Agricultural Science Commons^™

Utilisation D'Un Herbometre A Plateau Pour Estimer L'Herbe Disponible Sur Une Prairie De Fetuque Elevee Paturee En Continu Par Des Ovins, Sophie Prache, Camille Duby, A Froment

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La principale source d'erreur dans !'estimation de la masse d'herbe presente sur une parcelle provient de la variabilite intraparcelle. L'utilisation de l'herbometre a plateau permet de resoudre en partie ce probleme (Michell, 1982; Mac Intyre, 1978). De nombreux auteurs montrent son interet pour !'esti­mation de l'herbe offerte avant paturage, sur ray-grass, dactyle, ray-grass + trefle blanc et prairie naturelle. Par contre, certains resultats obtenus en paturage tournant semblent montrer que son interet est plus aleatoire des que le paturage a commence. II existe peu de references en paturage continu. Nous avons voulu tester cette methode sur une autre espece (fetuque …

Perennite Des Associations Ray-Grass Anglais- Trefle Blanc En Bretagne, Francoise Vertes, J F. Annezo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

En Bretagne, l'association ray-grass anglais - trefie blanc est une culture fourragere adaptee a un contexte de quotas laitiers et de diminution des couts de production: economies d'engrais azotes, maintien dans le temps d'une bonne qualite fourragere et souplesse d'exploitation (ITEB-EDE, 1986). Mais Ia produc­tion et la perennite (maintien dans le temps des capacites de production et de Ia composition botanique) des prairies mixtes varient plus que celles d'une graminee pure azotee, ce qui limite leur utilisation en elevage Iaitier. Pour mieux cerner Jes conditions de reussite des associations nous avons entrepris des etudes complementaires a differentes echelles :

* …

The Study Of Different Vegetations In Both East And West Sides Of Big Xingan Mountains Middle Section, Shao Cheng Wei, Chun-He Zhang, Guo-Jun Fend

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Big Xingan Mountains (BXM), which run from northeast to south-west with an elevation of 1,000-1,900 metres, on a total length of 1,300 kilometres, are situated in the northeast of China. The mountains can be divided into three parts according to their vegetation. The north part is forests, and the middle and south parts are forest steppe. About these areas, only a little research was done (Shao-cheng et al., 1985). Therefore, the basic theory study of grassland ecology and range science has been carried out in this paper in order to supply the basis for animal husbandry production.

Forest Glade Grassland Resources And Their Evaluation On The Daonganling Forest Region, An Baolin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Daxinganling is a greatest original coniferous forest region of cool temperate zone in north-east of China. We discovered cross distributive forest glade grassland, they can be used as forage for developing animal husbandry.

Phyton-Ecologie Et Potentialites Pastorales Un Exemple Concret De Moyenne Montagne Des Regions Temperees: Le Mont Lozere-France, M Godron, Li T. X, J Poissonet, R Sosa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La vegetation du mont Lozere connait depuis le debut du :xxe siecle une regression importante de la S.A.U., notamment des surfaces frequentees par les bovins et ovins. En conse­quence, !'evolution de la vegetation se traduit par l'envahisse­ment des pelouses par les ligneux et par une diminution de la valeur pastorale. Certains milieux sont etroitement dependants de l'action de l'homme (fauche, paturage, incendie, fumure, etc.), mais ii existe cependant des formations vegetales qui en sont affran­chies depuis quelques dizaines d'annees et qui suivent mainte­nant une evolution « naturelle » ; ce sont les pelouses et landes de l'etage subalpin a Nardus …

Temperate Native Grassland Evaluation Through An Inventory Of Soils Botanical Composition And History Of Use (Argentina), Monica G. Agnusdei, M B. Collantes, J Anchorena

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Flooding Pampa is a temperate 5 million ha. (Leon et al., 1984) region in the central-east of Argentina. Soils with high Na and/or salinity levels and low hydraulic conductivity in the B horizon along with periodic droughts and floodings define the principal characteristics and ecological constraints of the region. Little information is available that relates soils and veg­etation. Understanding this relationship along with anthropic disturbances impact upon it and its components is essential to grassland management and future research. The purposes of this work were: to evaluate soils variability; to identify sites at paddock scale as related to edaphic …

New Vegetation Map And Grassland Resource Of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, Cui Haiting, Young Shipeng, Li Bo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Inner Mon��olia autonomous region covers a total area of 1.15 million km . It has 80 million hectares of natural grass­ land which makes up 68 .41 % of the whole autonomous region. It is an important base of animal husbandry in our country. This new map (on the scale of 1:1,500,000) is based on data provided by visual interpretation of LANDSAT MSS, TM, RBV imageries and collection in field surveys. This map is one of the series maps which reflect different natural conditions of Inner Mongolia. The other maps are also made mainly through LANDSAT imagery visual interpretation. …

Grassland Evalaution And Management System In The Carpathian Regions Of Czechoslovakia, V Krajcovic

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are many accesses towards the evaluation and classifi­cation of grasslands. Ecological and physiognomic botanical principles were used in the inventory and classification of grasslands in Czechoslovakia (1967 - 1974). Inventory material from Carpathian regions (Motycka, 1975) is not now topical in consequence of the new integration of agricultural coopera­tives. In spite of it we tried to use the inventory as well as the results of some long-term trials for practical classification and system of grassland management.

The Economic Groups Of Grassland Plants In Xinjiang, Xu Peng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The research in classifying the economic group of grassland plants according to their economic value is quite significant to the grassland management. Yield, feed quality and geographic distribution - the three factors reflecting the economic value of grassland plants - are controlled by ecobiological and form anatomical characteri­stics. We consider that to classify the economic groups of grass­land plants based on plant life-form by combining with taxo­nomic family group is the most appropriate conclusion of influential factors, and adopt a two degree classifying system -

group and subgroup. Group : On the basis of Keller's lifeforms - tree, bush, semibush, …

Etude Agrostologique Des Parcours Naturels Du Sud-Borgou (Rep. Pop. Benin), M Kreis, J Lejoly, B Sinsin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

L\:tude s'est deroulee de septembre a novembre 1987 dans Jes districts de Kalale et Nikki, representant une surface d'envi­ron ., 000 km2. Cc travail a pour objectif une etude comparative des par­cours de la region afin de recueillir Jes informations necessaires a unc amelioration qualitative et une meilleure gestion des p,1turages naturels. L \:chantillonnage des milieux d'etude s'est fait a !'aide des photographies aeriennes de la zone, selon deux criteres: - le type physionomique de la vegetation oil on distingue Jes jeuncs jacheres de 1 a 2 ans, Jes vieilles jacheres de 5 a 6 ans et Jes sa vanes …

Vegetational Survey Of Management Pastures In New Zealand, T.R O. Field

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Much of New Zealand's improved grassland was first sown between 1880 and 1920 during a period of extensive forest clearance and bush burning. Economic signals encouraged further periods of expansion until the early 1980's. Although good statistics exist covering the expansion of improved grasslands, Hilgendorf (1935) and Madden (1940) provided the only extensive information about the floristic make-up of established pastures. They mapped the grasslands of the South and North Islands respectively, with Madden esti­mating the area of his various pasture types. In the 50 years since this work agriculture has intensified with the advent of aerial topdressing and the …

Typologie Des Prairies Permanentes Du Plateau Lorrain, S Plantureux, R Bonischot, A Guckert

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Au cours des dix dernieres annees, des etudes successives nous ont amene a effectuer plus de 700 releves floristiques sur Jes prairies permanentes du plateau lorrain. Une synthese de ces travaux a ete realisee afin de confirmer une premiere typologie proposee en 1979 (Zangiacomi et al., 1980), et surtout de poser Jes principes d'une methode de diagnostic de !'etat de la prairie permanente et de pronostic de son evolution potentielle.

Classification, Improvement And Use Of Low Mountain And Hill Grassland In Changbai Mountain System, Gao Zhongqi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Climate, soil and distribution of animal and plants display clear « Vertical zone» nature in the area of Changbai Mountains. Various types of grassland are distributed under the elevation of 500 metres in the area. The grasslands should be improved and their productivity needs to increase.

Etude Phyto Et Agro-Ecologique Des Formations Herbacees De Corse, Florence Volaire

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Les formations herbacees spontanees, qui representent en Corse de faibles superficies, constituent la base de l'alimenta­tion des troupeaux en libre parcours (Volaire, 1984). Notre premier objectif a ete de typer et de caracteriser cette ressource vegetate au niveau regional, premiere etape avant de pouvoir etudier les potentiels et les modalites d'amelioration pastorale de ces milieux.

Productivite Et Valeur Bromatologique Des Paturages Des Plateaux Bateke (Zaire), N Basaula, J Lejoly

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La region des plateaux Bateke a deja fait l'objet de nombreu­ses etudes botaniques (Duvigneaud, 1953). La plupart de ces travaux ant surtout privilegie !es aspects phytosociologiques et fioristiques de ces savanes. Par ailleurs, quelques recherches zootechniques ont ete realisees par l'INEAC sur le Plateau du Kwango (Druet, 1958). Tout compte fait, ii subsiste une carence sur la connaissance de ces savanes, precisement au point de vue de !'exploitation pastorale. L'etude de la producti­vite et de la valeur bromatologique des paturages naturels et du paturage artificiel a Brachiaria ruziziensis a ete l'une de nos preoccupations. Ces donnees devront permettre de mieux …

The Marsh Grassland And Herbage On Ruoergai Plateau In China, Lang Hui-Qing, Chen Shu-Yun

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ruoergai plateau is located at an altitude from 3,600 to 4,000 metres above sea level in the northeast part of the Tibet pla­teau. In mountains and hills on the plateau are distributed subalpine meadows and the community of Kobresia tibetica and weeds. In the river valley, wide valley and the depression around lake rim among hills is distributed continuous marsh grassland with the area of 300 thousands ha., which is the main pasture on the plateau and the largest marsh grassland of plateau-type in China.

Compilation And Study Of Grassland Resource Map Of China (Scale- 1: 1,000,000), Su Daxue

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

For compilation of Grassland Ressource Map of China (GRMC), it was necessary first of all to collect reliable data which is accurate and fairly up-to-date. A national standard of grassland classification and legend system must be worked out. Content, method and level of representation must be made standard. Criteria must be set for integration, inclusions or omissions in the map units. China's vast grasslands stretch over areas totalling 1,5 billion hectares. No standard survey had been carried out before. Basic data and maps needed for compilation of GRMC on scale 1 : 1,000,000 was lacking. Thus beginning in 1979, large­scale …

Soil Cover, Land Evaluation And Protection In Inner Mongolia, Li Tianjie, Zhao Ye

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The compilation of 1:1, 500,000 soil map oflnner Mongolia by using visual interpretation of Landsat images (MSS, TM, RBV) is one of the important parts of the application project of remote sensing to the investigation of the grassland resources in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Only by using visual intepretation of Landsat images could the soil map covering the area of more than one million square kilometers be compiled completely in three years. Landsat images comprehensively reveal soil types or soil association and their ecological environmental characteristics. Therefore, by using colours, texture and patterns of the remote sensing images, …

A Study Of Surface Water Resources And Grassland Environment In The Inner Mongolia With Remotely Sensed Method, Chen Qinluan, Xiang Jiangbo, Wang Huihui, Pan Tao

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The characteristics of runoff yield in the soil surface of a drainage basin and the distribution of surface water resources in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have been studied in detail with remote sensing in recent years. This study aims at offering some scientific evidences to adjust the structure ofland use in the cross-area of agriculture and animal husbandry and more reasonably to locate the bases for agriculture and husbandry.

Monitoring Of Weed Infestation Of Grasslands Using Landsat Data, T Akiyama, Y Yamagata, M Saibayama, H Hayashi, H Fujita

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pennisetum alopecuroides Spreng is one of the most aggress­ive weeds of tame pastures in the Aso district, which often causes the deterioration of the grasslands. It is thus important to develop methods of analysis of the weed dynamics in real time and techniques for effective weed control. Hayashi et al. (1986) observed that cutting carried out in September was the most effective method to prevent the growth of the weed. How­ever, the vegetation survey methods currently used cannot monitor sudden changes of grassland vegetation over wide areas. Remote sensing is one of the promising techniques for moni­toring grasslands where the …

Using Landsat Images For Grassland Mapping In The Inner-Mongolia Of China, Mao Zan-You

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are about 900 000 km2 grassland in Inner-Mongolia including meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe. It is the major basis of herbivorous animal products - beef, mutton, milk and leather (Fig. 1). Grassland research had been made many times in Inner­Mongolia region. Because the area is so vast that it needs ten more years to accomplish a general survey of grassland only applying satellite data can supply the macroscopic thematic maps for basic construction of grassland in shorter time. Besides supplying feed to the animals, the grassland has the important action for the improvement of regional environ­ment, water …

Utilisation De La Teledetection Pour Reconnaitre Et Cartographier Les Types De Prariries Permanentes, M Benoit, Colette Girard, E Vaubernier

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Les statistiques concernant les prairies sont souvent decevan­tes pour repondre aux questions posees par les agronomes. Ainsi les seules distinctions actuelles sont : prairies artificielles, prairies temporaires de 5 ans et moins et superficies toujours en herbe. En particulier, aucun element decrivant les pratiques mises en ceuvres ou les niveaux de production n'est accessible par ces sources. Nous avons etabli les liaisons entre les etats de vegetation et leurs determinants d'une part, et entre ces etats de vegetation et des reponses spectrales d'autre part. Les 39 parcelles de prairies choisies pour leur diversite ont ete regroupees en 9 classes, selon …

The Application Of Remote Sensing To Grassland Resource Survey Of The Counties In China, Chang Xiao-Guo, Xia Jing-Xin, Chia Shen-Siu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The application of remote sensing techniques to grassland resource surveys of the counties is a key task and will play a significant role in the rational use of grassland resources. Since 1980, we have mainly studied the application of visual interpretation techniques to the surveys on 18 countries, Inner Mongolia and Hebei Provinces, in the north of China. Comprehensively utilizing several remote sensing materials, quantitatively analysing the samples with mathematical stat­ i��tics, a method of remote sensing survey, which is compara­tively faster, more economical, easier for extension and suitable for the county-level surveys, has been found. An example of the …

Special Enhancements Using Noaa Satellite Data To Evaluate Grasslands Of Western Canada, H Mccartney, J Whiting, J Polson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The grazing and hay lands of Saskatchewan, a Province in western Canada, extend from the wide open short grass prairie of the south to the northern roughland bush pastures of the Aspen Parkland (Populus tremuloides). These areas total 7,853,000 ha. This study is part of a continuing effort directed towards the development of operational remote sensing analysis techniques for the estimation of grazing conditions in both native and seeded pastures in Saskatchewan. Multi-spectral remotely sensed data from satellites has proven useful in assessing crop vigour. In most cases, where drought assessment or monitoring was required, large land areas were involved …

Land Use And Land Degredation In Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, By Means Of Remote Sensing, Zhao Ji, Fan Weihong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is located in northern Chi:t).a and characterized by a semi-arid climate. Most of the area is used as pasture land, although a small part in the south is used as agricultural land to meet the need of food for the r��sidents. In recent years, the land is becoming degradated and its _environment becoming more sensitive to the climatic changes and the influence of human activity than it was before. This is, in part, due to the original productive pattern and irrational utilization of land. In this stu��y, remote sensing technique which is a very effec­. …

A Preliminary Study On The Relationships Between Biomass And Environmental Factors In Natural Grassland In Hulunbeir, Pan Xueqing, Li Zhangchum, Lu Xinlong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The seasonal dynamic state of the above ground biomass (or herbage mass) of four main types of natural grassland were studied in Hulunbeir grassland. The four types were meadow steppe, Aneurolepidium chinense + Stipa grandis steppe, Aneurolepidium chinense steppe and tussock - small semi - shrubs steppe. The results of the research show that the herbage mass of all four types have strong positive correlations with the monthly accumulated temperature, mean temperature, and precipitation of the preceding month. Water is a major limiting factor to primary production in Hulunbeir grassland. This paper reports on the relationship between seasonal state of …

The Grassland Vegetation Structure, Productivity And Its Dynamics Of Ningxia, Guo Sijia, Xing Zhongzhi, Chen Yizhong, Li Kechang, Zhang Dongsheng, Ma Doucai

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is situated in the semi-arid areas of northwest China, with an elevation of 1 100 m-2 200 m. The annual mean temperature is 7-9°C, the annual mean precipitation and evaporation are 118-660 mm and 1 400-2 400 mm respectively and the total hours of sunshine is 2 200-3 100 in a year (Guo Sijia et al., 1985). As Ningxia is located in the transitional section from semi-humid to semi-arid areas, there are multivarious types of native grass­land in the region, but the zonal grasslands types are the steppe, desert-steppe and desert. During 1982-1986, observation stations …

Sociabilities, Morphologie Et Valeurs Nutritives Des Vegetations Prairiales, J M. Dorioz, Ph Fleury, B Jeannin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Les especes dominantes des prairies presentent souvent une grande plasticite phenotypique dont les manifestations les plus spectaculaires au plan fourrager sont les changements du port, du volume relatif des organes et de la phenologie (Hedin, 1945; Hayne, 1983). L'amplitude de ces variations dans une meme region est mal connue. On peut done se demander dans quelle mesure elles remettent en cause la valeur indicatrice habituelle­ment attribuee a ce type d'especes, en outre, s'il n'est pas utile de chercher a codifier la morphologie des dominantes, pour ameliorer les diagnostics agronomiques. Ce texte contient des reflexions autour de ces themes. 11 s'ap­puie …

Croissance Printainiere De La Prairire Permanente En Lorraine Dans Deux Petites Region Naturelles (Plateau Lorrain - Chatenois/ Bassigny), A Benoit-Kung

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Inspires des travaux de Lemaire, Salette et Laissus (Lemaire et al., 1982), Jes essais presentes ici ont pour objectif l'elabora­tion d'un modele de croissance de la prairie permanente, appli­que aux conditions semi-continentales des plaines de l'Est de la France. Afin de tester la variabilite inter regionale d'un tel modele, Jes essais ont ete implantes dans deux types de sols contrastes, les conditions climatiques etant identiques sur Jes deux secteurs. Cette demarche vise a l'etablissement de conseils aux agriculteurs en matiere de gestion de la fumure azotee en sortie d'hiver, sur prairies permanentes intensifiees.

Mapping Herbage Accumulation For The Hunter Region Of Australia Using Climatic Analysis, Growth Indices And Field Experiments, M J. Hill, M F. Hutchinson, A C. Kirby

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Date on monthly and annual pasture production for use in farm budgeting, in farm management models and at the core of expert systems are rare for large areas of the Australian pas­toral zone, and for large areas of the world. We have sought here to demonstrate a method of .overcoming this problem by the development of maps of annual and seasonal herbage accumulation for several types of improved pasture in the Hunter Region using comprehensive climatic data, a simple growth model (Fitzpatrick and Nix, 1975) and a small plot pasture trial at Scone (32°S).