrounding hills is influenced by the Great Basin Desert to the east, the Sierra Nevada to the west and the northern Mojave Desert to the south. Adobe Valley is surrounded by the Adobe Hills, Benton Range and Glass Mountain region, creating a circular closed basin with many small tributaries feeding into it. This topography contributes to the creation of a rare wetland complex, including alkali meadows, marshes, and lakes …

Exhibition "Louisiana's Natural Treasure: Margaret Stones, Botanical Artist", Leah Wood Jewett, John D. Miles, Christina Riquelmy

Special Collections

In 2020, LSU Libraries Special Collections presented the exhibition “Louisiana’s Natural Treasure: Margaret Stones, Botanical Artist” at Hill Memorial Library, featuring selected original watercolor paintings and archival materials related to the Native Flora of Louisiana project.

A native of Australia, Margaret Stones (1920-2018) achieved an acclaimed international career that spanned three continents. Commissioned by LSU and funded by private donations, more than 200 watercolor drawings of Louisiana plants produced by Stones during the 1970s and 1980s are among the most treasured holdings of LSU Libraries Special Collections.

The Native Flora of Louisiana project was grounded in a long historical tradition …

Reverse Genetic Analysis Of Ehd1 For An Association Between Flowering Time And Seed Dormancy In Rice (Oryza Sativa L.), Yeter Karakoc

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research aimed to understand the evolutionary mechanism of seed dormancy and flowering time and to provide basic knowledge for the manipulation of germination features in crop breeding. Flowering time and seed dormancy are two adaptive traits for flowering plants. Seed dormancy (SD) helps regulate the timing of germination to promote the survival of seed-bearing plants in adverse environments. Cereal crops and weedy/wild relatives, such as Asian cultivated rice and weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.), have weak and strong seed dormancy, respectively. Thus, weedy and cultivated rice has been used as a model system to investigate mechanisms of seed dormancy …

Changes In Phenolic Profile, Soluble Sugar, Proline, And Antioxidant Enzyme Activities Of Polygonum Equisetiforme In Response To Salinity, Faycal Boughalleb, Raoudha Abdellaoui, Maher Mahmoudi, Esmaeil Bakhshandeh

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study intended to focus on the effect of different levels of NaCl (0?400 mM, at regular intervals every 100 mM) on the growth, secondary metabolites, and antioxidant enzyme activities of Polygonum equisetiforme, a wild plant with medicinal and industrial uses, which often grows in harsh environmental conditions. Our results showed that biomass production significantly decreased with salinity, while the leaf relative water content declined only at high levels of NaCl concentration (300?400 mM). In contrast, these higher doses of salt resulted in a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Both proline and soluble sugar (e.g., fructose, glucose, and sucrose) …

Induction Of Pollen Embryo And Chromosome Doubling In Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.), Xiaoliang Lu, Hongqi Wu, Qiang Zhang, Wei Sun, Xin Chen, Xiaoting Wu, Yaofeng Chen

Turkish Journal of Botany

Another culture is an effective breeding method for improving desirable traits, since it allows fast achievement of genetically homozygous lines. The present studies were carried out to evaluate the response of flue-cured tobacco anthers for high frequency pollen embryo induction in different culture media, and the effects of colchicine treatment on tobacco chromosome doubling. The results showed that different media caused significant changes in pollen embryo induction, in which the most obvious change was found in B medium with induction rates of 23.28%, 26.64%, and 28.07% for TMK-12 × Jiyan 5, K326 × Shangkang 70, and NC71 × Jingyehuang, respectively. …

Assessment Of Antioxidant System And Enzyme/Nonenzyme Regulation Related To Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle In Ferulic Acid-Treated Triticum Aestivum L. Roots Under Boron Toxicity, Ceyda Özfi̇dan Konakçi, Evren Yildiztugay, Fevzi̇ Elbasan, Ayşegül Yildiztugay, Mustafa Küçüködük

Turkish Journal of Botany

Ferulic acid (FA; 3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) can eliminate stress-induced damage because of its ability to induce antioxidant activity under stress. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of FA on water status, antioxidant system, and lipid peroxidation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots exposed to boron (B) stress. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture containing the combination or alone form of 25-75 µM FA and 4-8 mM B. Stress significantly decreased growth (RGR), water content (RWC), proline content (Pro), and osmotic potential (YP). However, FA alleviated the decrease in RGR, RWC, and Pro content. Compared to the control …

Acquisition Of Boron Tolerance By Salt Pretreatment In Two Sunflower Cultivars, Yasemi̇n Ekmekçi̇, Şeküre Çulha Erdal, Ayşe Suna Balkan Nalçai̇yi̇, Nuran Çi̇çek

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study was carried out to investigate the ameliorative effects of salt pretreatment against B toxicity in two sunflower cultivars (Helianthus annuus L. `Sanbro? and `Tarsan-1018?) differing in salt tolerance. Seedlings were grown in perlite with modified half-strength Hoagland?s solution for 15 days and then they were divided into two groups: salt-pretreated (75 mM NaCl for 5 days) and B-treated (control, 2, 4, and 8 mM B for 10 days). In both cultivars, the biomass of root and shoot decreased depending on B accumulation, especially at 8 mM. The translocation factor values indicated that B uptaken by roots of the …