Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Pharmacology Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 1201 - 1230 of 3559

Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology

Antibiofilm Activity Of Cashew Juice Pulp Against Staphylococcus Aureus, High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detection And Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analyses, And Interference On Antimicrobial Drugs, M.V. Dias-Souza, Santos R.M. Dos, Siqueira E.P. De, P.H. Ferreira-Marçal Jul 2020

Antibiofilm Activity Of Cashew Juice Pulp Against Staphylococcus Aureus, High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detection And Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analyses, And Interference On Antimicrobial Drugs, M.V. Dias-Souza, Santos R.M. Dos, Siqueira E.P. De, P.H. Ferreira-Marçal

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections has evolved in recent years, as this species is a major Gram-positive pathogen associated with healthcare services. The antimicrobial resistance of this species raises an urgent need for new treatment strategies. Fruits play important nutritional and economic roles in society, but their biological and pharmacological features are poorly explored when compared to nonedible parts of plants such as barks and leaves. In this study, we show that the cashew apple juice [cashew juice pulp (CJP)] extract is active against the planktonic cells of S. aureus strains, and for the first time, we show that …

Go to article

Physicochemical Analysis And Nonisothermal Kinetic Study Of Sertraline–Lactose Binary Mixtures, F. Ghaderi, M. Nemati, M.R. Siahi-Shadbad, H. Valizadeh, F. Monajjemzadeh Jul 2020

Physicochemical Analysis And Nonisothermal Kinetic Study Of Sertraline–Lactose Binary Mixtures, F. Ghaderi, M. Nemati, M.R. Siahi-Shadbad, H. Valizadeh, F. Monajjemzadeh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In the present study the physicochemical stability of sertraline with lactose was evaluated in drug-excipient binary mixtures. Different physicochemical methods such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry were applied to confirm the incompatibility. The final aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetic parameters using a fast and sensitive DSC method. Solid-state kinetic parameters were derived from nonisothermally stressed physical mixtures using different thermal models such as Friedman, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose. Overall, the instability of sertraline with lactose was successfully evaluated. Further confirmation was made by tracking the Maillard reaction product of sertraline and …

Go to article

Validation And Assessment Of Matrix Effect And Uncertainty Of A Gas Chromatography Coupled To Mass Spectrometry Method For Pesticides In Papaya And Avocado Samples, N.S. Pano-Farias, S.G. Ceballos-Magaña, R. Muñiz-Valencia, J. Gonzalez Jul 2020

Validation And Assessment Of Matrix Effect And Uncertainty Of A Gas Chromatography Coupled To Mass Spectrometry Method For Pesticides In Papaya And Avocado Samples, N.S. Pano-Farias, S.G. Ceballos-Magaña, R. Muñiz-Valencia, J. Gonzalez

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this paper a method of using the “quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe” (QuEChERS) extraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection (GC–MS) was developed for the analysis of five frequently applied pesticides in papaya and avocado. The selected pesticides, ametryn, atrazine, carbaryl, carbofuran, and methyl parathion, represent the most commonly used classes (carbamates, organophosphorous, and triazines). Optimum separation achieved the analysis of all pesticides in < 6.5 minutes. Validation using papaya and avocado samples established the proposed method as linear, accurate, and precise. In this sense, the correlation coefficients were > 0.99. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) in papaya ranged from 0.03 mg/kg to 0.35 mg/kg and from 0.06 mg/kg to 0.75 mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile for avocado, LOD values …

Go to article

Assessment Of Antibacterial Drug Residues In Milk For Consumption In Kosovo, A. Rama, L. Lucatello, C. Benetti, G. Galina, D. Bajraktari Jul 2020

Assessment Of Antibacterial Drug Residues In Milk For Consumption In Kosovo, A. Rama, L. Lucatello, C. Benetti, G. Galina, D. Bajraktari

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of drug residues in the raw milk collected from individual farms and milk collection points during 2009–2010 in six different major regions of Kosovo (Prishtinë, Gjilan, Mitrovicë, Pejë, Gjakovë, Prizren). In the present study, a total of 1734 raw milk samples were collected, and qualitatively screened with two different tests, the Delvotest SP assay and an enzyme-linked receptor-binding assay (SNAP). Overall, 106 (6.11%) out of 1734 samples examined with Delvotest SP contained possible drug residues (5.12% and 7.51% of samples from 2009 and 2010, respectively). All suspect samples were further …

Go to article

Nephroprotective Effect Of Paeonia Emodi Via Inhibition Of Advanced Glycation End Products And Oxidative Stress In Streptozotocin–Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Nephropathy, L. Kishore, N. Kaur, R. Singh Jul 2020

Nephroprotective Effect Of Paeonia Emodi Via Inhibition Of Advanced Glycation End Products And Oxidative Stress In Streptozotocin–Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Nephropathy, L. Kishore, N. Kaur, R. Singh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of alcohol (PA) and hydroalcohol (PHA) extract of Paeonia emodi Royale roots in treatment of streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Wistar rats by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg intraperitoneally) 15 minutes after nicotinamide (230 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) administration and diabetic nephropathy was assessed by measuring serum glucose, renal parameters (urea, uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen level) and lipid profile. The rats were treated with different doses of extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) for 45 days. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring tissue antioxidant enzymes level …

Go to article

Identification Of An Exposure Risk To Heavy Metals From Pharmaceutical-Grade Rubber Stoppers, X. Li, P. Qian Jul 2020

Identification Of An Exposure Risk To Heavy Metals From Pharmaceutical-Grade Rubber Stoppers, X. Li, P. Qian

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Exposure to low concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids represents a well-documented risk to animal and human health. However, current standards (European Pharmacopeia [EP], United States Pharmacopoeia [USP], International Organization for Standardization [ISO], YBB concerned with rubber closures) only require testing for Zn in pharmaceutical-grade rubber stoppers and then using only pure water as a solvent. We extracted and quantified heavy metals and trace elements from pharmaceutical-grade rubber stoppers under conditions that might occur during the preparation of drugs. Pure water, saline, 10% glucose, 3% acetic acid (w/v), 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (4 mg/mL, 0.4 mg/mL, and …

Go to article

Induction Of G2/M Arrest And Apoptosis Through Mitochondria Pathway By A Dimer Sesquiterpene Lactone From Smallanthus Sonchifolius In Hela Cells, Y. Kitai, X. Zhang, Y. Hayashida, Y. Kakehi, H. Tamura Jul 2020

Induction Of G2/M Arrest And Apoptosis Through Mitochondria Pathway By A Dimer Sesquiterpene Lactone From Smallanthus Sonchifolius In Hela Cells, Y. Kitai, X. Zhang, Y. Hayashida, Y. Kakehi, H. Tamura

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Dimer sesquiterpene lactones (SLs), uvedafolin and enhydrofolin, against four monomer SLs isolated from yacon, Smallanthus sonchifolius, leaf were the most cytotoxic substances on HeLa cells (IC50 values 2.96–3.17 μM at 24 hours). However, the cytotoxic mechanism of dimer SL has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, in this study, we clarified the in vitro cytotoxic mechanism of uvedafolin on the HeLa cells, and evaluated the cytotoxicity against NIH/3T3 cells which were used as normal cells. In consequence, the dimer SLs had low toxicity for the NIH/3T3 cells (IC50 4.81–4.98 μM at 24 hours) and then the uvedafolin mediated cell cycle arrest …

Go to article

Characterization And Hepatoprotective Activity Of Anthocyanins From Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L. Cultivar Eshu No. 8), L. Wang, Y. Zhao, Q. Zhou, C.-L. Luo, A.-P. Deng, Z.-C. Zhang, J.-L. Zhang Jul 2020

Characterization And Hepatoprotective Activity Of Anthocyanins From Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L. Cultivar Eshu No. 8), L. Wang, Y. Zhao, Q. Zhou, C.-L. Luo, A.-P. Deng, Z.-C. Zhang, J.-L. Zhang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The hepatoprotective activity of anthocyanin-rich purple sweet potato extract (APSPE) was demonstrated. Sixty mice were randomly divided into six groups: control group [without carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or APSPE]; model group (with CCl4 only); positive control group (50 mg/kg body weight silymarin); low-dose group (100 mg/kg body weight APSPE); medium-dose group (200 mg/kg body weight APSPE); and high-dose group (400 mg/kg body weight APSPE). After 10 days intragastric administration of the respective supplements, the mice in all groups except control were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 (0.15% in arachis oil, 10 mL/kg body weight, intravenous). Twelve hours after CCl4 injection, the mice …

Go to article

An Ecofriendly Green Liquid Chromatographic Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Nicotinamide And Clindamycin Phosphate In Pharmaceutical Gel For Acne Treatment, F. Ibrahim, A.K. El-Deen, Abass S.A. El, K. Shimizu Jul 2020

An Ecofriendly Green Liquid Chromatographic Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Nicotinamide And Clindamycin Phosphate In Pharmaceutical Gel For Acne Treatment, F. Ibrahim, A.K. El-Deen, Abass S.A. El, K. Shimizu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A new green micellar liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of nicotinamide (NICO) and clindamycin phosphate (CLD) in bulk and pharmaceutical gel formulation. The analytes are well resolved in less than 6.0 minutes using micellar mobile phase consisting of 0.10M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 0.3% triethylamine, and 10% 2-propanol in 0.02M orthophosphoric acid at pH 3.0, running through an Eclipse XDB-C8 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) with flow rate 1.0 mL/min. The effluent was monitored with diode array detection at 210 nm. The retention times of NICO and CLD were …

Go to article

Long-Chain Bases From Sea Cucumber Mitigate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress And Inflammation In Obesity Mice, S. Hu, J. Wang, J. Wang, C. Xue, Y. Wang Jul 2020

Long-Chain Bases From Sea Cucumber Mitigate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress And Inflammation In Obesity Mice, S. Hu, J. Wang, J. Wang, C. Xue, Y. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation can induce hyperglycemia. Long-chain bases (LCBs) from sea cucumber exhibit antihyperglycemic activities. However, their effects on ER stress and inflammation are unknown. We investigated the effects of LCBs on ER stress and inflammatory response in high-fat, fructose diet-induced obesity mice. Reactive oxygen species and free fatty acids were measured. Inflammatory cytokines in serum and their mRNA expressions in epididymal adipose tissues were investigated. Hepatic ER stress-related key genes were detected. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and nuclear factor κB inflammatory pathways were also evaluated in the liver. Results showed that LCBs reduced serum and hepatic reactive …

Go to article

Designing Primers And Evaluation Of The Efficiency Of Propidium Monoazide – Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction For Counting The Viable Cells Of Lactobacillus Gasseri And Lactobacillus Salivarius, C.-H. Lai, S.-R. Wu, J.-C. Pang, L. Ramireddy, Y.-C. Chiang, C.-K. Lin, H.-Y. Tsen Jul 2020

Designing Primers And Evaluation Of The Efficiency Of Propidium Monoazide – Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction For Counting The Viable Cells Of Lactobacillus Gasseri And Lactobacillus Salivarius, C.-H. Lai, S.-R. Wu, J.-C. Pang, L. Ramireddy, Y.-C. Chiang, C.-K. Lin, H.-Y. Tsen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of using propidium monoazide (PMA) real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to count the viable cells of Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus salivarius in probiotic products. Based on the internal transcription spacer and 23S rRNA genes, two primer sets specific for these two Lactobacillus species were designed. For a probiotic product, the total deMan Rogosa Sharpe plate count was 8.65 ± 0.69 log CFU/g, while for qPCR, the cell counts of L. gasseri and L. salivarius were 8.39 ± 0.14 log CFU/g and 8.57 ± 0.24 log CFU/g, respectively. Under the …

Go to article

Cytotoxic And Antioxidant Capacity Of Camel Milk Peptides: Effects Of Isolated Peptide On Superoxide Dismutase And Catalase Gene Expression, M. Homayouni-Tabrizi, A. Asoodeh, M. Soltani Jul 2020

Cytotoxic And Antioxidant Capacity Of Camel Milk Peptides: Effects Of Isolated Peptide On Superoxide Dismutase And Catalase Gene Expression, M. Homayouni-Tabrizi, A. Asoodeh, M. Soltani

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Peptides from natural sources such as milk are shown to have a wide spectrum of biological activities. In this study, three peptides with antioxidant capacity were identified from camel milk protein hydrolysate. Pepsin and pancreatin were used for hydrolysis of milk proteins. Ultrafiltration and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography were used for the concentration and purification of the hydrolysate, respectively. Sequences of the three peptides, which were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight spectrophotometry, were LEEQQQTEDEQQDQL [molecular weight (MW): 1860.85 Da, LL-15], YLEELHRLNAGY (MW: 1477.63 Da, YY-11), and RGLHPVPQ (MW: 903.04 Da, RQ-8). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthia-zol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to evaluate …

Go to article

Novel Electrochemical Xanthine Biosensor Based On Chitosan–Polypyrrole–Gold Nanoparticles Hybrid Bio-Nanocomposite Platform, M. Dervisevic, E. Dervisevic, E. Çevik, M. Şenel Jul 2020

Novel Electrochemical Xanthine Biosensor Based On Chitosan–Polypyrrole–Gold Nanoparticles Hybrid Bio-Nanocomposite Platform, M. Dervisevic, E. Dervisevic, E. Çevik, M. Şenel

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The aim of this study was the electrochemical detection of the adenosine-3-phosphate degradation product, xanthine, using a new xanthine biosensor based on a hybrid bio-nanocomposite platform which has been successfully employed in the evaluation of meat freshness. In the design of the amperometric xanthine biosensor, chitosan–polypyrrole–gold nanoparticles fabricated by an in situ chemical synthesis method on a glassy carbon electrode surface was used to enhance electron transfer and to provide good enzyme affinity. Electrochemical studies were carried out by the modified electrode with immobilized xanthine oxidase on it, after which the biosensor was tested to ascertain the optimization parameters. The …

Go to article

Microencapsulation Of Fish Oil Using Supercritical Antisolvent Process, F.T. Karim, K. Ghafoor, S. Ferdosh, F. Al-Juhaimi, E. Ali, K.B. Yunus, M.H. Hamed, A. Islam, M. Asif, I.S.M. Zaidul Jul 2020

Microencapsulation Of Fish Oil Using Supercritical Antisolvent Process, F.T. Karim, K. Ghafoor, S. Ferdosh, F. Al-Juhaimi, E. Ali, K.B. Yunus, M.H. Hamed, A. Islam, M. Asif, I.S.M. Zaidul

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In order to improve the encapsulation process, a newly supercritical antisolvent process was developed to encapsulate fish oil using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose as a polymer. Three factors, namely, temperature, pressure, and feed emulsion rate were optimized using response surface methodology. The suitability of the model for predicting the optimum response value was evaluated at the conditions of temperature at 60°C, pressure at 150 bar, and feed rate at 1.36 mL/min. At the optimum conditions, particle size of 58.35 μm was obtained. The surface morphology of the micronized fish oil was also evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscopy where it …

Go to article

Microbiological, Histological, And Biochemical Evidence For The Adverse Effects Of Food Azo Dyes On Rats, K. Elbanna, O.M. Sarhan, M. Khider, M. Elmogy, H.H. Abulreesh, M.R. Shaaban Jul 2020

Microbiological, Histological, And Biochemical Evidence For The Adverse Effects Of Food Azo Dyes On Rats, K. Elbanna, O.M. Sarhan, M. Khider, M. Elmogy, H.H. Abulreesh, M.R. Shaaban

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, 120 lactic acid bacterial strains from different fermented dairy products as well as 10 bacterial intestinal isolates were evaluated for in vitro and in vivo degradation of various food azo dyes. Of these isolates, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains 13 and 100 and the intestinal isolates Ent2 and Eco5 exhibited 96–98% degradation of the tested food azo dyes within 5–6 hours. High performance liquid chromatography mass spectra of sunset yellow (E110) and carmoisine (E122) anaerobic degradation products by the intestinal isolates showed that they were structurally related to toxic aromatic amines. For an in vivo study, eight …

Go to article

Evaluation Of The Prebiotic Effects Of Citrus Pectin Hydrolysate, Y.-Y. Ho, C.-M. Lin, M.-C. Wu Jul 2020

Evaluation Of The Prebiotic Effects Of Citrus Pectin Hydrolysate, Y.-Y. Ho, C.-M. Lin, M.-C. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Citrus pectin enzyme hydrolysate (PEH) of different hydrolysis time intervals (6 hours, PEH-6; 12 hours, PEH-12; 24 hours, PEH-24; or 48 hours, PEH-48) or concentrations (1%, 2%, and 4%) was tested for its growth stimulation effect on two probiotics, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Higher monosaccharide concentrations and smaller molecular weights of PEHs were obtained by prolonging the hydrolysis time. In addition, higher PEH concentrations resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.05) probiotic populations, pH reduction, and increase in total titratable acidity than the glucose-free MRS negative control. Furthermore, significantly higher populations in the low pH environment and longer survival time in nonfat milk (p < 0.05) were observed when the two probiotics were incubated in media supplemented with 2% PEH-24, than in glucose and the negative control. In comparison with other prebiotics, addition of 2% PEH-24 resulted in a more significant increase in the probiotic population (p < 0.05) than in the commercial prebiotics. This study demonstrated that PEH derived from citrus pectin could be an effective prebiotic to enhance the growth, fermentation, acid tolerance, and survival in nonfat milk for the tested probiotics. © 2017

Go to article

Assessment Of Rosehips Based On The Content Of Their Biologically Active Compounds, A. Bhave, V. Schulzova, H. Chmelarova, L. Mrnka, J. Hajslova Jul 2020

Assessment Of Rosehips Based On The Content Of Their Biologically Active Compounds, A. Bhave, V. Schulzova, H. Chmelarova, L. Mrnka, J. Hajslova

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, an in-depth analysis of the unique set of rosehip samples from 71 Rosa genotypes was conducted with the aim to identify the most suitable ones for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries based on the content of biologically active compounds. In the first part of our experiments, the antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and the genotypes with the highest values were selected for the follow-up analysis. In the second part of experiments, the major classes of biologically active compounds in rosehips such as carotenoids, tocopherols, flavonoids, and triterpenoic acids were further quantified using liquid …

Go to article

Convenient Uv-Spectrophotometric Determination Of Citrates In Aqueous Solutions With Applications In The Pharmaceutical Analysis Of Oral Electrolyte Formulations, S. Krukowski, M. Karasiewicz, W. Kolodziejski Jul 2020

Convenient Uv-Spectrophotometric Determination Of Citrates In Aqueous Solutions With Applications In The Pharmaceutical Analysis Of Oral Electrolyte Formulations, S. Krukowski, M. Karasiewicz, W. Kolodziejski

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Herein, we present a convenient method for quantitative spectrophotometric determination of citrate ions in aqueous solutions in the middle-UV range. It involves measuring the absorbance of citric acid at 209 nm under suppressed dissociation at pH < 1.0 in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Validation of the method was performed according to the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization. A very good linear dependence of the absorbance on concentration (r2 = 0.9999) was obtained in a citrate concentration range of 0.5–5.0 mmol/L. This method is characterized by excellent precision and accuracy; the coefficient of variation in each case is below the maximal permissible value (%RSD < 2). The proposed analytical procedure has been successfully applied to the determination of citrates in oral electrolyte formulations. © 2017

Go to article

Therapeutic Effects Of D-Aspartate In A Mouse Model Of Multiple Sclerosis, S. Afraei, A. D'Aniello, R. Sedaghat, P. Ekhtiari, G. Azizi, N. Tabrizian, L. Magliozzi, Z. Aghazadeh, A. Mirshafiey Jul 2020

Therapeutic Effects Of D-Aspartate In A Mouse Model Of Multiple Sclerosis, S. Afraei, A. D'Aniello, R. Sedaghat, P. Ekhtiari, G. Azizi, N. Tabrizian, L. Magliozzi, Z. Aghazadeh, A. Mirshafiey

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis. EAE is mainly mediated by adaptive and innate immune responses that leads to an inflammatory demyelization and axonal damage. The aim of the present research was to examine the therapeutic efficacy of D-aspartic acid (D-Asp) on a mouse EAE model. EAE induction was performed in female C57BL/6 mice by myelin 40 oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55) in a complete Freund's adjuvant emulsion, and D-Asp was used to test its efficiency in the reduction of EAE. During the course of study, clinical evaluation was assessed, and on Day 21, post-immunization blood samples …

Go to article

An Analysis Method For Flavan-3-Ols Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With A Fluorescence Detector, L. Wang, Y. Yamashita, A. Saito, H. Ashida Jul 2020

An Analysis Method For Flavan-3-Ols Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With A Fluorescence Detector, L. Wang, Y. Yamashita, A. Saito, H. Ashida

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Procyanidins belong to a family of flavan-3-ols, which consist of monomers, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, and their oligomers and polymers, and are distributed in many plant-derived foods. Procyanidins are reported to have many beneficial physiological activities, such as antihypertensive and anticancer effects. However, the bioavailability of procyanidins is not well understood owing to a lack of convenient and high-sensitive analysis methods. The aim of this study was to develop an improved method for determining procyanidin content in both food materials and biological samples. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a fluorescence detector was used in this study. The limits of …

Go to article

New Psychoactive Substances Of Natural Origin: A Brief Review, L.-Y. Feng, A. Battulga, E. Han, H. Chung, J.-H. Li Jul 2020

New Psychoactive Substances Of Natural Origin: A Brief Review, L.-Y. Feng, A. Battulga, E. Han, H. Chung, J.-H. Li

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Plant-based drugs of abuse are as old as recorded human history. Although traditional addictive substances, such as opium, cannabis and coca, have been controlled by the United Nations anti-drug conventions, many, if not most, natural plants with addictive or abuse liability remain elusive. Therefore, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has warned the emerging threat from new psychoactive substances (NPS), which are mostly derived or modified from the constituents of natural origin. For example, synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones are derived from the cannabis and khat plant, respectively. In this review, we briefly discussed the chemistry, pharmacology …

Go to article

Safety Of Frozen Liver For Human Consumption, G.A.K. Kirrella, A.M.M. Deeb, R.M.I. Abdallah Jul 2020

Safety Of Frozen Liver For Human Consumption, G.A.K. Kirrella, A.M.M. Deeb, R.M.I. Abdallah

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The objective of this study was to ensure and evaluate the safety of imported frozen beef liver traded in supermarkets of Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, through detection of Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidies, Escherichia coli O157:H7, antibiotic residues, and aflatoxin B1 residue. Fifty samples of imported frozen liver were randomly collected from different shops at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate for isolation of S. typhimurium, S. enteritidies, and E. coli O157:H7. The results revealed that for both microorganisms 4% of the examined samples presumed to contain Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 organisms, according to the colonial character on Harlequin Salmonella ABC agar media …

Go to article

The Detoxifying Effects Of Structural Elements Of Persimmon Tannin On Chinese Cobra Phospholipase A2 Correlated With Their Structural Disturbing Effects Well, Y. Zhang, C.-M. Li Jul 2020

The Detoxifying Effects Of Structural Elements Of Persimmon Tannin On Chinese Cobra Phospholipase A2 Correlated With Their Structural Disturbing Effects Well, Y. Zhang, C.-M. Li

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The effects of persimmon tannin (PT) characteristic structural elements on Naja atra phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-induced lethality, myotoxicity, and hemolysis in mice models were determined. In addition, methods including surface plasmon resonance, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were explored to uncover the possible detoxifying mechanisms of PT on snake venom PLA2. Our results revealed that PT characteristic elements (EGCG, ECG, A-type EGCG dimer, and A-type ECG dimer) could neutralize the lethality, myotoxicity, and hemolysis of PLA2. Moreover, the detoxifying effects of the four structural elements correlated with their structural disturbing effects well. Our results proved that A-type EGCG …

Go to article

Fast And Simple Method For Semiquantitative Determination Of Calcium Propionate In Bread Samples, C.M. Phechkrajang, S. Yooyong Jul 2020

Fast And Simple Method For Semiquantitative Determination Of Calcium Propionate In Bread Samples, C.M. Phechkrajang, S. Yooyong

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Calcium propionate has been widely used as a preservative in bakery and in bread. It is sometimes not carefully used, or a high concentration is added to preserve products. High consumption of calcium propionate can lead to several health problems. This study aims to develop a fast and simple semiquantitative method based on color complex formation for the determination of calcium propionate in a bread sample. A red–brown complex was obtained from the reaction of ferric ammonium sulfate and propionate anion. The product was rapidly formed and easily observed with the concentration of propionate anion >0.4 mg/mL. A high-performance liquid …

Go to article

Antibacterial Activity And Interactions Of Plant Essential Oil Combinations Against Gram-Positive And Gram-Negative Bacteria, C.A. Semeniuc, C.R. Pop, A.M. Rotar Jul 2020

Antibacterial Activity And Interactions Of Plant Essential Oil Combinations Against Gram-Positive And Gram-Negative Bacteria, C.A. Semeniuc, C.R. Pop, A.M. Rotar

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial effects of several essential oils (EOs) alone and in combination against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria associated with food products. Parsley, lovage, basil, and thyme EOs, as well as their mixtures (1:1, v/v), were tested against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. The inhibitory effects ranged from strong (thyme EO against E. coli) to no inhibition (parsley EO against P. aeruginosa). Thyme EO exhibited strong (against E. coli), moderate (against S. typhimurium and B. cereus), or mild inhibitory effects (against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus), …

Go to article

Curcumin Inhibits Adenosine Deaminase And Arginase Activities In Cadmium-Induced Renal Toxicity In Rat Kidney, A.J. Akinyemi, N. Onyebueke, O.A. Faboya, S.A. Onikanni, A. Fadaka, I. Olayide Jul 2020

Curcumin Inhibits Adenosine Deaminase And Arginase Activities In Cadmium-Induced Renal Toxicity In Rat Kidney, A.J. Akinyemi, N. Onyebueke, O.A. Faboya, S.A. Onikanni, A. Fadaka, I. Olayide

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, the effect of enzymes involved in degradation of renal adenosine and L-arginine was investigated in rats exposed to cadmium (Cd) and treated with curcumin, the principal active phytochemical in turmeric rhizome. Animals were divided into six groups (n = 6): saline/vehicle, saline/curcumin 12.5 mg/kg, saline/curcumin 25 mg/kg, Cd/vehicle, Cd/curcumin 12.5 mg/kg, and Cd/curcumin 25 mg/kg. The results of this study revealed that the activities of renal adenosine deaminase and arginase were significantly increased in Cd-treated rats when compared with the control (p < 0.05). However, co-treatment with curcumin inhibits the activities of these enzymes compared with Cd-treated rats. Furthermore, Cd intoxication increased the levels of some renal biomarkers (serum urea, creatinine, and electrolytes) and malondialdehyde level with a concomitant decrease in functional sulfhydryl group and nitric oxide (NO). However, co-treatment with curcumin at 12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively, increases the nonenzymatic antioxidant status and NO in the kidney, with a concomitant decrease in the levels of malondialdehyde and renal biomarkers. Therefore, our results reinforce the importance of adenosine deaminase and arginase activities in Cd poisoning conditions and suggest some possible mechanisms of action by which curcumin prevent Cd-induced renal toxicity in rats. © 2016

Go to article

Simultaneous Characterization And Quantification Of 17 Main Compounds In Rabdosia Rubescens By High Performance Liquid Chromatography, S. Guo, X. Cui, M. Jiang, L. Bai, X. Tian, T. Guo, Q. Liu, L. Zhang, C.-T. Ho, N. Bai Jul 2020

Simultaneous Characterization And Quantification Of 17 Main Compounds In Rabdosia Rubescens By High Performance Liquid Chromatography, S. Guo, X. Cui, M. Jiang, L. Bai, X. Tian, T. Guo, Q. Liu, L. Zhang, C.-T. Ho, N. Bai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Rabdosia rubescens is a healthy herbal tea and well-known Chinese medicinal herb. To evaluate the quality of R. rubescens from China, a high performance liquid chromatography method with dual-wavelength detection was developed and validated. The method was successfully applied for the simultaneous characterization and quantification of 17 main constituents from four different cultivation regions in China. Under optimal conditions, analysis was performed on a Luna C-18 column and gradient elution with a solvent system of acetonitrile and 0.5% (v/v) acetic acid–water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and wavelength of 220 nm and 280 nm. All standard calibration curves …

Go to article

A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Study To Determine The Effect Of Ankascin 568 Plus On Blood Glucose Regulation, Y.-R. Wang, S.-F. Liu, Y.-C. Shen, C.-L. Chen, C.-N. Huang, T.-M. Pan, C.-K. Wang Jul 2020

A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Study To Determine The Effect Of Ankascin 568 Plus On Blood Glucose Regulation, Y.-R. Wang, S.-F. Liu, Y.-C. Shen, C.-L. Chen, C.-N. Huang, T.-M. Pan, C.-K. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Diabetes is the fourth major cause of death in Taiwan. High blood glucose can lead to macrovascular diseases, small vessel diseases (retinopathy, kidney disease), and neuropathy. This study aimed to investigate whether Monascus-fermented products (ANKASCIN 568 plus) can regulate blood glucose and blood lipids. This study enrolled 39 patients with a fasting blood glucose level between 100 mg/dL and 180 mg/dL, and a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of < 9%. All patients were randomly divided into placebo (n = 20) and experimental (n = 19) groups. Each patient received two placebo capsules (maltodextrin) or ANKASCIN 568 plus capsules daily for 12 weeks. The patients were screened during follow-up 4 weeks after the administration of sample or placebo had been discontinued. Blood and urine samples were collected at the initial, 6th week, 12th week, and 16th week. The anthropometric indicators of blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose level, postprandial plasma glucose level, insulin level, insulin resistance, blood lipid changes, and liver, kidney, and thyroid function indices were measured. After 6 weeks, changes in fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) levels showed that ANKASCIN 568 plus had a more favorable effect than the placebo. Compared to baseline, a statistically significant decrease of 8.5%, 10.3%, and 7.5% was observed in fasting blood glucose, LDL-C and, TC levels, respectively (p < 0.05 for all pairs). Therefore, ANKASCIN 568 plus produced by Monascus purpureus NTU 568 fermentation may be a potentially useful agent for the regulation of blood glucose and blood lipids and for treatment of coronary artery diseases.

Go to article

Effect Of Oleuropein Against Chemotherapy Drug-Induced Histological Changes, Oxidative Stress, And Dna Damages In Rat Kidney Injury, F. Geyikoglu, M. Emir, S. Colak, K. Koc, H. Turkez, M. Bakir, M. Hosseinigouzdagani, S. Cerig, O.N. Keles, N.S. Ozek Jul 2020

Effect Of Oleuropein Against Chemotherapy Drug-Induced Histological Changes, Oxidative Stress, And Dna Damages In Rat Kidney Injury, F. Geyikoglu, M. Emir, S. Colak, K. Koc, H. Turkez, M. Bakir, M. Hosseinigouzdagani, S. Cerig, O.N. Keles, N.S. Ozek

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is responsible for a large number of renal failures, and it is still associated with high rates of mortality today. Oleuropein (OLE) presents a plethora of pharmacological beneficial properties. In this study we investigated whether OLE could provide sufficient protection against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. With this aim, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: control; 7 mg/kg/d cisplatin, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg OLE; and treatment with OLE for 3 days starting at 24 hours following cisplatin injection. After exposure to the chemotherapy agent and OLE, oxidative DNA damage was quantitated in the renal tissue of experimental …

Go to article

Averrhoa Bilimbi Fruits Attenuate Hyperglycemia-Mediated Oxidative Stress In Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats, S.B. Kurup, S. Mini Jul 2020

Averrhoa Bilimbi Fruits Attenuate Hyperglycemia-Mediated Oxidative Stress In Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats, S.B. Kurup, S. Mini

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of diabetic complications. Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (Oxalidaceae) is a medicinal plant with fruits reported to possess antidiabetic activity. This study evaluated the beneficial effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of A. bilimbi fruit (ABAEE) on the antioxidant/oxidant status in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic rats were treated orally with the ethyl acetate fraction of A. bilimbi fruits at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight for 60 days. Serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, plasma insulin, hepatic toxicity markers, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation products, and liver histopathology were assayed checked after 60 days of …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last