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Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Manure Matters, Volume 9, Number 9, Christopher G. Henry, Mike Reynolds

Manure Matters (newsletter)

Low Water Stream Crossings for Cattle (LWSC)

Livestock access to streams, specifically, cattle access to streams in pastures has become of concern in the development of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). There is very little information available to planners on the contribution of nitrogen, ammonia, phosphorus, and human health-related microorganisms to stream segments from rangeland cattle. A common modeling solution in the development of TMDLs is to exclude livestock from streams in order to reduce nutrient loads. Although this approach seems simplistic, it is problematic for owners and managers of rangeland livestock.
Many producers are now choosing to supply water …

Manure Matters, Volume 9, Number 8, Laura Hillenbrand

Manure Matters (newsletter)

Excerpt from Seabiscuit

The halcyon days at the Tijuana track came to a spectacular end. On the backstretch early each morning men guided teams of horses on circuits of the barns, shoveling the mucked-out manure into wagons and driving the teams up the hill behind the backstretch, where they would dump it. The pile had been accumulating since 1917, and because the city received little rain to wash it down, it was enormous. “Oh my gosh.” Remembered trainer Jimmy Jones. “ It was as big as the grandstand.” Inside its depths, the manure fermented, generating scalding heat.
To the locals, …

Manure Matters, Volume 9, Number 7, Christopher G. Henry

Manure Matters (newsletter)

Land Application Setback and Buffer Requirements for NPDES Permitted Large CAFOs

Large Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO) owners/operators are required to implement setbacks, buffers, or an alternative conservation practice on all fields to which manure is applied. This newsletter discusses the federal rules and some guidance on how the rule may be applied to land application sites. The setbacks and buffer requirements apply to large CAFOs only. Most states are authorized to implement the CAFO program and may have additional, more stringent requirements. Check with your state permitting authority to determine the requirements that apply to your operation.

Manure Matters, Volume 9, Number 6, Ron Sheffield, Juli Paschold

Manure Matters (newsletter)

The New CAFO Rules: What is Required in a Nutrient Management Plan?

As a part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO) Final Rule, all CAFO owners are required to apply for a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. Part of the process includes developing and implementing a Nutrient Management Plan (NMP). At a minimum, an NMP must include Best Management Practices (BMPs) and, for large CAFOs, procedures necessary to achieve effluent limitation guidelines (ELGs).

Manure Matters, Volume 9, Number 5, Bahman Eghball, Christopher Bauer, Charles A. Shapiro

Manure Matters (newsletter)

Reducing Spatial Variability of Soil Carbon and Phosphorus by Site-Specific Manure Application

Spatial variability can significantly influence crop performance across a field. Manure, a renewable resource, is an excellent source of nutrients that can be substituted for synthetic types of fertilizers. The carbon (C) and nutrients in manure can enhance the physical and chemical properties of soils, especially infertile soils, hence reducing soil spatial variability. Organic C constitute about 58% of organic matter in the soil (%OM = %OC x 1.724). Manure application not only provides nutrients for crops but also improves soil quality since the organic matter in manure …

Manure Matters, Volume 9, Number 4, Richard K. Koelsch

Manure Matters (newsletter)

New EPA Rules Targeting Livestock and Poultry Industry Congress passed the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972 to "restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters." Among its core provisions, it prohibits the discharge of pollutants from a point source to waters of the United States except as authorized by an NPDES permit. EPA's regulation of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) under the CWA dates to the 1970s. EPA established effluent guidelines for feedlots in 1974 based on the best available technology that was economically achievable for the industry. CAFO regulations issued in 1976 determined …

Manure Matters, Volume 9, Number 3, Mike Fitzgerald

Manure Matters (newsletter)

Two Key Livestock bills Before NE Legislature

State senators have advanced LB 210 to Select File on a 39-1 vote. The proposed legislation would exempt certain farm and ranch laborers from the Worker Compensation Act. Generally, employers of farm and ranch laborers would be exempt from providing workers’ compensation coverage if their employees are related to the employer and if the total number of employees not related to the employer does not exceed five. In the event an agricultural employer employs six or more unrelated, full-time employees the employer may still be exempt so long as less than 40% of …

Manure Matters, Volume 9, Number 2, Richard K. Koelsch, Wendy Powers

Manure Matters (newsletter)

Integrating Animal Feeding Decisions into CNMP Processes: Part 2

This is part 2 of a two part series, part one was discussed in Volume 9, Number 1.

Manure Matters, Volume 9, Number 1, Richard K. Koelsch, Wendy Powers

Manure Matters (newsletter)

Integrating Animal Feeding Decisions into CNMP Processes: Part 1

Environmental planning in animal production systems often requires an estimate of nutrient excretion. Standard values published by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) (SCS 1992), American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE 1999), and MidWest Plan Service (MWPS 2000) commonly have been used for this purpose. However, these current procedures do not reflect the impact of producers' animal dietary decisions on nutrient excretion. The increasing variety of feed ingredient options, changes in nutritional programs to match improving genetic potential, and feeding strategies designed to reduce nutrient excretion are influencing the amount of …

Avoiding The “Fat” Of The Land: Case Studies Of Agricultural Nutrient Balance, David Weaver, Simon Neville

Journal articles

Let’s start with a simple analogy: if a person eats more than they need, they gain weight. That is: if our feed inputs (kilojoules in) are greater than our outputs (exercise — kilojoules out) then we will gain weight (kilojoules in storage).That’s our fat. If, on the other hand, our feed inputs are less than our outputs, then we will lose weight.And if our inputs are the same as our outputs, our weight will remain constant. In general, the further away you are from an ‘ideal’weight, the greater the health risks. And yes, other aspects of your body management — …

Farming Systems To Manage Salinity, Research Results 2003, Richard O'Donnell

Agriculture reports

Covering: Low charge cropping systems project Productive use of saline land project Warm season crops project Farm and forestry revegetation project

2002-2003 Kentucky Canola Variety Performance Test, Greg Schwab, Lloyd W. Murdock, James H. Herbek, Chad Lee, David Van Sanford

Agronomy Notes

Winter canola is a crop that is well suited for Kentucky’s climate and crop rotation, but production peaked at 20,000 acres in 1989and has since declined mainly due to winter hardiness concerns. Changes in the 2002 farm bill have once again caused farmers to consider converting some of their wheat acreage to canola production. For the past several years, plant breeders have been working to improve canola’s winter hardiness and have released several varieties that seem to be better suited for Kentucky’s variable winters than the varieties grown in the late 1980s. A study was initiated in the fall of …

Forage Yield And Economic Losses Associated With The Brown-Midrib Trait In Sudangrass, M. D. Casler, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. J. Undersander

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Brown-midrib genes increase digestibility due to reduced lignification in sudangrass, Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) de Wet & Harlan. Brown-midrib lines are known to be low in forage yield potential, but this reduction in forage yield has not been previously quantified. The objectives of this study were to quantify the increase in forage quality and decrease in forage yield and to provide an economic assessment of this dichotomy. Piper and Greenleaf (normal leaves) were compared with their brown-midrib counterparts and four highly selected brown-midrib (FG) lines at two locations for 2 yr. Brown-midrib lines averaged 9.0% lower in …

Registration Of Rn582 Sorghum Germplasm Line, J. F. Pedersen, J. J. Toy

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

RN582 sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench] germplasm line (Reg. no. GP-591, PI 628277) was developed jointly by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Research Division, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, and was released in September 2001.

RN582 is an S₆ selection from the cross (RTx430 ms₃ms₃X E 35-1) X E 35-1. RTx430 was developed and released by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (Miller, 1984) and was provided to this project containing the nuclear male sterility gene ms₃ by A.B. Maunder in 1988. E 35-1 is an Ethiopian land race with white …

Letter From The Dean, Gregory J. Weidemann

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Engineering For Expression Of The Cold Regulated Barley Protein Hvcr21 In E. Coli, Kathleen Graupman

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

HVCR21 is a barley protein known to be cold regulated at the mRNA level. However, its function as well as the affect of low temperature on its translation are unknown. The purpose of this project was to engineer E. coli to express recombinant HVCR21. PGR primers were designed for the 5' and 3' ends of the HVCR21 coding region. The primers were also designed with a 5' SacI restriction site and a 3' Pst I restriction site. After ligation of the PCR product into the pCR4-TOPO vector, bacteria were transformed and plated and the successful transformant verified by PCR. The …

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Characteristics Of Consumers And Producers Using Farmers’ Markets, Walter Hugo Anez, Michael R. Thomsen

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

This study examines the perceptions of both consumers and producers towards farmers’ markets. Consumer perceptions are generalized from several previous studies conducted throughout the United States. Producer information was gathered through a survey of members of one farmers’ market in Arkansas. Previous studies, conducted in both rural and urban areas, indicate that the typical famers’ market customer is well educated and is of higher than average income. These consumers place great importance on quality of produce, knowledge that produce is grown locally, and the social interaction obtained through the farmers’ market experience. For producers, the farmers’ market is an important …

Chitosanase May Enhance Anti-Fungal Defense Responses In Transgenic Tobacco, Bill L. Hendrix, James Mcd. Stewart

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Chitosanase is an enzyme, similar to chitinase, capable of hydrolyzing the β-1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine residues in partially acetylated chitosan polymers found in fungal cell walls. When attacked by pathogenic fungi, many plants exploit this hydrolytic action as a component of a larger post-attack defense response, but these enzymes may also play a role in the initial plant-pathogen interaction via the generation of elicitors resulting from the hydrolysis of fungal cell walls. To gain insight into these mechanisms, a Paenbacillus chitosanase was cloned, sequenced, and modified for plant expression. The modified gene was delivered to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. …

Managing Blackleg : A Grower's Guide To Minimising Risk From Blackleg Disease Of Canola In Western Australia, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Bulletins 4000 -

Blackleg is spread primarily by wind, with the heaviest spore fall out normally occurring within 500 metres of any canola residue. Each year canola residue continues to produce blackleg spores at a diminishing rate until the stubble has completely broken down (see Diagram 2). In WA this breakdown could take up to 4 years, and so the recommendations are for long rotations.

The blackleg fungus can attack all the aerial parts of the plant. While leaf infection is the most obvious symptom, high levels of leaf infections do not necessarily indicate that major losses will occur from blackleg. It is …

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms In Soybean, Y. L. Zhu, Q. J. Song, D. L. Hyten, C. P. Van Tassel, L. K. Matukumalli, D. R. Grimm, S. M. Hyatt, E. W. Fickus, N. D. Young, P. B. Cregan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provide an abundant source of DNA polymorphisms in a number of eukaryotic species. Information on the frequency, nature, and distribution of SNPs in plant genomes is limited. Thus, our objectives were (1) to determine SNP frequency in coding and noncoding soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) DNA sequence amplified from genomic DNA using PCR primers designed to complete genes, cDNAs, and random genomic sequence; (2) to characterize haplotype variation in these sequences; and (3) to provide initial estimates of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in soybean. Approximately 28.7 kbp of coding sequence, 37.9 kbp of noncoding perigenic DNA, and …

Control Of Tomato Late Blight (Phytophthora Infestans) With Biocides On Tomatoes (Lycopersicum Sculentum) In The Community Of Carmen Pampa, Belonging To Coroico Municipality (Nor Yungas, La Paz), Rosemary Gutiérrez Coarite

Theses and Dissertations

In Bolivia, tomato acreage is 6717 and has a yield of 12005 kg/ha and the total production is 80,636 TM. Departments that harvest tomato are Santa Cruz, Cochabamba and La Paz, Santa Cruz being the department that shows the highest rates of production with 40653 TM in comparison with La Paz which has a production of 3109 TM and Cochabamba of 2420 TM. The principle factors in affect are, the best climatic conditions in Santa Cruz, while Cochabamba and La Paz have differences in seasonal changes (National Institute of Statistics, 1998). The importance of the tomato harvest lies in consumption …

Alteration Of Soil Water Content Consequent To Root-Pruning At A Windbreak/Crop Interface In Nebraska, Usa, Qingjiang Hou, James R. Brandle, Kenneth Hubbard, Michele Schoneberger, Carlos Nieto, Charles A. Francis

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Root-pruning is generally recommended as an appropriate treatment to reduce competition for soil water and/or nutrients and suppression of crop yield in areas adjacent to windbreaks. Several recent studies suggest, however, that factors other than soil water might be causing yield reduction at the interface. For two consecutive years, we evaluated root-pruning effects on soil water at the windbreak/crop interface under both cropped (soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] variety ‘Iroquois’, 1997) and non-cropped (1998) conditions in Mead, Nebraska, USA. Volumetric soil water content near the windbreaks was systematically measured at various soil depths, distances from the windbreak, …

Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Soil Indicators Four Years After Manure And Compost Applications, Daniel Ginting, Anabayan Kessavalou, Bahman Eghball, John W. Doran

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Understanding how carbon, nitrogen, and key soil attributes affect gas emissions from soil is crucial for alleviating their undesirable residual effects that can linger for years after termination of manure and compost applications. This study was conducted to evaluate the emission of soil CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄ and soil C and N indicators four years after manure and compost application had stopped. Experimental plots were treated with annual synthetic N fertilizer (FRT), annual and biennial manure (MN1 and MN2, respectively), and compost (CP1 and CP2, respectively) from 1992 to 1995 based on removal of 151 …

Registration Of ‘Ne422t’ Winter Triticale, P. Stephen Baenziger, K. P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

NE422T triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) (Reg. no CV-27, PI 629028) was developed cooperatively by the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA-ARS. It was jointly released in 2001 by the developing institutions. NW422T was selected from the cross ‘Trical’/‘UB-UW26’ where Trical is most likely ‘Trical 100’ (a forage triticale developed by Resource Seed Inc., a subsidiary of Goldsmith Seed Company, Gilroy, CA) and UB-UW26 is an unknown winter triticale germplasm line given to the breeding program in the 1980s.The cross was made in 1990. The F₁ generation was grown in the greenhouse in 1990-1991. The F₂ and F …

Effect Of Triticum Turgidum Cytoplasm On Test Weight Of Soft Red Winter Wheat, Juan Mayta, Robert Bacon, John Kelly, Edward Gbur

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The effect of Triticum turgidum cytoplasm on soft red winter wheat (T. aestivum) was studied relative to test weight (bushel weight) and agronomic traits such as heading date, resistance to leaf rust, and plant color. The cytoplasmic effects were studied in three genetic backgrounds by crossing the cultivars Jackson, Pioneer 2684, and Wakefield with a plant introduction PI590277 that carried T. turgidum cytoplasm. Twelve alloplasmic and euplasmic populations were developed through a backcrossing procedure. The study used a micro test weight procedure to compare F4 lines within the populations for test weight. The data for other agronomic traits were taken …

Evaluation Of Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd) At Different Spacings Between Furrows And Plants In The Mamani Community, José Ferrufino Miranda

Theses and Dissertations

This study addressed spacing between furrows and plants in the cultivation of the quinoa variety Patacamaya. This study took place from 1999 to 2000 in the Mamani community, Ingavi, La Paz, Bolivia. The Patacamaya variety is a cross between Samaranti (sweet) and Kaslala (bitter), with a vegetative cycle of 145 days (semi-early). It has large grains, is sweet, and has a high grain yield. The spaces between furrows were 40, 60, and 80 cm in an experimental design of randomly divided plots with four repetitions. The spaces between furrows were implemented in large plots and the plant spaces as sub-treatments …

Comparison Of Nutrient Concentration In Four Fertility Treatments After Poultry Litter Application To Orchardgrass And Sorghum-Sundangrass Hayfield Soils, Amanda Canty

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Field experiments were established in 2001 at the Agricultural Research and Education Complex in Bowling Green, Kentucky to evaluate soil fertility values before and after poultry litter application to orchardgrass and sorghum-sudangrass hayfields. A randomized complete block design was utilized with each treatment being replicated four times. Orchardgrass plots consisted of sixteen 7.6 m rows, 91 m in length and separated by alleys 4.6 m in width. Sorghum-sudangrass plots consisted of sixteen 7.6 m rows, 60.96 m in length and separated by alleys 4.6 m in width. Four separate fertility treatments were utilized: inorganic fertilizer (I), poultry litter applied to …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2002, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers.