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Articles 1381 - 1410 of 14771
Full-Text Articles in Agricultural Science
A Study On The Importance Of Forage Trees On The Native Grazing Land, E Bin Quan
A Study On The Importance Of Forage Trees On The Native Grazing Land, E Bin Quan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Inner Mongolia grassland has a rather simple management and low production. Artificial pasture covers 0.08 % of the total grassland, the output value of animal husbandry is only 24 % of that of agriculture. In 1984, 13.66 kg beef and mutton, 20.8 kg cow and sheep milk, 4.8 kg fine hair were produced for a hundred mu grassland(]). Herbivore value was RMB 82 Yuan. Because of coldness and shortage of forage, during the period of 1952-1985 there was a total livestock loss of 81.000.000 and per sheep lossed weight of 5 kg every winter and spring. In the heavy snowfall …
Grassland Improvement And N Fertilization Management Of Woodland In Korea, S Seo, Y C. Han, M S. Park
Grassland Improvement And N Fertilization Management Of Woodland In Korea, S Seo, Y C. Han, M S. Park
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The 66 % of total national land is forest in Korea. Among them potential area for grassland is estimated as over 1.0 million ha. Therefore, the grassland development on woodland has become an important issue for forage production. Generally shade is a limiting factor in forage production beneath a canopy of trees. Yields of forages decreased with increasing shade. Also shading by standing trees may contribute to toxic level of nitrate nitrogen (NO3 -N) and reduction of sugar propuction in forages (Stritzke et al., 1976). N fertilization on woodland pasture was very benefic for increasing grass yield and protein yield. …
Structure And Function Of The Central Himalayan Alpine Grassland, India, J Ram, S P. Singh
Structure And Function Of The Central Himalayan Alpine Grassland, India, J Ram, S P. Singh
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Extensive alpine and sub-alpine pastures occur in Central Himalaya (28-31° N lat. and 79-81° E long.) at 3.000-4.500 rn. There is a notable lack of quantitative information on high mountain grasslands in India. During the snow-free surnrner period (May to September), graziers both from plains and hills stay in these meadows to graze their sheep, horses and cattle. The primary objective of this study was to quantify the structure and productivity of Himalayan alpine grassland and compare the same with alpine sites distributed elsewhere and those of the adjacent Gangetic plains.
Types Of Mountainous Grassland And Their Economic Assessment Of Productivity In The Southern Part Of Gansu Province Of China, Wang Chingjui
Types Of Mountainous Grassland And Their Economic Assessment Of Productivity In The Southern Part Of Gansu Province Of China, Wang Chingjui
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The mountainous grassland in the southern part of Gansu province of China, which is located between 33°06'-35°29'N and 101 °60' -103°E, lies on the northeastern border land of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau. On the north, it is contigiuous to loess plateau, on the south it borders on Chuan-xi plateau. The eastern part of the grassland belongs to Lung-nan mountainous area. The terrain of the region slopes from south to north. On the south of the area, stand Ji-shi mountains, in the middle and on the north stand Xi-qin mountains. The large part of the region is 3.000 metres above sea level. …
Interest Of Traditional Practices To Improve Grassland Fertility In The Central Pyrenees, G Balent, M Duru
Interest Of Traditional Practices To Improve Grassland Fertility In The Central Pyrenees, G Balent, M Duru
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the Central Pyrenees, the decline of agriculture has led to the transformation of fields into grasslands. The study of the dynamic of this secundary succession has shown the importance of residual soil fertility and grazing pressure on the botanical composition of plots (Balent & Duru, 1984). The actuals trends of evolution consist in a general decrease of soil fertility and, an irregular distribution of grazing pressure, the free-ranging animals selecting, during winter and early spring, the sites of higher fertility (Balent, 1986). From the mineral and botanical compositions of the vegetation, we examine the interest of three traditional management …
The Effect Of Management On Floristic Composition And Production On Species-Rich Hay Meadows, A Garcia, I Navascues
The Effect Of Management On Floristic Composition And Production On Species-Rich Hay Meadows, A Garcia, I Navascues
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The old viewpoint that man and his influences are harmful to nature conservation has been proved that it is not necessarilly so. This fact is especially true in the species-rich hay meadow communities of Northern Spain. These old meadows can be defined by their traditional management which have not change for centuries and variety of plants and animals they have. These communities were originated by the first inhabitants who cleared the woodlands and could not be able to exist without the influence of man. Traditional management varies in detail throughout the area depending of the landowner, annual variation in climate …
Evaluation On Vegetation And Forage Plant Resources In Tan Sheep Distributing Area, Chen Yi E
Evaluation On Vegetation And Forage Plant Resources In Tan Sheep Distributing Area, Chen Yi E
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tan sheep, a Mongolian sheep branch, famous for its fur products, is a fine variety distributed in northwestern China. It has a narrow eco-adaptation range concentrated in Ningsia Autonomous and the neighbouring regions. The special genetic characters and the position in sheep feeding of Tan sheep have long been attracting both Chinese and foreign animal husbandrists and ecologists to study. The genetic and distribution characters concerned with fur product quality have been reviewed by Cui et al. (1962), Li (1964), Shen and Di (1979). This paper deals mainly with the distinction of vegetation type and characters of forage plant resources …
The Impact Of Utilization On A Cortaderia Pilosa (Whitegrass) Pasture In Terms Of Production, Botanical Composition And Tiller Dynamics, A B. Davies, Janet Riley, Rosie Poultney, A O. Carter
The Impact Of Utilization On A Cortaderia Pilosa (Whitegrass) Pasture In Terms Of Production, Botanical Composition And Tiller Dynamics, A B. Davies, Janet Riley, Rosie Poultney, A O. Carter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Cortaderia pilosa (Whitegrass) pastures cover an estimated 60 % of the land area in the Falkland Islands (Davies et al., 1971). Utilization levels are low as grazing sheep demonstrate preferences for other species. To evaluate the impact of increasing utilization levels on both the sheep and the pasture a grazing trial was carried out at Fox Bay, a dry site (400 mm mean rainfall) on West Falkland (52 degrees south, 60 degrees west). This paper reports on the botanical aspects of the first three years of this trial.
Determination Of The Forage Yield And Quality Of Native Hay At 3 Different Growth Stages At Syangboche Yak Farm, Nepal, D Pariyar, C Samuel
Determination Of The Forage Yield And Quality Of Native Hay At 3 Different Growth Stages At Syangboche Yak Farm, Nepal, D Pariyar, C Samuel
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The Syangboche Yak Farm is situated within the Sagarmatha National Park in the district of Solukhumbu, eastern Nepal. The farm comprises 7 pasture areas stituated at different locations ranging from 3700 m. to 5700 m. The total farm area is 900 ha. and the pastures, situated at different heights, are used for grazing during specific periods of the month extending throughout the year. The size of the pastures varies from 15 to 250 ha. About 80 yaks pass their winters from November to May every year on a small pasture area of 15 ha at the farm proper at 3700 …
Effect Of Summer Management On The Dead Plants, Weed Development, Regrowth And Dry Matter Yield In Orchardgrass Meadow, S Seo, J K. Lee, S J. Hwang
Effect Of Summer Management On The Dead Plants, Weed Development, Regrowth And Dry Matter Yield In Orchardgrass Meadow, S Seo, J K. Lee, S J. Hwang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Many cool-season grasses undergo growth retardation during summer when climatic conditions are unfavorable. Actually, grass growth was very vigorous during spring, but pasture production was reduced rapidly through the summer season. Therefore, optimum pasture management during hot summer period is very important to maintain good regrowth of grasses and persistence of pasture in Korea. Cutting height is reported to be an important factor in determining regrowth. Close cutting reduced the stand of nitrogen (N) fertilized pasture (Griffith and Teel, 1965), especially in summer season. In some instances the dead plants have been attributed to a depletion of reserve carbohydrate. Also …
Increase In Productivity Of Natural Grasslands On Slopes, V V. Kolomeichenko
Increase In Productivity Of Natural Grasslands On Slopes, V V. Kolomeichenko
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Natural grasslands occupy 3 billion hectares of the world, i.e. more than twice the world's arable croplands. In many countries most of the grasslands are situated on the slopes of gullies, cone-shaped hills, foothills and mountains. The grass stands on these lands are thinning through free grazing, and pasture degradation brings about the development of erosional processes (McCloud, 1974). For example, in the central part of the Middle Russian forest-steppe zone, the arable lands occupy 59%, grasslands 12% and woodlands 18%. The relief is very indented, the absolute altitudes are 200-300 m above sea level. Leached chernozem top soil horizon …
Effects Of Seeding Rates And Seedbed Preparations On The Seedling Establishment And Yield Of Surface-Sown Pasture Species, Dong Am Kim, Sung Cheol Lee, Jong Kyeong Lee
Effects Of Seeding Rates And Seedbed Preparations On The Seedling Establishment And Yield Of Surface-Sown Pasture Species, Dong Am Kim, Sung Cheol Lee, Jong Kyeong Lee
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
During 1985-1986, approximately 74 % of grassland was improved by surface sowing using herbicides, burning, hoof cultivation and raking in Korea. At the same time the Korean government strongly recommended to use an excessively high seeding rate of pasture mixtures simply because deficiencies in establishment can be countered by increasing the seeding rate. Of the minimum seedbed preparation methods, herbicide treatment and hoof cultivations are well known as a promising method for surface sowing (Campbell et al., 1981 ; Kim et al., 1985), however, burning is still a matter of some controversy and also little is known concerning raking as …
Study On Scarification And Fertilization Of Degraded Chinese Wildrye Meadow Pasture, Chen Zisheng, Zhao Mingping
Study On Scarification And Fertilization Of Degraded Chinese Wildrye Meadow Pasture, Chen Zisheng, Zhao Mingping
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Chinese wildrye meadow pasture in west part of North-east China is one of the best grasslands in North China. Unfortunately, a serious degradation of the pasture has been caused by the unfavorable natural conditions such as drought, flooding, salt and alkali, and excessive utilization as well. Improving methods and machines have been studied and the result shows a practical prospect in West part of Jilin Province, China.
The Research Of The Rehabilitation Of Deteriotated Leymus Chinense Grasslands, Hu Ming-Ge, Lu Ping-Zhang, Wang Yu-Lin
The Research Of The Rehabilitation Of Deteriotated Leymus Chinense Grasslands, Hu Ming-Ge, Lu Ping-Zhang, Wang Yu-Lin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
There are vast zones of Leymus chinense grassland which are the type of grassland with high yield and good quality in Inner Mongolia and North-East of China. Since 1960's because of the overuse of the land and other natural factors this excellent grassland suffered from deterioration differently. The further development of animal husbandry was directly influenced. In order to prevent grassland deterioration, a series of techniques in renewing the grassland have been found out with notable economical results.
Adaptation And Production Of Some Forage Species On The White Clay Soils Of North Eastern China, Hu Jia Lu, J E. Winch
Adaptation And Production Of Some Forage Species On The White Clay Soils Of North Eastern China, Hu Jia Lu, J E. Winch
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grain corn, soybeans and wheat have been produced on the white clay soils of eastern Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China for about 40 years. Yearly plowing, cultivating and cropping led to a degradation in the physical and chemical properties of the heavy clay soil - a soil which constitutes 30 % of all the cultivated land in the region. This soil is characterized by a shallow loamy Ap horizon overlying a clay hard pan (Aw) (Zhang Zhi ui and Zhang Yuan fu, 1985). Forage crops have not been part of the rotation. To improve the soil physical …
Facteurs Ecologiques Limitants De La Prairie Pyreneenne Aragonaise, Cristina Chocarro, R Fanlo, F Fillat
Facteurs Ecologiques Limitants De La Prairie Pyreneenne Aragonaise, Cristina Chocarro, R Fanlo, F Fillat
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Dans tous !es systemes naturels la production est regulee par la capacite intrinseque des etres vivants et par !'ensemble des facteurs environnementaux qui !es conditionnent. Pour !es systemes prairiaux etudies ici, la capacite de croissance des especes depend de leur origine, qu'ils soient plus ou moins intensifies (taxons introduits et semes) ou bien qu'il s'agisse du fond floristique autochtone. Les facteurs environnementaux qui conditionnent la production sont : la pluviometrie annuelle, !'altitude, la temperature minimale printaniere, la situation geographique dans !es Pyrenees et la gestion. Dans ce travail nous evaluons !'influence de quelques-uns de ces facteurs au moment de la …
Importance Of Productive Grasslands In Protected Landscape Regions, Holecy Bohus
Importance Of Productive Grasslands In Protected Landscape Regions, Holecy Bohus
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grasslands, especially pastures, are often situated on extreme mountain sites in our country. Due to their botanical structure and natural production potential, they influence the ecological character of the region and give the impression of protected landscape. The aim is to preserve this specific character of the lanscape and on the other hand to look for the moderate grassland improvement and better utilization by nutrition and regular grazing. The untreated and non-utilized grasslands can lead to unfavourable changes of swards in the high localities. Therefore we tried to solve the moderate improvement of natural subalpine grasslands in the High Tatra …
The Dry Matter Yield Of Grass Cultivars In The Uplands Of Serbia, Z Tomic, M Stosic, D Colic
The Dry Matter Yield Of Grass Cultivars In The Uplands Of Serbia, Z Tomic, M Stosic, D Colic
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The arable lands in hilly and mountainous regions of Serbia are used mostly for production of cereals and potatoes. Since the soil are loose and situated on slopes they are seriously damaged by erosion. An earlier investigation (Radojevic and Stosic, 1980) of different grass-legume mixtures helped these mixtures to be accepted in practice and thus provided a double benefit : protecting the soil from erosion and providing larger quantities of livestock food. However, there are few results which refer to the possibilities of organizing continuous production during the vegetation period by introducing different species and their cultivars. The aim of …
Pasture Production And Quality In A Cool Oceanic Climate, H Bjornsson, J Hermannsson
Pasture Production And Quality In A Cool Oceanic Climate, H Bjornsson, J Hermannsson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Iceland cool oceanic climate prevails, as the geographic location extends from the polar circle to three degrees latitude to the south and the island is warmed by a branch of the Gulf stream. Animal production is the main agricultural activity and it relies on good conditions for grass growth. In the following we sumarize some recent experimental results on the production of herbage in Iceland.
Methods Of Establishment Of Improved Pastures In Steep, Non-Arable Alpine Lands Of Yunnan Province, China, Kui Jia-Xiang, R N. Glencross, Liu Huai, Chen Xiong
Methods Of Establishment Of Improved Pastures In Steep, Non-Arable Alpine Lands Of Yunnan Province, China, Kui Jia-Xiang, R N. Glencross, Liu Huai, Chen Xiong
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The alpine areas in Yunnan (alt. > 3 000 m) amount to about 10 % of the total land area in the province. (He et al., 1982) The main crops in this area are potatoes, oats and barley. The potential for livestock production is far greater than that for crop production, but steep slopes are cropped and erosion is an increasing problem. The pressure on the land from greater stock numbers grazing common land is leading to over grazing caused dominance by less palatable species, limited seeding and recruitment and severe seasonal shortages of quality feed. The native vegetation (once coniferous …
The Influence Of Environment And Fertilizers On The Yield And Floristic Composition Of Grasslands In Serbia, M Stosic, S. Mrfat-Vukelic, M Kojic
The Influence Of Environment And Fertilizers On The Yield And Floristic Composition Of Grasslands In Serbia, M Stosic, S. Mrfat-Vukelic, M Kojic
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Natural grasslands in Yugoslavia cover about 6.400.000 ha or 44,5 % of agricultural lands ; in Serbia 1.650.000 ha and 28,5 % respectively. Livestock feeding in lowlands is based on food which gained from p!oughlands (maize, lucerne, red clover, etc.) while in mountainous regions it is gained from grasslands. The aim of this investigation is to find out the possibilities of production and floristic changes of natural grasslands in dependence of mineral fertilizers in ecological conditions of Serbia (in the east of Yugoslavia).
Interseeding On Steppe And Abandoned Land In Inner Mongolia, Ma Zhi Guang
Interseeding On Steppe And Abandoned Land In Inner Mongolia, Ma Zhi Guang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Along with the population of livestock increased in recent years, the vegetation of steppe has been deteriorated under heavy grazing. Some species, which are very palatable for cattle or sheep, are rare or disappeared from the steppe vegetation. In order to recover the grassland vegetation and increase the primary production above ground, interseeding was used to improve the degraded steppe and abandoned land in semiarid regions of Inner Mongolia steppe.
A Multifactorial Evaluation Method Of The Forage Value In The Natural Rangelands West Jilin Of China, Wang Deli, Zhu Tingcheng
A Multifactorial Evaluation Method Of The Forage Value In The Natural Rangelands West Jilin Of China, Wang Deli, Zhu Tingcheng
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Evaluation of the forage germplasm resources needs not only to investigate species, distribution and development potentialities of forages but also to evaluate the forage value synthetically. Single or few factors affecting the forage value cannot reflect this value to a full extent. It is therefore essential to consider it in its entirety and to balance every important factor. The forage value depends on the feeding value (which depends mainly on forage nutrients, palatability, organic matter [DOM] digestibility) and on the productive value (which mainly depends on abundance and presence). This method consists to evaluate forages from quality characteristics of the …
Phytosociologie Et Estimation Des Resources Fourragres D'Un Territoire, Francoise Vertes
Phytosociologie Et Estimation Des Resources Fourragres D'Un Territoire, Francoise Vertes
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
L'estimation des ressources fourrageres d'un territoire passe par la connaissance de la quantite d'herbe produite, de sa disponibilite au cours du temps et clans l'espace, de sa qualite et enfin de la marge d'amelioration possible, en fonction des objectifs de production animale. L'ensemble de ces caracteristiques est raisonne par rapport a un potentiel, en termes d'optimum plutot que de maximum. La plupart des mesures agronomiques necessitant un travail important, ii est essentiel de pouvoir extrapoler !es resultats sur une base biologique fiable : en prairie permanente, la composition floristique. Les facteurs pedoclimatiques et !es modes d'exploitation selectionnent les especes vegetales …
Utilization Des Bio-Indicateurs Vegetaux Pour L'Evaluation Des Prairies, R Delphech
Utilization Des Bio-Indicateurs Vegetaux Pour L'Evaluation Des Prairies, R Delphech
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Le concept de bio-indicateur vegetal n'est pas nouveau : des plantes « indicatrices de fertilite » sont connues empiriquement depuis longtemps. C'est probablement Clements (1928) qui en a le premier presente une vision scientifique. Longtemps confine a la notion d'espece indicatrice, les progres des connaissances systematiques, ecologiques et phytosociologiques ont pennis d'etendre le concept non seulement a la plupart des especes, mais surtout a des groupes d'especes (groupes socioecologiques) ou meme a des ensembles de groupes socio-ecologiques structurant des groupements vegetaux definis. Au niveau specifique, la valeur informative d'un bio-indicateur est d'autant plus precise que l'amplitude de tolerance ecologique de …
Use Of Land Resource Assesment To Estimate Potential Fodder Outputs And Animal Support Capacities In Some Countries In West Africa, M A. Mohamed Saleem, H.T Van Velthuizen, R R. Von Kaufmann
Use Of Land Resource Assesment To Estimate Potential Fodder Outputs And Animal Support Capacities In Some Countries In West Africa, M A. Mohamed Saleem, H.T Van Velthuizen, R R. Von Kaufmann
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
To become agriculturally self sufficient in the shortest possible time many agricultural projects in African countries sought increased production as the only priority and disregarded sustainability. As limits to land productivity are set by soil, climate and applied inputs there are critical levels of animal and human populations which can be supported. Lack of understanding of the potential land productivity and human and animal support capacity has resulted in inappropriate land use and development targets. In order to be able to predict the agricultural future of Africa to the year 2.000 F AO (1976) began the Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZ) project …
Une Methode D'Etude Et De Classification Des Paturages De Savane, G Rippstein
Une Methode D'Etude Et De Classification Des Paturages De Savane, G Rippstein
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pour suivre !'evolution et la degradation des paturages naturels (savanes arbustives) du Plateau de l'Adamaoua, au centre du Cameroun, sous l'effet des feux, des chargements, de leur envahissement par les ligneux et des systemes d'exploitation, nous avons ete amenes a deveiopper une methode d'etude et de classification de ces paturages qui couvrent pres de 10 millions d'hectares. La methode recherchee devait etre precise et utilisee eventuellement par des non-specialistes en agro-pastoralisme et applicable sur toute la region. Elle nous a amene a definir une « valeur pastorale » des formations herbacees.
Using A Falling Disk Meter For Practical Estimates Of Herbage Mass, J T. Green Jr, J P. Mueller, J N. Rahmes
Using A Falling Disk Meter For Practical Estimates Of Herbage Mass, J T. Green Jr, J P. Mueller, J N. Rahmes
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Extension advisors and farmers in the USA have not usually attempted to quantify herbage mass when making grazing management decisions. Pasture height has been the primary way to decide when to start and when to stop grazing a paddock. Pasture height provides farmers with a simple basis for grazing management with a basis for grazing which considers regrowth rate and quality. However, it is not satisfactory when attempting to « budget » the feed supply or calculate intake. The most accurate method of estimating herbage mass is to cut, weigh and dry samples. Quadrat sampling of the pasture is a …
Les Releves Par Points Quadrats Alignes Et L'Analyse Multivariable Pour Le Suivi De La Valeur Pastorale Des Parcours Saheliens, G Boudet, A Gaston, Paulette Merigout, Fracoise Roy
Les Releves Par Points Quadrats Alignes Et L'Analyse Multivariable Pour Le Suivi De La Valeur Pastorale Des Parcours Saheliens, G Boudet, A Gaston, Paulette Merigout, Fracoise Roy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Le fonds prairial d'un parcours sahelien est constitue en majorite d'especes annuelles et la contribution de chacune d'elles varie avec l'ecologie du site mais aussi avec Jes variations de la pluviosite et le degre d'exploitation. Sa composition floristique peut etre estimee en fin de vegetation mais !'interpretation des resultats est delicate et la valeur des variations est difficile a estimer.
Etude De La Composition D'Une Association Trefle-Graminee Par Spectrometrie Proche Infrarouge, M Lila, V Furstoss, D Bertranf
Etude De La Composition D'Une Association Trefle-Graminee Par Spectrometrie Proche Infrarouge, M Lila, V Furstoss, D Bertranf
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
L'etude des prairies constituees de melange d'especes impose generalement de connaitre au cours du temps l'evolution de la composition de ce melange. Lorsqu'il s'agit de melange binaire graminee-legumineuse, la composition du melange varie enormement en fonction de la saison, du mode d'exploitation et de la fumure. La connaissance de cette evolution se fait par tri de prelevements nombreux. Ce travail est long, fastidieux et couteux. Nous avons tente de voir si, comme l'ont decrit Coleman et al. (1985) et Petersen et al. (1987), ii etait possible d'utiliser la spectrometrie proche infrarouge pour predire. la composition de ces melanges et quelle …