Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Pupuk Anorganik Sebagai Alternatif Media Untuk Pertumbuhan Eksplan Nilam (Pogostemon Cablin Benth) Kultivar Sidikalang Dan Tapaktuan Secara In-Vitro, Suseno Amien, M. F. Wiguna

Jurnal Kultivasi

Kultur jaringan selama ini dipahami oleh sebagian masyarakat merupakan suatu teknologi yang mahal, terutama dalam menyediakan bahan kimia untuk media. Hasil percobaan sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa percobaan dengan media pupuk anorganik dapat digunakan sebagi media tanam in-vitro. Namun media tersebut belum diteliti secara rinci manfaatnya untuk tanaman nilam. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh media pupuk anorganik yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan kultivar nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) Sidikalang dan Tapak Tuan. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium teknologi kultur jaringan Pemuliaan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran dari bulan Mei sampai Agustus 2010. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan dua faktor perlakuan …

Katekin Teh Indonesia: Prospek Dan Manfaatnya, Intan Ratna Dewi Anjarsari

Jurnal Kultivasi

Teh Indonesia dikenal karena memiliki kandungan katekin (antioksidan alami) tertinggi di dunia Katekin adalah salah satu turunan dari poliphenol yang memiliki khasiat antioxidant yang tinggi. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar katekin adalah varietas dan klon teh, ketinggian tempat, umur daun, serta jenis petikan. Dipandang dari sisi kesehatan, makin tinggi katekin berarti makin bermanfaat buat kesehatan. Akan tetapi sebaliknya, ditinjau dari sisi rasa, memiliki perbandingan yang terbalik. Katekin berperan penting di dalam menentukan aroma dan rasa. Katekin merupakan senyawa tidak berwarna dan larut dalam air serta membawa sifat pahit dan sepat pada seduhan teh. Senyawa ini paling penting dalam daun teh karena …

Pengujian Sensitivias Kekeringan Dan Daya Adaptasi Tujuh Varieas Padi Di Wilayah Dataran Medium Jatinangor, Ruminta, Santi Rosniawaty, Agus Wahyudin

Jurnal Kultivasi

Telah dilakukan pengujian sensitivitas kekeringan, daya adaptasi, dan produkstivitas tujuh varietas padi di wilayah dataran medium Jatinangor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji sensitivitas kekeringan, daya adaptasi, dan produktivitas tujuh varietas tanaman padi untuk mendapatkan varietas padi unggul yang tahan kekeringan dan memiliki daya hasil tinggi yang akan dikembangkan pada lahan sawah dataran medium. Penelitian ini dirancang dalam bentuk eksperimen Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 14 perlakuan dan ulangan 3 kali. Perlakuan yang diuji merupakan kombinasi dari 7 varietas tanaman padi (Ciherang, Inpari 10, IR 64, Mekongga, Sintanur, Situ Bagendit, dan Towuti) dan 2 pemberian air (macak-macak dan intermiten). Hasil penelitian …

Pengaruh Berbagai Dosis Pupuk Silika Organik Dan Tingkat Kekerasan Biji Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Hanjeli Pulut (Coix Lacryma- Jobi.L) Genotip 37”, Tati Nurmala, Anni Yuniarti, N. Syahfitri

Jurnal Kultivasi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis silika organik dan tingkat kekerasan biji yang dapat memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman hanjeli pulut (Coix lacryma- Jobi.L). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2015 sampai dengan bulan Mei 2016 di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari enam perlakuan dan empat kali ulangan, yaitu: Kontrol; Silika dosis (4,50 g/tanaman); (9,00 g/tanaman); (13,50 g/tanaman); (18,00 g/tanaman); (22,50 g/tanaman), sehingga diperoleh 24 petak percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, perlakuan tanpa pupuk silika organik berpengaruh terhadap biomassa total tanaman …

Kuantitas Dan Kualitas Hasil Benih Buncis Tegak (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Yang Diberi Pupuk Organik Padat Dan Pupuk Organik Cair Chitosan, Anne Nuraini, Denny Sobardini, Erni Suminar, H. Apriyanto

Jurnal Kultivasi

Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara jenis pupuk organik padat dan pupuk organik cair (POC) chitosan yang dapat memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan, kuantitas dan kualitas hasil benih buncis tegak. Percobaan dilakukan dari bulan Maret 2012 hingga Juni 2012 di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Jawa Barat. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis pupuk organik padat terdiri dari tiga taraf, yaitu tanpa pupuk organik padat, pupuk kandang ayam, dan kascing. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi POC chitosan terdiri dari empat taraf yaitu: 0 ml L-1, 1,5 ml L-1, 3 …

Increasing Maize Tolerance To Drought And Flood With Seed Coating Treatments, Jacob E. Bennett, Achint Sanghi, R. P. Kingsly Ambrose

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

The lack of irrigation in regions prone to drought, and flooding due to high rainfall or lack of drainage affects seed viability and the subsequent germination and crop establishment. Seed treatment in the form of coatings shows promise as an effective method to preserve the viability of corn (Zea mays) seeds in drought and flood conditions. Chemical formulations may help improve the seed corn vigor under these stressed conditions. This study examined the efficacy of β-aminobutyric acid [BABA] and N-isopropylacrylamide [NIPA] in inducing drought resistance, as well as the ability of lanolin and linseed oil to provide flood …

Agro-Climatic Change, Crop Production And Mitigation Strategies-Case Studies In Arkansas, Usa And Kenya, John Westley Magugu

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Although climate change impacts vary geographically and temporally, studies at local levels are not readily available for stakeholders to better understand how their local communities would be affected and what remedial measures could be more effective in their local contexts. This dissertation has examined climate change and its impacts in two different local contexts: eastern Arkansas in the USA and Nyando in Kenya. The first part of this dissertation develops agro-meteorological indicators and examines the relationship between agro-meteorological indicators and crop yields in eastern Arkansas between 1960 and 2014. Results reveal that temperature based indicators were more strongly correlated to …

Temperature Control Of Node Appearance And Initiation In Soybean, Fatima Amor M. Tenorio

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Soybean demand remains strong and continues to grow as a source of protein and oil for food and feed. Soybean production is expanding into cooler and warmer environments, thus, it becomes critical to expand the current knowledge about the influence of temperature on soybean. Temperature is the main environmental factor effecting node appearance rate (NAR) and node initiation rate (NIR), which are key parameters controlling soybean growth and development. This study aims to assess the response of NAR and NIR to temperature and investigate the coordination between these two processes under controlled and field conditions. Two greenhouse experiments with four …

Identifying And Addressing Soil Property Issues Affecting Roadside Vegetation Establishment, Xu Li, Martha Mamo, Walter H. Schacht, Tala Awada, Humberto Blanco-Canqui

Nebraska Department of Transportation: Research Reports

Attaining adequate vegetation cover along highways is important for NDOR to comply with EPA’s stormwater regulations. However, low plant cover is a common problem on shoulders (first 16 feet off the pavement) of many highways in Nebraska. The ultimate goal of this study is to identify cost-effective engineering solutions that assure adequate seed beds (i.e., soil conditions) for establishment of selected seeding mixtures. The objectives of this study are to (1) characterize the soil properties along roadsides where vegetation stands have not developed well, and (2) verify the effects of select soil property parameters on plant germination and establishment.

Sampling …

Arkansas Wheat Cultivar Performance Tests 2015-2016, R. E. Mason, R. G. Miller, D. E. Moon, J. P. Kelley

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Wheat cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for small-grain producers.

Diversity And Virulence Of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera Glycines Ichinohe) In Nebraska, Kyle C. Broderick

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is one of the most economically important soybean pathogens in the United States. Best management practices are the use of resistant cultivars and crop rotation. Though there are several genetic sources of SCN resistance, most of the SCN-resistant cultivars are derived from a single resistance source (PI 88788). Other states have reported an increase in virulence to PI 88788 due to prolonged use of this resistance. In this thesis, two studies were conducted to characterize the diversity and virulent phenotypes of SCN populations in Nebraska.

The first study assessed the virulent phenotypes of …

Effect Of Dung Beetles On Dung Decomposition And Nutrient Cycling In A Nebraska Rangeland, Kenneth Shay Evans

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Management practice can have impacts on the abundance and frequency of dung beetle populations and nutrient cycling in grazing systems. Also, agriculture and livestock production land use is a considerable source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which are known to be one of the causes of global climate change. In this study, we evaluated the effect of dung beetle presence on the fluxes of greenhouse gasses (GHG’s) from dung pats in the semi-arid Sandhills region of Nebraska, by using closed chambers to measure the fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N …

Over-Summering Ecology Of The Wheat Curl Mite (Aceria Tosichella Keifer), Anthony J. Mcmechan

Department of Entomology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The wheat-mite-virus complex is a consistent and significant threat to winter wheat production in the western Great Plains. This complex consists of three viruses (Wheat streak mosaic virus, Triticum mosaic virus, and Wheat mosaic virus that are transmitted by the wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer). Yield impacts from this complex are typically associated with the presence of volunteer wheat that emerges prior to harvest as a result of hail occurring during the heading stages of wheat in early summer. Historical literature on pre-harvest germination has been primarily focused on accelerating breeding programs; however, critical gaps in knowledge exist on …

The Biology And Management Of Waterhemp In Indiana, Joseph M. Heneghan

Open Access Theses

Waterhemp is a dioecious weed species indigenous to the Midwestern United states yet it has only recently become problematic in agronomic crop production in Indiana. Waterhemp is a small-seeded broadleaf which has increased in prevalence in conjunction with an increase in conservation tillage practices. Waterhemp germinates and emerges from the top 3 cm of soil and is known to exhibit extended periods of continual emergence, longer than most other summer annual weed species that are typically present in agronomic production settings. As a C4 species, waterhemp then grows rapidly and is capable of producing thousands of seeds, while effectively competing …

B. R. Wells Arkansas Rice Research Studies 2015, R. J. Norman, K.A. K. Moldenhauer

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Determination Of Optimum Fall And Spring Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate For Maximizing Grain Yield Of Soft Red Winter Wheat Sown At Variable Planting Dates, Lucas Vasconcelos Vieira

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

An optimum planting date is important for winter wheat nitrogen (N) management as it dramatically changes the growing environment including temperature and moisture, ultimately affecting fertilizer efficiency and grain yield (GY). In Arkansas, high precipitation in the fall often forces farmers to delay planting and current Arkansas recommendations include the application of fall N when soft red winter wheat (SRWW) is sown later than optimum, despite the lack of data supporting this practice. This study evaluated the effect of rate and timing of N application on GY of SRWW sown at variable planting dates in Arkansas. Granular urea was split …

Phenotypic And Gene Expression Analysis Of Diverse Rice Genotypes In Response To Drought, Miranti Rahmaningsih

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Drought is one of the most limiting factors for rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and development with vegetative and reproductive stages the most sensitive and distinct phases. During the vegetative stage, drought can cause reduction in growth and biomass accumulation. Moreover, water stress at reproductive stage can reduce yield significantly. Plants are protected against drought by three different mechanisms: drought avoidance, drought tolerance, and drought escape. An integrated approach combining physiology, breeding, and genomics could be an effective way to characterize and mitigate this problem. The objectives of this research were to (1) screen a diverse set of rice genotypes …

Characterization Of Echinochloa Spp. In Arkansas, Hussain Tahir

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Echinochloa species are the most problematic grass weeds in rice and soybean production throughout the southern United States. The species under this genus has high intra- and interspecific variability, with many ecotypes, observed within a species. This study was conducted to: i) characterize the morphology and phenology of Echinochloa accessions from Arkansas in a common garden; ii) verify the species identity of these accessions based on their morphological traits, and iii) evaluate the dormancy characteristics of Echinochloa accessions. Junglerice (E. colona) was identified as the most common species, comprising about 78% of the accessions collected, with barnyardgrass (E. crus-galli) and …

High Throughput Phenotypic Evaluation Of Drought-Related Traits In Soybean, Hua Bai

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Drought limits crop growth and yield in soybean. Rapid and effective methods of screening large numbers of soybean lines for drought tolerance are urgently needed. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of drought in soybean during reproductive stages. In the first experiment five genotypes from maturity groups 2 through 5 were tested under well-irrigated and drought conditions. Beginning at R5, leaf samples were taken for nitrogen concentration analysis. Pictures were taken across the top of each plot to determine the intensity of greenness using the Dark Green Color Index (DGCI). Aerial photographs were also taken to determine aerial …

Comparative Evolutionary Analysis Of Organellar Genomic Diversity In Green Plants, Weishu Fan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) and plastid genome (plastome) of plants vary immensely in genome size and gene content. They have also developed several eccentric features, such as the preference for horizontal gene transfer of mitochondrial genes, the reduction of the plastome in non-photosynthetic plants, and variable amounts of RNA editing affecting both genomes. Different organismal lifestyles can partially account for the highly diverse organellar genomes across the tree of green plants. For example, endosymbiotic and parasitic lifestyles can dramatically affect the genomic architectures of plant mitochondria and plastids. In this study, the organellar genomes of several green plants with atypical …

Development And Assessment Of A Groundwater Sustainability Index In Climatically Diverse Groundwater Irrigated Regions In Nebraska, Maria A. Mulet Jalil

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of regional change in ET on groundwater level changes and the assessment and development of a groundwater sustainability index for climatically diverse regions across Nebraska during 2000-2014. Irrigation in the selected regions is predominantly supplied by groundwater. The hypothesis is that groundwater use can become sustainable if the regional evapotranspiration (ET) is managed so that it equals the ET of vegetation that is native to the region. Site locations were Box Butte, Chase, Dundy, Holt LNNRD and York Counties and 3 ecosystems were evaluated: native vegetation, dryland and irrigated cropping …

Cross Species Selection Scans Identify Components Of C4 Photosynthesis In The Grasses, Pu Huang, Anthony J. Studer, James C. Schnable, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Thomas P. Brutnell

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

C₄ photosynthesis is perhaps one of the best examples of convergent adaptive evolution with over 25 independent origins in the grasses (Poaceae) alone. The availability of high quality grass genome sequences presents new opportunities to explore the mechanisms underlying this complex trait using evolutionary biology-based approaches. In this study, we performed genome-wide cross-species selection scans in C₄ lineages to facilitate discovery of C₄ genes. The study was enabled by the well conserved collinearity of grass genomes and the recently sequenced genome of a C₃ panicoid grass, Dichanthelium oligosanthes. This method, in contrast to previous studies, …

Reducing Pollen Dispersal Using Forest Windbreaks, Carol Auer, Thomas Meyer, Vernie Sagun

Plant Science Articles

The adoption of genetically engineered (GE) crops has created a demand for practical methods to mitigate pollen dispersal and gene flow. The goal of this project was to measure the ability of a narrow forest windbreak to reduce downwind pollen fluxes from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a North American grass and model biofuels feedstock. Switchgrass fields were established in two identical plots where one had a forest windbreak and the other was in an open (control) site. Switchgrass reproduction, pollen dispersal, wind speed, and wind direction were measured over two years. Daily release of switchgrass pollen peaked at 11:00-13:30 …

Effect Of Bacteria Isolates In Powdery Mildew Control In Flowering Dogwoods (Cornus Florida L.), Margaret T. Mmbaga, Frank A. Mrema, Lucas Mackasmiel, Emily Rotich

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Five bacterial isolates collected from dogwood leaves were evaluated for powdery mildew control in shadehouse and greenhouse environments by using foliar sprays and/or root drenching. Two isolates displayed superior bioactivity and suppressed powdery mildew similar to conventional fungicide thiophanate methyl (Cleary’s 3336F®). The two bacteria disrupted powdery mildew spore germination and ruptured spore membranes causing spore lyses. Bacterial filtrates without bacterial cells were also effective in suppressing powdery mildew and disrupting spore germination and suggested the involvement of secondary metabolites. The two biocontrol agents (BCAs) colonized roots endophytically and promoted plant growth.

High-Input Management Systems Effect On Soybean Seed Yield, Yield Components, And Economic Break-Even Probabilities, John M. Orlowski, Bryson J. Haverkamp, Randall G. Laurenz, David A. Marburger, Eric W. Wilson, Shaun N. Casteel, Shawn P. Conley, Seth L. Naeve, Emerson D. Nafziger, Kraig L. Roozeboom, William J. Ross, Kurt D. Thelen, Chad Lee

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Elevated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] prices have spurred interest in maximizing soybean seed yield and has led growers to increase the number of inputs in their production systems. However, little information exists about the effects of high-input management on soybean yield and profitability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of individual inputs, as well as combinations of inputs marketed to protect or increase soybean seed yield, yield components, and economic break-even probabilities. Studies were established in nine states and three soybean growing regions (North, Central, and South) between 2012 and 2014. In each site-year …

Distribution Of Genomic Variation In The Usda Soybean Germplasm Collection And Relationship With Phenotypic Variation, Nonoy Batiller Bandillo

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection harbors a large stock of genetic diversity with potential to accelerate soybean cultivar development. The extent and nature of favorable alleles contained in the collection are not well known nor is the distribution of genetic variation and how it relates to phenotypic variation. The genotyping of the entire USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection marked the beginning of a systematic exploration of genetic diversity for genetic research and breeding. In this research, we conducted the first comprehensive analysis of population structure on the collection of ~14,400 soybean accessions [Glycine max (L.) Merr. and G. soja Siebold …

Herbicide Resistantsorghum Mutants, Ismail M. Dweikat

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

This disclosure provides for four different sorghum mutants that exhibit resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. This dis closure also provides for methods of using such Sorghum mutants that exhibit resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in breeding methods to make Sorghum hybrids, varieties, or lines. The Sorghum hybrids, varieties, and lines provided in this disclosure can be used in methods of controlling weeds.

Expression Of A Constitutively Active Nitrate Reductase Variant In Tobacco Reduces Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine Accumulation In Cured Leaves And Cigarette Smoke, Jianli Lu, Leichen Zhang, Ramsey S. Lewis, Lucien Bovet, Simon Goepfert, Anne M. Jack, James D. Crutchfield, Huihua Ji, Ralph E. Dewey

Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center Faculty Publications

Burley tobaccos (Nicotiana tabacum) display a nitrogen-use-deficiency phenotype that is associated with the accumulation of high levels of nitrate within the leaf, a trait correlated with production of a class of compounds referred to as tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). Two TSNA species, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), have been shown to be strong carcinogens in numerous animal studies. We investigated the potential of molecular genetic strategies to lower nitrate levels in burley tobaccos by overexpressing genes encoding key enzymes of the nitrogen-assimilation pathway. Of the various constructs tested, only the expression of a constitutively active nitrate reductase (NR) …

Long-Term Sandhills Prairie Responses To Precipitation, Temperature, And Cattle Stocking Rate, John A. Guretzky, Cheryl Dunn, Heidi L. Hillhouse

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Understanding of Sandhills prairie, the most expansive sand dune region stabilized by perennial grasses in the Western Hemisphere, is limited by lack of long-term vegetation data. We used a 26-year dataset to evaluate Sandhills prairie responses to yearto- year variation in precipitation, temperature, and cattle stocking rate. Basal cover, a measurement that is constant seasonally and used to detect long-term changes in bunchgrass vegetation, was measured in 38–40 permanent plots positioned along four transects spanning 769 ha from 1979 to 2007. Across this period, total basal cover averaged 2.4 % and was dominated by warm-season grasses (81.1 %). Schizachyrium scoparium …

Physiological And Molecular Characterisation Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa L.) Germplasm With Improved Seedling Freezing Tolerance, M. Rokebul Anowar, Anne Fennell, Arvid Boe, Ivan W. Mott, Michael D. Peel, Yajun Wu

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

We conducted greenhouse experiments to compare 14 lucerne (alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.) germplasms for their survival following freezing. Some are collections adapted to the Grand River National Grasslands in South Dakota. We hypothesised that these collections might have developed a tolerance to survive the frigid growth conditions common there. Two of these collections, River side (RS) and Foster ranch (FR), showed greater freezing tolerance than the other germplasms tested, based on their consistent survival rates with or without cold acclimation. In multiple freezing studies, RS and FR had average survival rates of 74% and 79%, respectively, in contrast to the …