Agricultural Science Commons^™

Circular No. 36 - Practical Information On The Measurement Of Irrigation Water, O. W. Israelsen

UAES Circulars

The economical use of water in irrigation depends primarily on water measurement. That significant advantages, public and private, attend the measurement of water delivered to individual irrigators has long been recognized in older irrigated countries. The rapidly increasing utilization of Utah's available water supply, the consequent increase in its value, and the tendency on the newer canal systems to base the annual irrigation charges on the amount of water used make an understanding of the methods of water measurement an absolute necessity. Furthermore, many irrigators now realize that the vast store of information concerning the relations of water, soils, and …

Circular No. 37 - Field Beans, George Stewart

UAES Circulars

Tho a new crop in Utah, field beans promise to become of considerable importance. By this, it is not meant that Utah will soon be a leading bean-producing commonwealth. Nevertheless, the next few years will witness a rapid development of the bean-growing industry.

Their leguminous characteristics make beans a valuable crop in rotation systems. This is particularly true now that the virgin condition of our soils will soon disappear where it has not already done so. Beans are adapted both to dry-farming and to irrigation; their growing season is relatively short, permitting the fall planting of wheat after their harvest; …

The Roundheaded Apple-Tree Borer, Fred E. Brooks

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The Apple Tree has no more destructive insect enemy than the roundheaded apple-tree borer. It is the grub of a rather large white and brown striped beetle, which usually requires from two to three years to complete its life cycle.

It is found throughout the eastern half of the United States and southeastern Canada, attacks trees of all ages, but is most destructive to young trees up to 10 years old.

Besides the apple, it attacks the quince and pear among cultivated fruits, and the wild crab, service, mountain ash, chokeberry, seedling apple, and some other wild or native trees. …

Circular No. 34 - Sugar-Beet Production In Utah, F. S. Harris, N. I. Butt

UAES Circulars

Utah is one of the pioneers in the beet-sugar industry. The first sugar factory was brought into the State in 1852, but, like all the early attempts to produce sugar from beets in the United States, the enterprise was unsuccessful. In 1891 a factory was erected at Lehi when there were less than a half a dozen factories in the United States. From this time on Utah has been one of the few states of the Union important in the manufacture of beet sugar. Since soil, climate, irrigation, and labor conditions are favorable to the crop, it is probable that …

Circular No. 35 - Licensed Stallions In Utah During The Season Of 1918, W. E. Carroll

UAES Circulars

The operations of the State Board of Horse Commissioners have been somewhat restricted during the season just closed, due to many of the Deputy Veterinarians having entered the service of the War Department. Being thus handicapped, the Board has been unable to cover the State as completely as was desired or to respond to calls immediately in all cases.

During this season it has not been necessary to refuse a single license because of the unsoundness of the animal involved. This is a marked improvement over the condition' reported last season when it was necessary to refuse licenses to eleven …

Circular No. 38 - Legislation Concerning Water-Rights, O. W. Israelsen

UAES Circulars

The proper utilization of the agricultural resources of the West is today of greater importance than ever before. It is estimated that not more than 10 per cent of the total area of the West can be irrigated when every drop of available water is economically utilized. In Utah alone there are approximately twelve million acres of arable land, only one million acres of which are now irrigated. Moreover, it is likely that the fullest development that can be made through the most economical use of the total water supply in Utah, will make possible the irrigation of only three …

Circular No. 39 - A Day At The Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, M. C. Merrill, O. W. Israelsen, Byron Alder

UAES Circulars

From the days when Indian chieftains with their hostile bands roamed the sagebrush areas of Utah down to the present, nature's forces have been subdued by many a daring and successful conquest thru the intelligence and unyielding perseverance of Utah's pioneers. Since its establishment, the energies of the Agricultural Experiment Station have been directed toward a continuance of this conquest.

Bulletin No. 165 - Labor Costs And Seasonal Distribution Of Labor On Irrigated Crops In Utah Valley, L. G. Connor

UAES Bulletins

This bulletin presents in tabular form the results of a detailed study of the labor cost of crop production, made in 1915. Principally in Utah Lake Valley, Utah, in connection with a study of farm management and farm profits in the Provo area, Utah Lake Valley. It is designed to bring out the weak as well as the strong points in the systems of farming followed. The seasonal distribution of labor is shown for each important crop and the times at which the different crops compete for labor are indicated. The bulletin is intended primarily for the use of farm …

Circular No. 32 - Feeding Farm Animals, W. E. Carroll

UAES Circulars

Our oldest history tells us that in the beginning man was given dominion "over the cattle, and over all the earth." This was of course only potentially possible at first, and could not be realized until man developed and exercised his intelligence to this end. What, then, does it mean to have dominion over the cattle? Is this not merely to control them and direct their energies and productivity to the happiness of mankind? Surely this is so, and that man has greatest dominion who can control them most completely for the good of the race.

Circular No. 33 - A Method Of Feeding Orphan Lambs, W. E. Carroll

UAES Circulars

One of the big preventable losses of the Western sheep business at the present time is the orphan lamb. There are a number of conditions, anyone of which may result in a motherless lamb; the ewe may die (this probably does not occur in a large number of cases) ; a mother may refuse to claim one of a pair of twins or even a single lamb; mother and lamb may become separated by the ordinary moving about of the band of ewes and the ewe thereby loses the scent of the lamb.

The careful shepherd soon detects the orphans, …

Bulletin No. 164 - Factors Affecting The Depth Of Sowing Various Crops, F. S. Harris, H. J. Maughan

UAES Bulletins

Probably no agricultural practice varies more than the depth to which seeds are sown. Some farmers pay very little attention to depth, but simply allow the seed to be placed where the drill happens to penetrate. The percentage germination of the seed as well as the vigor of the young plants is without doubt influenced by the depth of sowing, and certainly these factors are very important in determining the yield of crops.

Bulletin No. 163 - Composition Of The Irrigation Waters Of Utah, J. E. Greaves, C. T. Hirst

UAES Bulletins

Analytical work which has so far been published on the composition of the irrigation waters of the Intermountain Region indicates a wide variation in their composition. Some are exceptionally pure, being nearly free from alkali, and may be used without fear of injury to soils; others contain larger quantities of alkali and must be used with care; still others are so heavily charged with soluble salts that they must be used with extreme caution, otherwise the growing crop will be injured and in time the soil rendered unfit for agricultural purposes. The land then must be either reclaimed or abandoned, …

Bulletin No. 162 - A Quick Method Of Obtaining Accurate Individual Egg Records Without The Trap Nest, Byron Alder, A. D. Egbert

UAES Bulletins

The power or ability of a hen to lay a large number of eggs or the lack of that power or ability resulting in few or no eggs is not confined to the individuals of anyone breed or flock. Feeding, housing, and general care of the fowls are not the only causes of low production in certain individuals. It is often in the makeup of the hen herself; she could not be a heavy layer under any condition. High and low producers are found in every flock.

An accurate method of obtaining the daily individual records of each bird is …

Circular No. 31 - The Alfalfa Weevil (Phytonomus Posticus Fab.), Harold R. Hagan

UAES Circulars

The alfalfa weevil is rapidly spreading over the entire alfalfa-growing areas of the western states. Its injury to the alfalfa crop still aggregates an enormous sum annually. This is due to the fact that each year it is extending its attack into new territory. Control measures adopted by the farmers are reducing its injury in the treated fields. Many farmers are now cutting more alfalfa in the weevil-infested districts than before the appearance of this pest because of adopting better cultural methods as outlined in Bulletin No. 110 and Circular 10 of this station. Both of these publications are now …

Circular No. 30 - The Codling Moth (Carpocapsa Pomonella L.), Harold R. Hagan

UAES Circulars

The Utah Experiment Station bulletins originally published, outlining satisfactory methods for reducing injury by the codling moth, are no longer available for distribution. This circular. contains in briefer form the essential information for controlling the pest.

Circular No. 29 - The Control Of Rodent Pests: Directions For Killing Ground Squirrels, Pocket Gophers, Rabbits, And Field Mice, Charles J. Sorenson

UAES Circulars

Rodent pests cause heavy damage to the crops of Utah. The four most destructive of these pests are ground squirrels, pocket gophers, rabbits, and field mice.

The most effective method for the destruction of these animal pests is the use of poisoned baits. A very important factor in their control is the natural enemies.

The formulae recommended in the following pages have been, and are now being, used with excellent success in this and neighboring states.

Circular No. 28 - Contagious Abortion In Mares And Cows, H. J. Frederick

UAES Circulars

Contagious abortion is a cause of great loss to the stock growers of Utah. There is an urgent demand from nearly all parts of this State for information relative to this disease. In an effort to satisfy this demand a few facts regarding the disease as they are now known are here presented. It is not the purpose of this circular to report original research, but merely to describe the disease as it exists among animals in this State. The causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and methods of combating and controlling this great menace to the livestock industry are all considered.

Circular No. 26 - Storing Vegetables For Winter, M. C. Merrill

UAES Circulars

The storing of vegetables for winter use has come to be important. The joys of having a large variety of choice garden produce available for the table at any time are no longer confined to growing season. Because we are thrifty today and plan for the morrow, we gather our crops in the fall and store them for winter use.

In spite of its importance, comparatively little research work has been done on the problems of storage. AS a result we are still employing many of the same methods that were devised by our forefathers, except in the case of …

Bulletin No. 161 - Orchard Heating, Frank L. West, N. E. Edlefsen

UAES Bulletins

In the state of Utah scarcely a year passes without some damage being done to farm crops, either in the spring or the fall, because of the occurrence of killing frosts. For example, in the spring of 1916 the tops of the young beets were frozen, about one-fourth of the grain of the northern part of the state was frozen, the yield of the first crop of alfalfa was about half normal and 90 per cent of the fruit of the state was destroyed. During the month when fruit buds are in bloom, the report of the U. S. Weather …

Bulletin No. 160 - Important Factors In The Operation Of Irrigated Utah Farms, E. B. Brossard

UAES Bulletins

Two agricultural problems that are fundamental and of prime importance to the people of Utah are:

1. The development to maximum economic agricultural production of those farms now operated.

2. The agricultural development of the many thousands of acres of new land in the state.

A realization of the importance of these problems caused this investigation to be made. The purpose of it is as follows :

1. To determine what has been the experience of practical farmers, relative to the most profitable systems of farm management on irrigated Utah farms, and to suggest profitable future development of the existing …

Bulletin No. 158 - Soil Moisture Studies Under Dry-Farming, F. S. Harris, J. W. Jones

UAES Bulletins

Profitable cultivation of land under dry-farm conditions is dependent on the efficient use of precipitation. Soil fertility is not at present the limiting factor in crop production on most arid lands, but insufficient moisture to make available the fertility of these dry-lands is not only a limiting factor, but in most cases the controlling factor in crop production. The rainfall in the principal dry-farming areas of Utah varies from 12 to 15 inches a year. During different years it may range from 10 to 22 inches; therefore the best use must be made of the water that falls.

Bulletin No. 159 - Soil Moisture Studies Under Irrigation, F. S. Harris, A. F. Brakcen

UAES Bulletins

Under normal precipitation the variety of crops which can be successfully grown in the West is limited. Of necessity, irrigation was practised and with it came many complex problems. The water requirements of different crops, the water-holding capacity of soils, the movement of soil moisture, and numerous other related problems have given themselves up for investigational work.

Bulletin No. 157 - The Irrigation Of Potatoes, F. S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

Very few field crops yield as large returns to the acre as do potatoes during favorable years, and but few crops are as greatly affected in quality and yield by soil and seasonal conditions. The potato is particularly sensitive to soil moisture. For this reason yields under irrigation, where the moisture can be controlled, are usually much higher than where the moisture supply is irregular.

Bulletin No. 155 - The Beet Leafhopper And The Curly-Leaf Disease That It Transmits, E. D. Ball

UAES Bulletins

The beet leafhopper (Eutettix tenella Baker), is the most serious pest of the western sugar beet. It has through the disease it tranmits caused periodic losses to the western sugarbeet industry, amounting in the aggregate to many millions of dollars. Curly-leaf, the disease which this insect transmits, has in some of its worst outbreaks caused the abandonment of thousands of acres of beets in certain districts and a serious reduction in tonnage of the remainder, so that the total loss in a single area has several times passed the million-dollar mark. Besides these striking and widespread outbreaks which fortunately have …

Bulletin No. 156 - The Irrigation Of Sugar Beets, F. S. Harris

UAES Bulletins

The sugar beet crop during the last few years has come to be one of the most important sources of income for farmers in many sections of the country. The fact that the sale for the crop is certain at a price that is known in advance, in addition to the high type of farming that usually accompanies sugar beet raising, makes it probable that the sugar beet area will be considerably extended during the next few years.

Bulletin No. 150 - Further Studies Of The Nitric Nitrogen Content Of The Country Rock, Robert Stewart, William Peterson

UAES Bulletins

The progress of the work upon the general problem of the origin of the nitre spots in certain western soils has presented several different points of view. The fact that certain spots in western cultivated soils were rich in nitrates was first observed by Hilgard who attributed their accumulation to the more rapid nitrification of the organic matter of the soil in the warm arid climate of the west when the moisture limit was removed by irrigation.

Bulletin No. 153 - Selecting Dairy Bulls By Performance, W. E. Carroll

UAES Bulletins

Success in any system of breeding requires that each generation approach more nearly the object in view than has all preceding generations. Such progress is possible only when proper judgment is exercised and the best methods employed. In cattle breeding, for economic reasons, the bull is usually expected to contribute more to this general improvement than is the cow. To make this possible, the bull must therefore have been subjected to more rigid selection than the cow in order to eliminate more of his undesirable characters. If he contains few undesirable characters, from the breeding standpoint, he must of necessity …

Circular No. 25 - Preserving Eggs For The Home, Byron Alder

UAES Circulars

The preserving of eggs in the home from the spring when they are so plentiful until fall and winter when they are so scarce, is by no means a new practice. Only a very few, however, are taking advantage of this practice and the full benefits are by no means being derived. During the past winter the high cost of eggs has brought this fact out very forcibly in some of the rural districts as well as in the larger cities where the price for a considerable time was from 50 to 60 cents a dozen and only a limited …

Bulletin No. 154 - Irrigation And Manuring Studies Ii: The Effect Of Varying Quantities Of Irrigation Water And Manure On The Growth And Yield Of Corn, F. S. Harris, D. W. Pittman

UAES Bulletins

The present bulletin describes the results of an experiment on the irrigation and manuring of corn for the six years from 1911 to 1916, inclusive. The first three years' results of this experiment have already been published as Bulletin No. 133 of this Station. Besides the material discussed in that publication the present bulletin contains data on the composition of corn here presented for the first time.

Circular No. 24 - Licensed Stallions In Utah During The Season Of 1916, W. E. Carroll

UAES Circulars

The State Board of Horse Commissioners, during the season of 1916, was able to cover the State more thoroughly than has ever been possible before. Because of this greater activity and more complete canvass the number of licensed stallions and jacks in this report is greater than before. During the season of 1916 there were in force 420 licenses a against 289 for 1915.