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Articles 2821 - 2850 of 5793
Full-Text Articles in Neuroscience and Neurobiology
Windmills Of Your Mind: Understanding The Neurobiology Of Emotion, Debra S. Austin
Windmills Of Your Mind: Understanding The Neurobiology Of Emotion, Debra S. Austin
Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship
This article proposes that law students, legal educators, and lawyers will benefit from developing their neuro-intelligence, as well as their understanding of the impact of emotion and stress on performance, and the how building mental strength can empower their professional and personal lives. With greater neuro-intelligence, individuals can improve well-being and performance, and organizations can leverage healthy human beings to enhance capacity and innovation.
Characterization Of A Phosphomimetic Mutant Of The Als Associated Protein Tdp-43, Nicole Toro
Characterization Of A Phosphomimetic Mutant Of The Als Associated Protein Tdp-43, Nicole Toro
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Trans-activation response (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a natively dimeric 414-residue protein that is encoded by the human TARDBP gene that has important implications in the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative disorders ALS, FTD, and CTE. TDP-43 has been found hyperphosphorylated and ubiquitinated in the aggregates of the affected neurons of these diseases. The discovery of the presence of TDP-43 positive inclusions in brain matter of patients with CTE has made repetitive brain injury a possible environmental stimulus for aggregation in TDP-43 proteinopathies. We expand upon the hypothesis that TDP-43 readily aggregates under agitation conditions and that the addition of …
Ecopedagogy: Learning How To Participate In Ecological Consciousness, Peterson, Eric
Ecopedagogy: Learning How To Participate In Ecological Consciousness, Peterson, Eric
CONSCIOUSNESS: Ideas and Research for the Twenty-First Century
This paper is the result of an inquiry into ecological consciousness through a participatory paradigm. The dialectical relationship between institutionalized education and consciousness is central to this inquiry’s focus. This exploration into ecological consciousness has lead to the following question: How can institutionalized education be designed, delivered, and experienced in a way that nurtures ecological intelligence, ecological consciousness, and more importantly, ecological activism? The ‘sense of self ‘is a central theme within the paper, and led to the conception of intraearthal and interearthal relationships as a way of communicating our need to identify as being in Earth. The author utilizes …
Effect Of Propionic Acid-Derivative Ibuprofen On Neural Stem Call Differentiation; A Potential Link To Autism Spectrum Disorder, Aseelia Samsam
Effect Of Propionic Acid-Derivative Ibuprofen On Neural Stem Call Differentiation; A Potential Link To Autism Spectrum Disorder, Aseelia Samsam
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Propionic acid (PPA) is a short chain fatty acid that is produced by the human gut microbiome. Propionate, butyrate and acetates are the end products of the fermentation of the complex carbohydrates by human gut friendly microbiome and are being used as sources of energy in our body. PPA is used as a food preservative against molds in various daily products and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autism. In a recent study we showed that PPA in human neuronal stem cell (NSC) culture increases the astrocyte population and decreases the neuronal number and increases the inflammatory cytokines. In …
Prediction Of The Outcome In Cardiac Arrest Patients Undergoing Hypothermia Using Eeg Wavelet Entropy, Hana Moshirvaziri
Prediction Of The Outcome In Cardiac Arrest Patients Undergoing Hypothermia Using Eeg Wavelet Entropy, Hana Moshirvaziri
CGU Theses & Dissertations
Cardiac arrest (CA) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Induction of hypothermia has been found to improve the functional recovery of CA patients after resuscitation. However, there is no clear guideline for the clinicians yet to determine the prognosis of the CA when patients are treated with hypothermia. The present work aimed at the development of a prognostic marker for the CA patients undergoing hypothermia. A quantitative measure of the complexity of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, called wavelet sub-band entropy, was employed to predict the patients’ outcomes. We hypothesized that the EEG signals of the patients who …
A Composite Review Of The Proposed Molecular Mechanisms And Genetic Components Underlying Parkinson’S Disease, Paige Brodrick
A Composite Review Of The Proposed Molecular Mechanisms And Genetic Components Underlying Parkinson’S Disease, Paige Brodrick
Scripps Senior Theses
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive death of dopaminergic neurons present in the substantia nigra. The clinical presentation of PD includes tremors, slowed movement (bradykinesia), muscle and limb rigidity, and difficulty with walking and balancing. While many environmental factors can affect the onset and progression of the disease, genetic mutations have a large influence. Of the identified PD-linked genetic mutations, mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are one of the most common genetic causes of PD. Located in endosomes, LRRK2 has been shown to play a role in the sorting and endocytosis …
Nell2 Regulates The Contralateral-Versus-Ipsilateral Visual Projection As A Domain-Specific Positional Cue, Chizu Nakamoto, Elaine Durward, Masato Horie, Masaru Nakamoto
Nell2 Regulates The Contralateral-Versus-Ipsilateral Visual Projection As A Domain-Specific Positional Cue, Chizu Nakamoto, Elaine Durward, Masato Horie, Masaru Nakamoto
Biology Faculty Publications
In mammals with binocular vision, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons from each eye project to eye-specific domains in the contralateral and ipsilateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), underpinning disparity-based stereopsis. Although domain-specific axon guidance cues that discriminate contralateral and ipsilateral RGC axons have long been postulated as a key mechanism for development of the eye-specific retinogeniculate projection, the molecular nature of such cues has remained elusive. Here, we show that the extracellular glycoprotein Nell2 (neural epidermal growth factor-like-like 2) is expressed in the dorsomedial region of the dLGN, which ipsilateral RGC axons terminate in and contralateral axons avoid. In Nell2 …
White Matter Hyperintensities In Vascular Contributions To Cognitive Impairment And Dementia (Vcid): Knowledge Gaps And Opportunities, Jessica Alber, Suvarna Alladi, Hee-Joon Bae, David A. Barton, Laurel A. Beckett, Joanne M. Bell, Sara E. Berman, Geert Jan Biessels, Sandra E. Black, Isabelle Bos, Gene L. Bowman, Emanuele Brai, Adam M. Brickman, Brandy L. Callahan, Roderick A. Corriveau, Silvia Fossati, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Deborah R. Gustafson, Vladimir Hachinski, Kathleen M. Hayden, Alex M. Helman, Timothy M. Hughes, Jeremy D. Isaacs, Angela L. Jefferson, Sterling C. Johnson, Alifiya Kapasi, Silke Kern, Jay C. Kwon, Juraj Kukolja, Athene Lee, Brittani R. Price, Donna M. Wilcock
White Matter Hyperintensities In Vascular Contributions To Cognitive Impairment And Dementia (Vcid): Knowledge Gaps And Opportunities, Jessica Alber, Suvarna Alladi, Hee-Joon Bae, David A. Barton, Laurel A. Beckett, Joanne M. Bell, Sara E. Berman, Geert Jan Biessels, Sandra E. Black, Isabelle Bos, Gene L. Bowman, Emanuele Brai, Adam M. Brickman, Brandy L. Callahan, Roderick A. Corriveau, Silvia Fossati, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Deborah R. Gustafson, Vladimir Hachinski, Kathleen M. Hayden, Alex M. Helman, Timothy M. Hughes, Jeremy D. Isaacs, Angela L. Jefferson, Sterling C. Johnson, Alifiya Kapasi, Silke Kern, Jay C. Kwon, Juraj Kukolja, Athene Lee, Brittani R. Price, Donna M. Wilcock
Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are frequently seen on brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of older people. Usually interpreted clinically as a surrogate for cerebral small vessel disease, WMHs are associated with increased likelihood of cognitive impairment and dementia (including Alzheimer's disease [AD]). WMHs are also seen in cognitively healthy people. In this collaboration of academic, clinical, and pharmaceutical industry perspectives, we identify outstanding questions about WMHs and their relation to cognition, dementia, and AD. What molecular and cellular changes underlie WMHs? What are the neuropathological correlates of WMHs? To what extent are demyelination and inflammation present? Is it helpful to …
The Cost Of Changing Our Minds, Nita A. Farahany
The Cost Of Changing Our Minds, Nita A. Farahany
Faculty Scholarship
The neuroscience revolution poses profound challenges to the doctrine of avoidable consequences in tort law and exposes deep theoretical riddles about the right to our own mental experiences and memories. To address this profound question, this Article begins with a deceptively simple principle of tort law: A victim of tortious wrongdoing by another is held responsible for mitigating her own physical injuries. This Article addresses whether that same doctrine should require a tort victim to likewise mitigate her emotional injuries. The answer to that question is of great and increasing importance because it goes to the heart of how society …
Validations Of Apomorphine-Induced Bold Activation Correlations In Hemiparkinsonian Rhesus Macaques, Jorge E. Quintero, Yi Ai, Anders H. Andersen, Peter A. Hardy, Richard Grondin, Zain Guduru, Don M. Gash, Greg A. Gerhardt, Zhiming Zhang
Validations Of Apomorphine-Induced Bold Activation Correlations In Hemiparkinsonian Rhesus Macaques, Jorge E. Quintero, Yi Ai, Anders H. Andersen, Peter A. Hardy, Richard Grondin, Zain Guduru, Don M. Gash, Greg A. Gerhardt, Zhiming Zhang
Neuroscience Faculty Publications
Identification of Parkinson's disease at the earliest possible stage of the disease may provide the best opportunity for the use of disease modifying treatments. However, diagnosing the disease during the pre-symptomatic period remains an unmet goal. To that end, we used pharmacological MRI (phMRI) to assess the function of the cortico-basal ganglia circuit in a non-human primate model of dopamine deficiency to determine the possible relationships between phMRI signals with behavioral, neurochemical, and histological measurements. Animals with unilateral treatments with the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), that expressed stable, long-term hemiparkinsonism were challenged with the dopaminergic receptor agonist, apomorphine, and structure-specific phMRI …
Melatonin Signaling A Key Regulator Of Glucose Homeostasis And Energy Metabolism, Sharon Owino, Daniella D.C. Buonfiglio, Cynthia Tchio, Gianluca Tosini
Melatonin Signaling A Key Regulator Of Glucose Homeostasis And Energy Metabolism, Sharon Owino, Daniella D.C. Buonfiglio, Cynthia Tchio, Gianluca Tosini
Neuroscience: Faculty Publications
Melatonin, a hormone synthesized by both the pineal gland and retina, functions as an important modulator of a number of physiological functions. In addition to its rather well-established roles in the regulation of circadian rhythms, sleep, and reproduction, melatonin has also been identified as an important regulator of glucose metabolism. Recent genomic studies have also shown that disruption of melatonin receptors signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, although the exact mechanisms underlying its action remain unclear. Additionally, a large number of animal studies have highlighted a role for melatonin in the regulation of both glucose metabolism …
Effect Of Administration Of Somatostatin Analogue On Blood Pressure In Chronic Intermittent Hypoxic Rats, Kajal Kamra
Effect Of Administration Of Somatostatin Analogue On Blood Pressure In Chronic Intermittent Hypoxic Rats, Kajal Kamra
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
The cardiorespiratory system in our bodies does not adapt to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia (CIH) and consequently syndromes such as sleep apnea lead to pathophysiological conditions like Hypertension. It has been demonstrated that the peripheral chemoreceptors underpin the development of these conditions and at present, there are no selective drug therapies for this form of hypertension. However, evidence suggests that peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity to CO2 & hypoxia is reduced by Somatostatin (SST) in humans. Our preliminary in-vitro studies have demonstrated that SST will blunt the response of the carotid body to hypoxia and decrease the baseline activity of the carotid body. …
Exploring Mechanisms Of Persistent Cognitive Deficits In Mice With Transient Hyperhomocysteinemia, Reeya Khanal
Exploring Mechanisms Of Persistent Cognitive Deficits In Mice With Transient Hyperhomocysteinemia, Reeya Khanal
Neuroscience Scholars Theses
Hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) has been found in the elderly and is considered a risk factor for several neurological diseases, especially Alzheimer’s and Vascular Dementia. Previous studies have found an increase in Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) leakage, glial activation, neuronal damage, and cognitive deficit with elevated levels of plasma homocysteine. Lowering homocysteine could be an easy and inexpensive way to reduce the risk of dementia. But it is still not known for sure if reducing plasma homocysteine levels can recover cognitive function. In our transient Hhcy model, 28 mice were given Hhcy inducing or nutritionally matched control diet for 8 weeks and then …
Behavioral And Molecular Analysis Of Memory In The Dwarf Cuttlefish, Jessica M. Bowers
Behavioral And Molecular Analysis Of Memory In The Dwarf Cuttlefish, Jessica M. Bowers
College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations
Complex memory has evolved because it benefits animals in all areas of life, such as remembering the location of food or conspecifics, and learning to avoid dangerous stimuli. Advances made by studying relatively simple nervous systems, such as those in gastropod mollusks, can now be used to study mechanisms of memory in more complex systems. Cephalopods offer a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms of memory in a complex invertebrates. The dwarf cuttlefish, Sepia bandensis, is a useful memory model because its fast development and small size allows it to be reared and tested in large numbers. However, primary literature …
Pharmacologic Profiling Of Novel Compounds Via Fluorometric Analyses Of Monoamine Transporter Responses, Ashkhan Hojati
Pharmacologic Profiling Of Novel Compounds Via Fluorometric Analyses Of Monoamine Transporter Responses, Ashkhan Hojati
Theses and Dissertations
In humans and other organisms, monoaminergic systems are crucial in neuronal function and behavior. The monoamine transporters (MATs), which can be found on the presynaptic plasma membrane of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), are crucial in the regulation of neurotransmitter concentration in the synaptic cleft. As the duration and concentration of neurotransmitters in the cleft affect further downstream signaling responses, these proteins are important targets for both understanding neuronal physiology and compounds of interest. Multiple theories exist proponing the contribution of MATs to a variety of mental and neurological disorders, including depression. This theory establishes that depression is …
Role Of Glial Ccr5 In Mediating Hiv-1 Tat And Opiate Neurotoxicity And Behavioral Phenotype, Sarah Kim
Role Of Glial Ccr5 In Mediating Hiv-1 Tat And Opiate Neurotoxicity And Behavioral Phenotype, Sarah Kim
Theses and Dissertations
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) persists in certain CNS cell populations, despite peripheral control of the infection with modern antiretroviral therapy. Infected and/or activated cells release viral proteins, such as trans-activator of transcription (Tat) and various pro-inflammatory factors such as CCL5, creating a positive loop of neuro-inflammation. This serves as the basis for the resulting sublethal and lethal neuropathology that manifests as a spectrum of HIV-mediated CNS impairments, known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Opiates, which exist as an interlinked epidemic with HIV-1 infections, exacerbate these neurological effects through direct and indirect mechanisms that disrupt both glial and neuronal …
Glial Cell Mechanisms Regulate Alcohol Sedation In Drosophila Melanogaster, Kristen M. Lee
Glial Cell Mechanisms Regulate Alcohol Sedation In Drosophila Melanogaster, Kristen M. Lee
Theses and Dissertations
Approximately 16 million people in America are diagnosed with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) but no efficacious medical treatments exist. Alcohol-related behaviors can be studied in model organisms, and changes in these behaviors can be correlated with either (i) a risk for alcohol dependence or (ii) a symptom/feature of AUD itself. Although AUD is a disease of the central nervous system, a majority of research has focused on the neuronal underpinnings, leaving glial contributions largely undescribed. We used Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) to identify genes whose expression in glia regulates alcohol sedation. Mammals and Drosophila have conserved behavioral responses to alcohol …
Examining Police Officer Satisfaction With Mental Health Resources, Jessica Renee Burke
Examining Police Officer Satisfaction With Mental Health Resources, Jessica Renee Burke
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The purpose of this study was to determine the overall satisfaction officers experience with the mental health resources provided by their department. The research aimed to determine whether or not age had an impact on satisfaction levels of police officers. The results from this research would provide information for law enforcement agencies to use in evaluating their own mental health services. Archival survey data from the National Police Suicide Foundation (n = 48) was used for this study to examine the research question: how does age impact an officer's satisfaction in mental health resources. A linear regression was used to …
A Developmental Study Of Apoptotic Markers And Histamine In Cephalopod Statocysts, Samantha Nicole Leef
A Developmental Study Of Apoptotic Markers And Histamine In Cephalopod Statocysts, Samantha Nicole Leef
Honors Theses and Capstones
Cephalopods can participate in complex navigation using landmarks that show context due to their statocysts. Statocysts are analogous to the vertebrate vestibular and auditory system encased in cartilage rather than bone making them more easily accessible. Age and anatomical dysfunctions are the reasons for many human vestibular malfunctions. Two of these sources are endolymph hydrops and aging. In the past, endolymph pressure changes were attributed to the ineffectual ion transport. Recent studies have illuminated the possibility of histamine receptors in the semicircular canal could be responsible for patients’ endolymph pressure changes rather than the previous belief that the pressure changes …
The Role Of Progesterone Receptor In The Developing Medial Preoptic Nucleus, Diana Lalitsasivimol
The Role Of Progesterone Receptor In The Developing Medial Preoptic Nucleus, Diana Lalitsasivimol
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Numerous neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric diseases have a distinct sex bias in
The Role Of Progesterone Receptor In The Development Of The Mesocortical Serotonergic Pathway, Allyssa Phillips
The Role Of Progesterone Receptor In The Development Of The Mesocortical Serotonergic Pathway, Allyssa Phillips
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The mesocortical serotonergic pathway, consisting of serotonergic fibers projecting from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) to the prefrontal cortex (PFC), regulates higher order executive functions and complex cognitive behaviors. Disruptions in this pathway lead to dysfunction in behavior and have been linked to several clinical disorders, including anxiety and ADHD. While this pathway continues to change throughout the lifespan, it is during early development that this pathway undergoes a rapid period of maturation, with the greatest rate of fiber innervation and synaptogenesis occurring in the mesocortical serotonergic pathway at this time. The development of a properly functioning circuit is directed …
Characterization Of A Novel, Stress-Responsive Sexually Dimorphic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 1 (Crfr1) Nucleus In The Rostral Anteroventral Periventricular Nucleus Of The Mouse, Zachary Julius Rosinger
Characterization Of A Novel, Stress-Responsive Sexually Dimorphic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 1 (Crfr1) Nucleus In The Rostral Anteroventral Periventricular Nucleus Of The Mouse, Zachary Julius Rosinger
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Within the United States, women are at double the risk of men to develop a stress-related mood disorder (e.g., anxiety or depression) during their reproductive years (Kornstein et al., 2000; Kessler et al., 2005). Many factors contribute to the potential sex difference in such disorders, including gonadal hormones (hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis; HPG) and how they interact with the stress response system, or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signals through binding the GS-coupled receptor, CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1), and activity between CRF/CRFR1 regulates the hormonal and behavioral stress response (Chen et al., 1993; Bale and Vale, 2004; Heinrichs et al., 1995; …
Developmental Changes In The Activation And Structure Of The Contextual Fear Neural Circuit From Infancy To Adulthood, Anthony John Santarelli
Developmental Changes In The Activation And Structure Of The Contextual Fear Neural Circuit From Infancy To Adulthood, Anthony John Santarelli
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The contextual fear circuit, centered on the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA), is comprised of projections from the hippocampal formation and prefrontal cortex, and mediates an animals ability to learn and predict associations between the environment and biologically relevant stimuli. While the function and structure of this circuit has been well characterized in adult species, relatively little is known about its development as an animal transitions from infancy to adulthood. Recent evidence has begun to suggest that infants, juveniles, and adolescents may show remarkable heterogeneity in the behavioral, activational, and structural properties of the circuit. In this thesis, I …
Uridine Promotes Neurite Outgrowth In Neuro2a Cells, Jacquelyn Spathies
Uridine Promotes Neurite Outgrowth In Neuro2a Cells, Jacquelyn Spathies
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are the main causes of age-related dementia. These diseases can be due to neuronal cell death and/or impairment of neurite outgrowth. Giant oyster mushroom (GOM), Pleurotus giganteus, is used as a nootropic to improve cognitive function. GOM can also be used to prevent the onset of dementia. The underlying mechanism behind the medicinal property of GOM is unclear. Previous studies have shown that GOM has a high concentration of uridine. In this study, I examined the effects of uridine on neurite outgrowth in the Neuro-2a (N2a) neuroblastoma cell line. We also examined …
Differential Associations Of Distinct Forms Of Childhood Adversity With Neurobehavioral Measures Of Reward Processing: A Developmental Pathway To Depression, Meg J. Dennison, Maya L. Rosen, Kelly A. Sambrook, Jessica L. Jenness, Margaret A. Sheridan, Katie A. Mclaughlin
Differential Associations Of Distinct Forms Of Childhood Adversity With Neurobehavioral Measures Of Reward Processing: A Developmental Pathway To Depression, Meg J. Dennison, Maya L. Rosen, Kelly A. Sambrook, Jessica L. Jenness, Margaret A. Sheridan, Katie A. Mclaughlin
Neuroscience: Faculty Publications
Childhood adversity is associated with altered reward processing, but little is known about whether this varies across distinct types of adversity. In a sample of 94 children (6–19 years), we investigated whether experiences of material deprivation, emotional deprivation, and trauma have differential associations with reward-related behavior and white matter microstructure in tracts involved in reward processing. Material deprivation (food insecurity), but not emotional deprivation or trauma, was associated with poor reward performance. Adversity-related influences on the integrity of white matter microstructure in frontostriatal tracts varied across childhood adversity types, and reductions in frontostriatal white matter integrity mediated the association of …
Frank Beach Award Winner: Neuroendocrinology Of Group Living, Annaliese K. Beery
Frank Beach Award Winner: Neuroendocrinology Of Group Living, Annaliese K. Beery
Neuroscience: Faculty Publications
Why do members of some species live in groups while others are solitary? Group living (sociality) has often been studied from an evolutionary perspective, but less is known about the neurobiology of affiliation outside the realms of mating and parenting. Colonial species offer a valuable opportunity to study nonsexual affiliative behavior between adult peers. Meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) display environmentally induced variation in social behavior, maintaining exclusive territories in summer months, but living in social groups in winter. Research on peer relationships in female meadow voles demonstrates that these selective preferences are mediated differently than mate relationships in …
Molecular Mechanism Of Neurodegeneration Induced By 4-Nonylphenol, Michelle Alejandra Aranda
Molecular Mechanism Of Neurodegeneration Induced By 4-Nonylphenol, Michelle Alejandra Aranda
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Neurodegeneration, a progressive loss of nerve cells, occurs in many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD), as well as in dementia. The pathogenesis of these diseases is unknown, and recent evidence suggests that environmental factors, which act as endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) could play a significant role in developing the disease process. 4-Nonylphenol (4-NP), an EDC, and a ubiquitous environmental toxin has been shown to affect brain development and may cause neurodegeneration. 4-NP is produced in large quantities in the U.S. and used as raw materials for making detergents, pesticides, plastics, paints, cosmetics, rubber, and other industrial/household …
Investigating The Role Of Neuronal Aging In Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome, Katlin Marie Hencak
Investigating The Role Of Neuronal Aging In Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome, Katlin Marie Hencak
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is an X-linked late-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by a noncoding trinucleotide repeat expansion in the FMR1 gene. This gene produces fragile x mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA binding protein whose targets are involved in brain development and synaptic plasticity. One of the proposed mechanisms of FXTAS pathogenesis is an RNA gain-of-function in which the repeat expansion causes toxic mRNA that sequesters important proteins in the cell, interfering with their functions. Another suggested method of pathogenesis is through a mutant protein called FMRpolyG. This protein results from repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation, in which the expanded …
Molecular Basis Of Membrane Pore Formation By Amyloid Beta Peptide, Nabin Kandel
Molecular Basis Of Membrane Pore Formation By Amyloid Beta Peptide, Nabin Kandel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects around 50 million people worldwide and causes cognitive decline, brain atrophy and death. Despite extensive basic and clinical studies and drug development efforts, currently no effective treatments are available for AD. The amyloid β (Aβ) peptide is neurotoxic and is tightly associated with AD pathology, but the molecular mechanism of its action remains unclear. There are various forms of Aβ in the brain, ranging from the full length Aβ1-42 to shorter peptides, such as a strongly toxic Aβ25-35 fragment. The Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis (ACH) postulated that extracellular Aβ deposits cause the …
Rapid No• Measures In Rat Nucleus Accumbens And Frontal Cortex Following Nasal Administration Of Nitroglycerin, Victoria A. Scott
Rapid No• Measures In Rat Nucleus Accumbens And Frontal Cortex Following Nasal Administration Of Nitroglycerin, Victoria A. Scott
Theses and Dissertations--Medical Sciences
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a powerful endogenous free radical that has numerous biological functions including vasodilation and serves as a post synaptic second messenger in the central nervous system (CNS). Numerous studies implicate NO• involvement in CNS disorders such as schizophrenia and drug abuse. These studies address the direct in vivo determination of an FDA-approved NO• donor (nitroglycerin) on extracellular levels of NO• in the frontal cortex and core of the nucleus accumbens in a lightly anesthetized rat. State-of-the-art in vivo amperometric recording techniques coupled with a novel 4-channel low noise pre-amplifier system and new generation microelectrode arrays (MEAs) will …