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Articles 5731 - 5760 of 5811

Full-Text Articles in Neuroscience and Neurobiology

Method To Correct The Voxel Size In Press Localized Nmr Stereoscopy, Diana M. Lindquist, Roger M. Hawk, Richard A. Komoroski Jan 1997

Method To Correct The Voxel Size In Press Localized Nmr Stereoscopy, Diana M. Lindquist, Roger M. Hawk, Richard A. Komoroski

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Two techniques commonly used on human magnetic resonance spectroscopy systems to obtain spectra from localized volumes in the brain are point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) and stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) spectroscopy. PRESS gives a signal twice as large as that obtained with STEAM, but suffers from longer minimum echo times. While STEAM must be used to detect species with short spin-spin relaxation times, PRESS can be used for species with longer relaxation times to give a spectrum with a better signal to noise ratio. Only STEAM was provided for the GE Omega 4.7 T small animal imager used in this …

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Law And Biology: Toward An Integrated Model Of Human Behavior, Owen D. Jones Jan 1997

Law And Biology: Toward An Integrated Model Of Human Behavior, Owen D. Jones

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

As first year law students unhappily discover, the meaning of "law" is frustratingly protean, shifting by usage and user. Depending on whom you ask, law is a system of rules, a body of precedents, a legislative enactment, a collection of norms, a process by which social goals are pursued, or some dynamic mixture of these. Law's principal purpose is to define and protect individual rights, to ensure public order, to resolve disputes, to redistribute wealth, to dispense justice, to prevent or compensate for injury, to optimize economic efficiency, or perhaps to do something else. And yet one thing is irreducibly …

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N-Methylation Of Beta-Carbolines As A Potential Bioactivation Route In Parkinson's Disease, Debra Ann Gearhart Jan 1997

N-Methylation Of Beta-Carbolines As A Potential Bioactivation Route In Parkinson's Disease, Debra Ann Gearhart

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Neuronal Tracing Of The Cephalic Nerves In The Medicinal Leech (Hirudo Medicinalis) And Their Possible Synaptic Contact With Retzius Cells In The Leech "Brain", David P. Daberkow May 1996

Neuronal Tracing Of The Cephalic Nerves In The Medicinal Leech (Hirudo Medicinalis) And Their Possible Synaptic Contact With Retzius Cells In The Leech "Brain", David P. Daberkow

Biology

The hypothesis that prompted my study on the leech (Hirudo medicinalis) stated that sensory affernents from the prostomial lip, via the cephalic nerves, make synaptic contact with Rezius cells in the subesophageal ganglion ("the brain") as part of the circuit that triggers feeding behavior in this animal. Several neuronal tracing substances of different colors were used to study sensory and central neuron morphology. First, cephalic nerves D1, D2, V1, and V2 were backfilled using dextran conjugates, and the resulting patterns of labeled cell bodies and neurites were mapped. Second, a Retzius cell body in the third rostral segment …

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Deaf Undergraduate Writing And Cognitive Processes, Elke L. Betz-Schmidt Apr 1996

Deaf Undergraduate Writing And Cognitive Processes, Elke L. Betz-Schmidt

Undergraduate University Honors Capstones

Literacy among deaf and hard of hearing students has always been low. In the Spring of 1991 the English department at Gallaudet University did an assessment of students' abilities and needs. These results confirmed that the students were not ready to perform at the collegiate level despite eventually graduating with their degrees. Recommendations from the survey, however, do not focus on determining the writing process of the students, or a teaching method focused on composition. Thus, this thesis addresses three questions: does focusing a Deaf undergraduate student's attention on the writing process ane associated thought processes lead students to write …

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Immunolesions Using Site Specific Injections Of 192-Lgg Saporin Into The Basal Forebrain Fail To Affect Radial Arm Maze Performance In The Male Rat, Lesley J. Hickman '96 Apr 1996

Immunolesions Using Site Specific Injections Of 192-Lgg Saporin Into The Basal Forebrain Fail To Affect Radial Arm Maze Performance In The Male Rat, Lesley J. Hickman '96

Honors Projects

In this study I investigated the effects of 192-lgG saporin injections into the medial septal area.(MSA) and nucleus basalis magnocel/ularis (NBM) on radial arm maze performance in the male rat. The results of the present study reveal that combined injections of 192-lgG saporin into the basal forebrain failed to disrupt RAM performance when compared to vehicle-injected controls. In addition, intraperitoneal injections using a muscarinic receptor blocker, scopolamine, failed to reveal a compensatory response of the cholinergic basal forebrain that may have explained the lack of behavioral effects of 192IgG saporin. Consequently, the results of this study suggest that a selective …

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Dose-Dependent Characterization Of The Rewarding And Stimulant Properties Of Cocaine Across Intraperitoneal And Intravenous Routes Of Administration, Laura O'Dell Jan 1996

Dose-Dependent Characterization Of The Rewarding And Stimulant Properties Of Cocaine Across Intraperitoneal And Intravenous Routes Of Administration, Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

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Differential Effects Of Intra-Accumbens Sulpiride On Cocaine-Induced Locomotion And Conditioned Place Preference, Laura O'Dell Jan 1996

Differential Effects Of Intra-Accumbens Sulpiride On Cocaine-Induced Locomotion And Conditioned Place Preference, Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

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Dopamine Overflow In The Nucleus Accumbens During Extinction And Reinstatement Of Cocaine Self-Administration Behavior, Laura O'Dell Jan 1996

Dopamine Overflow In The Nucleus Accumbens During Extinction And Reinstatement Of Cocaine Self-Administration Behavior, Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

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Differential Effects Of Intra-Accumbens Sulpiride On Cocaine-Induced Locomotion And Conditioned Place Preference, Laura O'Dell Jan 1996

Differential Effects Of Intra-Accumbens Sulpiride On Cocaine-Induced Locomotion And Conditioned Place Preference, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

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Dopamine Overflow In The Nucleus Accumbens During Extinction And Reinstatement Of Cocaine Self-Administration Behavior, Laura O'Dell Jan 1996

Dopamine Overflow In The Nucleus Accumbens During Extinction And Reinstatement Of Cocaine Self-Administration Behavior, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

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Dose-Dependent Characterization Of The Rewarding And Stimulant Properties Of Cocaine Across Intraperitoneal And Intravenous Routes Of Administration, Laura O'Dell Jan 1996

Dose-Dependent Characterization Of The Rewarding And Stimulant Properties Of Cocaine Across Intraperitoneal And Intravenous Routes Of Administration, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

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Topographically Specific Effects Of Elf-1 On Retinal Axon Guidance In Vitro And Retinal Axon Mapping In Vivo, Masaru Nakamoto Jan 1996

Topographically Specific Effects Of Elf-1 On Retinal Axon Guidance In Vitro And Retinal Axon Mapping In Vivo, Masaru Nakamoto

Biology Faculty Publications

Topographic maps, which maintain the spatial order of neurons in the order of their axonal connections, are found throughout the nervous system. In the visual retinotectal projection, ELF-1, a ligand in the tectum, and its receptors in the retina show complementary gradients in expression and binding, indicating they may be positional labels for map development. Here we show that ELF-1 acts as a repellent axon guidance factor in vitro. In vivo, when the tectal ELF-1 pattern is modified by retroviral overexpression, retinal axons avoid ectopic ELF-1 patches and map to abnormally anterior positions. All these effects were seen on axons …

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Visual Cortical Plasticity Following Unilateral Sensorimotor Cortical Lesions In The Neonatal Rat, Eleftherios Stelios Papathanasiou Jan 1996

Visual Cortical Plasticity Following Unilateral Sensorimotor Cortical Lesions In The Neonatal Rat, Eleftherios Stelios Papathanasiou

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of Aging And Musical Experience On The Representation Of Tonal Hierarchies, Andrea R. Halpern, Seyeul Kwak, James C. Bartlett, W. Jay Dowling Jan 1996

The Effects Of Aging And Musical Experience On The Representation Of Tonal Hierarchies, Andrea R. Halpern, Seyeul Kwak, James C. Bartlett, W. Jay Dowling

Faculty Journal Articles

Two experiments explored the representation of the tonal hierarchy in Western music among older (aged 60 to 80) and younger (aged 15 to 22) musicians and nonmusicians. A probe tone technique was used: 4 notes from the major triad were presented, followed by 1 note chosen from the 12 notes of the chromatic scale. Whereas musicians had a better sense of the tonal hierarchy than nonmusicians, older adults were no worse than younger adults in differentiating the notes according to musical principles. However, older adults were more prone than younger adults to classify the notes by frequency proximity (pitch height) …

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Hearing In The Mind's Ear: A Pet Investigation Of Musical Imagery And Perception, Robert J. Zatorre, Andrea R. Halpern, David W. Perry, Ernst Meyer, Alan C. Evans Jan 1996

Hearing In The Mind's Ear: A Pet Investigation Of Musical Imagery And Perception, Robert J. Zatorre, Andrea R. Halpern, David W. Perry, Ernst Meyer, Alan C. Evans

Faculty Journal Articles

Neuropsychological studies have suggested that imagery processes may be mediated by neuronal mechanisms similar to those used in perception. To test this hypothesis, and to explore the neural basis for song imagery, 12 normal subjects were scanned using the water bolus method to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) during the performance of three tasks. In the control condition subjects saw pairs of words on each trial and judged which word was longer. In the perceptual condition subjects also viewed pairs of words, this time drawn from a familiar song; simultaneously they heard the corresponding song, and their task was to …

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Interview: Brenda Laurel, Jason Challas Jul 1995

Interview: Brenda Laurel, Jason Challas

SWITCH

This interview with Brenda Laurel, Virtual Reality (VR) author and thinker, discusses the applications and challenges of VR. Creating an emphatic experience using VR technology is possible, but the challenge lies in designing an environment that models the senses to stimulate emotions. VR enables experiences of different genders, but physiological differences between the sexes exist and are important to understand. However, technology used to create the environment and simulation of physical objects in VR is only in the developmental stage. Laurel believes in the importance of keeping the mind grounded in the physical body, in order to strengthen the appreciation …

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Dynamic Diseases In Neurology And Psychiatry, John Milton, Deborah Black Mar 1995

Dynamic Diseases In Neurology And Psychiatry, John Milton, Deborah Black

WM Keck Science Faculty Papers

Thirty-two (32) periodic diseases of the nervous system are identified in which symptoms and/or signs recur. In 10/32, the recurrence of a symptom complex is one of the defining features of the illness, whereas in 22/32 oscillatory signs occur in the setting of an ongoing nervous system disorder. We discuss the possibility that these disorders may be dynamic diseases.

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Complementary Gradients In Expression And Binding Of Elf-1 And Mek4 In Development Of The Topographic Retinotectal Projection Map, Masaru Nakamoto Jan 1995

Complementary Gradients In Expression And Binding Of Elf-1 And Mek4 In Development Of The Topographic Retinotectal Projection Map, Masaru Nakamoto

Biology Faculty Publications

Topographic maps with a defined spatial ordering of neuronal connections are a key feature of brain organization. Such maps are believed to develop in response to complementary position-specific labels in presynaptic and postsynaptic fields. However, the complementary labeling molecules are not known. In the well studied visual map of retinal axons projecting to the tectum, the labels are hypothesized to be in gradients, without needing large numbers of cell-specific molecules. We recently cloned ELF-1 as a ligand for Eph family receptors. Here, RNA hybridization shows matching expression gradients for ELF-1 in the tectum and its receptor Mek4 in the retina. …

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Localization Of Dopamine Receptor Subtypes Occupied By Intra-Accumbens Administration Of Selective Antagonists That Reverse Cocaine-Induced Locomotion., Laura O'Dell Jan 1995

Localization Of Dopamine Receptor Subtypes Occupied By Intra-Accumbens Administration Of Selective Antagonists That Reverse Cocaine-Induced Locomotion., Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

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Localization Of Dopamine Receptor Subtypes Occupied By Intra-Accumbens Administration Of Selective Antagonists That Reverse Cocaine-Induced Locomotion., Laura O'Dell Jan 1995

Localization Of Dopamine Receptor Subtypes Occupied By Intra-Accumbens Administration Of Selective Antagonists That Reverse Cocaine-Induced Locomotion., Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

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Neuronal Degeneration In Rat Olfactory And Cortical Brain Regions Following Subchronic Ethanol Intoxication, Thomas David Corso Jan 1995

Neuronal Degeneration In Rat Olfactory And Cortical Brain Regions Following Subchronic Ethanol Intoxication, Thomas David Corso

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Circulating Androgens And The Response To Stress, Elena W. Bingaman Jan 1995

Circulating Androgens And The Response To Stress, Elena W. Bingaman

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Comparison Of The Effects Of Saporin-Igg Injections Into The Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis And Medial Septal Area Of Male Rat As Assessed By The Morris Water Maze Task, Alexander R. V. Mccampbell '95 Jan 1995

Comparison Of The Effects Of Saporin-Igg Injections Into The Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis And Medial Septal Area Of Male Rat As Assessed By The Morris Water Maze Task, Alexander R. V. Mccampbell '95

Honors Projects

Alzheimer's disease currently afflicts approximately 4 million people in the United States, with 100,000 new cases being reported each year. As post mortem examination of AD patientsI brains has revealed a significant decrease in the number of cholinergic neurons, one approach we have taken is to look at the correlation between the depletion of certain cholinergic markers in animals and the resulting behavioral deficits. Two regions of specific interest are the medial septal area (MSA) and the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM). These regions are important because they are the major source of cholinergic neurons in the brain, they are selectively …

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Aging And Experience In The Recognition Of Musical Transpositions, Andrea R. Halpern, J.C. Bartlett, W.J. Dowling Jan 1995

Aging And Experience In The Recognition Of Musical Transpositions, Andrea R. Halpern, J.C. Bartlett, W.J. Dowling

Faculty Journal Articles

The authors examined the effects of age, musical experience, and characteristics of musical stimuli on a melodic short-term memory task in which participants had to recognize whether a tune was an exact transposition of another tune recently presented. Participants were musicians and nonmusicians between ages 18 and 30 or 60 and 80. In 4 experiments, the authors found that age and experience affected different aspects of the task, with experience becoming more influential when interference was provided during the task. Age and experience interacted only weakly, and neither age nor experience influenced the superiority of tonal over atonal materials. Recognition …

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The Effect Of Family Participation On The Outcome Of Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury In Rehabilitation, Grant Middleton, Brett Ransom Jan 1995

The Effect Of Family Participation On The Outcome Of Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury In Rehabilitation, Grant Middleton, Brett Ransom

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between physical therapists' perceptions and institutional policies relating to family participation in rehabilitation and rehabilitation outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury. Utilizing surveys, we collected information about institutional policy from institutions that were members of the Commission for Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF) in the Midwestern United States. Thirteen institutional surveys provided usable Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores for patients rehabilitated in 1993, which were used as the outcome measure. The therapists' perceptions survey (n = 104) gathered data about the belief of physical therapists relating to family involvement …

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Integration Of Fetal Neocortical Transplants With The Damaged Host Brain, Mette Katrine Schulz Jan 1995

Integration Of Fetal Neocortical Transplants With The Damaged Host Brain, Mette Katrine Schulz

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of Partial Unweighting On Hemiplegic Gait, Natasha A. Creaser, Michael W. Jones Jan 1995

The Effects Of Partial Unweighting On Hemiplegic Gait, Natasha A. Creaser, Michael W. Jones

Masters Theses

This study investigated the effects of 30% body weight support on gait in two individuals with hemiplegia secondary to stroke. Two subjects with right hemiplegia were tested. Each completed four trials, two full weight bearing and two unweighted 30%, in random order. Each trial consisted of walking six meters on a treadmill at the subjects' self-selected speed. Temporal distance data were collected via Stride Analyzer footswitches. Subjects were also videotaped from the side during all trials. We expected velocity, cadence, stride length, uninvolved limb swing time, and involved limb stance time to increase with unweighting. Subjects 1's results agreed only …

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Functional Consequences Of Compartmentalization Of Synaptic Input, Melissa J. Coleman, Michael P. Nusbaum Nov 1994

Functional Consequences Of Compartmentalization Of Synaptic Input, Melissa J. Coleman, Michael P. Nusbaum

WM Keck Science Faculty Papers

Intra-axonal recordings of stomatogastric nerve axon 1 (SNAX1) indicate that there are synaptic inputs onto the SNAX1 terminals in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of the crab Cancer borealis (Nusbaum et al., 1992b). To determine whether this synaptic input only influenced SNAX1 activity within the STG, we identified the SNAX1 soma in the commissural ganglion (CoG). We found that this neuron has a neuropilar arborization in the CoG and also receives synaptic inputs in this ganglion. Based on its soma location, we have renamed this neuron modulatory commissural neuron 1 (MCN1). While intracellular stimulation of MCN1soma and MCN1SNAX has the same …

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Sensory Information And The Perception Of Cold-Induced Pain, Stephen S. Streator Aug 1994

Sensory Information And The Perception Of Cold-Induced Pain, Stephen S. Streator

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Specific terms are often used to describe the pain athletes will experience during cold treatments. It is not clear whether providing athletes with such sensory information will decrease their perceived pain during treatments. The purpose of this study was to determine if subjects' perception of cold-induced pain could be influenced by the type of information provided before treatment, such as "pain will be excruciating" or "pain will be minimal. 11 Ninety Division I intercollegiate athletes were randomly assigned to one of five groups: traditional terms (cold, burning, aching, numbness); high level (freezing, crushing, pounding, heavy), medium level (cold, gnawing, pulsing, …

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