Agricultural Science Commons^™

Bulletin No. 151 - The Freezing Of Fruit Buds, F. L. West, N. E. Edlefsen

UAES Bulletins

There are many orchards in this country, so located that every few years a frost almost completely destroys the crop, either by killing the buds in the spring of the year, or by freezing the fruit in the fall, just before it is picked. Utah is no exception. A report made by the county agricultural agents of the state, shows that in the spring of 1916, 85 percent of the apples, 90 percent of the peaches, and 65 percent of the mall fruit were killed by frost with a corresponding amount of damage to field crops.

Bulletin No. 152 - The Effects Of Soil Moisture Content On Certain Factors In Wheat Production, F. S. Harris, Howard J. Maughan

UAES Bulletins

A knowledge of the intimate relations between the crop and the moisture of the soil is important to every farmer, and particularly to those in the arid parts of the world. While wheat is not an intensive crop and probably will not give as great returns to the acre for extra care as some other crops, it is well worth while to know how this crop responds to various treatments. The effect of high and low soil moisture during various stages in the growth of the crop is of particular interest. The work of other experimenters on this subject has …

Bulletin No. 149 - Breeding For Egg Production, Part Ii: Seasonal Distribution Of Egg Production With Especial Reference To "Winter" Egg Production, E. D. Ball, Byron Alder

UAES Bulletins

In this bulletin will be found a discussion of the seasonal distribution of egg production during first, second, and third, and later years of egg-laying of the same flocks of hens and a comparison of the distribution of production of high-laying and low-laying flocks in the same season, and different seasons as well as high-laying and low-laying individuals of the same flocks. These studies are based on six flocks of White Leghorn hens ranging from nine years to three years old and all descendants of a common flock. The methods of handling, feeding, and other details are discussed in previous …

Genetical Studies Of Variegated Pericarp In Maize, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Two years ago there were presented some results of a study of the inheritance of self pattern in the pericarp of maize seeds, occurring as a sporophytic2 variation in variegated ears (EMERSON1 914). Further results, in entire accord with those previously reported, have now been obtained. In addition, data bearing upon new phases of the problem are also available.

The chief results reported in the earlier paper were the following: ( I ) The more nearly self-colored the pericarp of any seed of a variegated ear, the more likely is the progeny of that seed to produce a self-colored ear …

Circular No. 23 - The Seed Situation In Utah, George Stewart

UAES Circulars

Due to the use of poor seed, the farmers of Utah lose yearly many thousands of dollars. Often single farms suffer to the extent of several hundred dollars. The most regretable and yet the most hopeful thing about the seed situation is that these losses are largely preventable.

Abundant area of unoccupied public lands have hitherto been within the reach of practically any wide-awake tiller of the soil. The farmer was more nearly sure of larger hay tacks and more bushels of grain or potatoes if he doubled the size of his fields than if he attempted more thorough cultivation. …

Bulletin No. 148 - Breeding For Egg Production: Part 1, A Study Of Annual And Total Production, E. D. Ball, Byron Alder, A. D. Egbert

UAES Bulletins

The average annual egg production of different breeds of fowls, the production that may be expected under different environmental conditions, the average length of life, the total probable production of an individual and the distribution of this production through the life cycle, are all subjects of vital importance to every poultryman. They are also subjects upon which there must be reliable information before accurate breeding work can be carried on. A search through the literature shows that information on all these subjects is extremely meagre.

Circular No. 22 - Some Sources Of Potassium, C. T. Hirst, E. G. Carter

UAES Circulars

The essential elements of plant food are ten in number. Of these carbon and oxygen are obtained by the plant from the air, and hydrogen from the water. Sulphur, calcium, iron and magnesium are required by plants in small quantities and are not likely to be deficient in soils. The three remaining ones--nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium--are likely to be present in soils in smaller quantities and are used by plants in larger amounts than any of the other elements taken from the soil. In addition to these ten elements already named, five other elements, viz., silicon, aluminum, sodium, chlorine, and …

Bulletin No. 146 - The Irrigation Of Wheat, F. S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

The economical use of irrigation water is one of the chief problem of agriculture in arid region. Much more land is available than can be irrigated by the supply of water even then methods of greatest economy are employed. The total crop of arid regions is therefore limited not by land but by water and the welfare of the regions demand that the irrigation water be used as efficiently as possible.

Bulletin No. 145 - Soil Alkali Studies: Quantities Of Alkali Salts Which Prohibit The Growth Of Crops In Certain Utah Soils, F. S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

One of the most important questions connected with the alkali problem in arid soils is the determination of the limits of toxicity of the various alkali salts. The author has already presented considerable data on this subject; but most of these results were obtained under laboratory conditions and with the use of pure salts. The combinations of salts used were not necessarily the combinations found in actual field conditions. It seemed desirable, therefore, to extend these studies to the field in order to determine the exact concentration of the various alkalis that prohibits growth in crops. A study of this …

Bulletin No. 147 - The Alkali Content Of Irrigation Water, Robert Stewart, C. T. Hirst

UAES Bulletins

In certain irrigated districts the alkali problem is a menace. Any controllable factor which tends to increase the alkali content of the soil should be carefully considered in a successful system of soil management. In this connection the quality of the irrigation water is of great importance; the saline content of water has a marked influence upon the method and quantity to be used for irrigation. The factors which will contribute to an increase or decrease of the alkali content of the water must be clearly understood. The amount of the several kinds of alkali salts added to the soil …

Bulletin No. 144 - Water Table Variations: Causes And Effects, A. B. Ballantyne

UAES Bulletins

No abstract provided.

Bulletin No. 143 - Fruit Tree Root Systems: Spread And Depth, A. B. Ballantyne

UAES Bulletins

As mentioned in Utah Station Bulletin No. 124, seepage conditions on the Southern Utah Experiment Farm were responsible for the removal of about 5 acres of vineyard in 1908, and 7 acres of mixed peach orchard in 1910, all of which were on the lower or western half of the farm.

These orchards and vineyards had always received good care, clean culture being practiced in fact as well as name. The results for a number of years were all that could be desired, when the trees and vines began to die questions arose as to the cause: since in spite …

Circular No. 20 - Capsule Method Of Breeding Mares, W. E. Carroll, J. Frederick

UAES Circulars

Some inquiry has been received by the State Board of Horse Commissioners relative to the capsule method of breeding mare. With the thought that a brief statement of the instruments used and the methods employed in the so-called capsule method of breeding might be useful to stallion men in general, this little circular has been prepared.

Circular No. 19 - Licensed Stallions In Utah During The Season Of 1915, W. E. Carroll

UAES Circulars

In presenting this report of the State Board of Horse Commissioners, it is thought best to include very little which does not bear directly upon the number and distribution of licensed stallions and jacks. Other material treating different phases of the horse industry appears in other circulars from the Board.

Circular No. 18 - Better Horses For Utah, W. E. Carroll

UAES Circulars

The two chief factors which determine the profits realized from the horse breeding business are the cost of production and the quality of the product put on the market. As land values increase, taxes automatically become higher, and this together with the increasing cost of labor, makes the feed and care given the horse more expensive. These factors are so completely independent of the horse breeder that he has little control over the cost of production. This statement is not intended to convey the idea that no account should be taken of costs, or that costs do not vary. Quite …

Bulletin No. 142 - Irrigation Of Peaches, L. D. Batchelor

UAES Bulletins

The writer took up the study of the irrigation of peaches in the spring of 1913 after being connected in a co-operative way with a similar problem during the years 1911 and 1912. The results which follow are primarily from notes taken during 1913 and 1914. Free access has been made, however, to notes taken on the similar problem noted above, when the author was associated with Prof. Walter McLaughlin in connection with a co-operative irrigation problem. Some of the results of 1913 were materially influenced by the treatment of the orchard in 1912.

Circular No. 21 - Dry-Farming In Utah, F. S. Harris, A. D. Ellison

UAES Circulars

It was only a few years after the settlement of Utah in 1847 that occasional attempts were made to raise crops without the use of irrigation water, but these first attempts usually resulted in failure. Not until in the sixties could any degree of success be claimed. About this time, farmers in the valley of the Great Salt Lake and in Cache Valley began raising crops regularly on land located above the canal. From then to the present time a measure of success has been enjoyed by the better dry-farmer in some sections, and hardly a year of complete failure …

Bulletin No. 141 - Variation In Minimum Temperatures Due To The Topography Of A Mountain Valley In Its Relation To Fruit Growing, L. D. Batchelor, F. L. West

UAES Bulletins

The most destructive weather enemy in all fruit growing sections is the late spring frost which frequently occurs after warm weather has caused the fruit blossoms to become fully developed. The variation in severity of such frosts in mountain valleys is a phenomenon well known to the practical orchardist. The actual extent of this variation and the contributing causes have claimed only a very little attention from scientific workers in the mountainous regions. The present publcation is a preliminary report of investigations which were planned to measure the extent of such temperature variations, and acertain if possible some of the …

Guide To The Experiments In Cropping Now Running At The State Farms Of Narrogin, Merredin, Chapman, Geo L. Sutton

Grain and other field crops published reports

The publication of this Guide to experiments conducted at the State Farms is deemed desirable, in order that farmers may be made acquainted with the nature of the work and the progressive results obtained, The purpose of the alteration of practice initiated at the State Farms during the past three years is to carry on an original and definite plan for the improvement of agricultural methods, and to this end a series of experiments have been undertaken which would entail too much expense on the individual farmer, or involve a departure from his routine practice before the value of the …

Circular No. 17 - The Number And Distribution Of Licensed Stallions And Jacks In The State In 1913, W. E. Carroll

UAES Circulars

Table No. 1 shows the number of licensed stallions and jacks of each breed in each county of the State. It will be seen that 439 licenses have been issued. Of these 92 are grades, which means that 79 per cent of all the licensed animals of the State are purebred. Cache County leads with 59 licensed animals, including 8 grades. Sevier County stands second with 51, including 8 grade animals. Sanpete County has 43 licensed animals, including 10 grades. Utah County has 44, two of which are grades. The number of licensed animals vary in the other counties from …

Circular No. 16 - Better Seed, Frank S. Harris

UAES Circulars

It is impossible to produce good crops unless good seed is used. The soil may be of the best quality and it may be prepared in the most thorough manner, the supply of moisture may be ample, the season may be the most favorable, yet all these count for little if worthless seed is planted.

The Inheritance Of A Recurring Somatic Variation In Variegated Ears Of Maize, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The inheritance of variegation has special interest and importance in genetics. It is with forms of variegation that the only two certainly known cases of non-Mendelian inheritance have had to do. I refer to Baur's experiments with Pelargonium, in which crosses of green-leaved and white-leaved forms exhibited somatic segregations in F₁ that bred true in later generations, and to Correns 's work with Mirabilis, which showed green and white leaf color, to be inherited through the mother only. De Vries's con- ception of "ever-sporting" varieties was apparently founded largely upon the behavior of variegated flowers in pedigree …

Multiple Factors Vs. "Golden Mean" In Size Inheritance, R. A. Emerson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Groth's preliminary note on the "golden mean" in the inheritance of sizes in SCIENCE of April 17, 1914, pp. 581-584, deserves the attention of geneticists. Its publication is of such recent date that I need only call attention to one or two points that seem to me of particular moment.

In brief, Groth's hypothesis is that the mode

of inheritance in F_l not only of surfaces and

volumes, but also of linear dimensions is to be

expressed by √ab rather than by a + b /2

where a and b are parent sizes. The hypothesis

is based upon …

Bulletin No. 129 - Codling Moth Studies In 1911: The Driving Spray Under Excessively Wormy Conditions, E. D. Ball, W. M. Ball

UAES Bulletins

Spraying experiments against the codling moth were carried on upon the Smart orchard until the number of worms per tree was reduced to such an extent that no accurate comparisons could be made between different treatments. As a result of the work on this and other orchards, practically every commercial orchard in the valley was by this time well sprayed and the worms reduced to a point where one driving spray per season would keep them under control.

In the meantime a number of questions arose which required very wormy conditions to adequately investigate. Search was therefore made for orchards …

Circular No. 15 - Pastures And Pasture Grasses For Utah, F. S. Harris

UAES Circulars

Since the earliest records of man his domestic animals have secured a large proportion of their forage from pastures. Before crops were planted and harvested by man the wild grasses furnished the chief food for numerous kinds of animals, and the cutting and curing of hay came as a later development to supplement natural pasturage in seasons of scarcity.

Circular No. 14 - Housing Farm Poultry, Byron Alder

UAES Circulars

With the exception, perhaps, of actual starvation of the fowls themselves, there is no other factor in connection with the keeping of poultry that will affect egg production and good vigorous growth so decidedly as poor or improper methods of housing. This circular sets forth some of the essentials of a good house for Utah conditions, and offers plans of three houses in which an attempt has been made to include these essentials. The ideas and plans presented here do not represent anyone person's original work. They are a compilation of the work done on this subject by those who …

Bulletin No. 123 - Farm Drainage: A Manual Of Instruction, Chas F. Brown

UAES Bulletins

In addition to emphasizing the general need for drainage in the arid regions with reference to seepage and alkali problems, this bulletin is intended as a practical treatise covering all engineering phases of farm drainage, from the general observations concerning specific needs of drainage, to the realizations of successful reclamation. It is made up of two parts for convenience in handling and distribution, Part I, Manual of General Instruction, and Part II, Practical Discussion of Problems.

Bulletin No. 125 - The Chemical Milling And Bake Value Of Utah Wheats, Robert Stewart, C. T. Hirst

UAES Bulletins

The Chemical Department of the Utah Experiment Station, since 1903, has been conducting investigations regarding the value of different wheats grown in the State. The results obtained during the years 1903 to 1906 were published as Bulletin No. 103 of this station. A special investigation in 1910 regarding the influence of the combined harvester on the value of the wheat was conducted and the results obtained issued as Bulletin No. 113. The results reported in the following pages were obtained during the progress of these investigations during the years 1907, 1908, and 1909. The method of milling the samples of …

Circular No. 10 - The Control Of The Alfalfa Weevil, E. G. Titus

UAES Circulars

During the work with the alfalfa \weevil throughout several very different seasons and in different regions, of the State, a number of methods of control have been developed that bid fair to be of service in combating this insect. The prospect for the alfalfa grower in the infested area looks more hopeful each year. It is the purpose of this circular to give a brief account of the alfalfa weevil, its present distribution, and the principal methods that appear to be of value in its control.

Circular No. 13 - Fruit For Exhibition, Leon D. Batchelor

UAES Circulars

The basis of a good fruit exhibit is necessarily good cultural conditions to produce good fruit. Then it depends on the exhibitor's ability to select his best fruit. Do not wait until the crop is picked to select show specimens. The successful exhibitor makes his prize selections in the orchard while the fruit i still on the tree. By viewing the fruit as it hangs naturally on the tree, and by carefully surveying the different trees in the orchard a good comparison of a large quantity of fruit can be made. The prize fruit is generally on the outermost branches, …