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Articles 2281 - 2310 of 5792

Full-Text Articles in Neuroscience and Neurobiology

Anatomical Organization And Distinction Of The Sympathetic Inputs To Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue And Inguinal White Adipose Tissue In The Mouse, Clara Jane Huesing Jul 2020

Anatomical Organization And Distinction Of The Sympathetic Inputs To Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue And Inguinal White Adipose Tissue In The Mouse, Clara Jane Huesing

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ that contains both the problem and the solution to discovering new therapies for individuals with obesity. Excessive adipose tissue disrupts energy balance and causes a host of comorbidities like insulin resistance and hypertension. On the other hand, adipose tissue is essential for life. During periods of energy demand, sympathetic nerve activity in brown and white adipose tissue stimulates thermogenesis and lipolysis; both of which decrease body weight and improve metabolic health. Therefore, comprehensive insight into the organization of sympathetic innervation and how it communicates with adipocytes is critical in order to utilize its …

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Secrets Of Slumber: How Do We Get A Good Night’S Sleep?, Srila Chadalavada Jul 2020

Secrets Of Slumber: How Do We Get A Good Night’S Sleep?, Srila Chadalavada

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Cognitive Stimulation As A Mechanism Linking Socioeconomic Status With Executive Function: A Longitudinal Investigation, Maya L. Rosen, Mckenzie P. Hagen, Lucy A. Lurie, Zoe E. Miles, Margaret A. Sheridan, Andrew N. Meltzoff, Katie A. Mclaughlin Jul 2020

Cognitive Stimulation As A Mechanism Linking Socioeconomic Status With Executive Function: A Longitudinal Investigation, Maya L. Rosen, Mckenzie P. Hagen, Lucy A. Lurie, Zoe E. Miles, Margaret A. Sheridan, Andrew N. Meltzoff, Katie A. Mclaughlin

Neuroscience: Faculty Publications

Executive functions (EF), including working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility, vary as a function of socioeconomic status (SES), with children from economically disadvantaged backgrounds having poorer performance than their higher SES peers. Using observational methods, we investigated cognitive stimulation in the home as a mechanism linking SES with EF. In a sample of 101 children aged 60–75 months, cognitive stimulation fully mediated SES-related differences in EF. Critically, cognitive stimulation was positively associated with the development of inhibition and cognitive flexibility across an 18-month follow-up period. Furthermore, EF at T1 explained SES-related differences in academic achievement at T2. Early cognitive stimulation—a …

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Ocd-Adhd Together: A Walking Contradiction, Chloe Hall Jul 2020

Ocd-Adhd Together: A Walking Contradiction, Chloe Hall

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Daydreaming Of Genius: Insight And The Wandering Mind, Kevin Crawford Jul 2020

Daydreaming Of Genius: Insight And The Wandering Mind, Kevin Crawford

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Poppies, Pain, And Public Health Crises: How Pain Treatment Shaped The American Opioid Epidemic, Lindsay Spitz Jul 2020

Poppies, Pain, And Public Health Crises: How Pain Treatment Shaped The American Opioid Epidemic, Lindsay Spitz

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Past Lives: How Intergenerational Trauma Shapes Mental Health, Ariel Neumann Jul 2020

Past Lives: How Intergenerational Trauma Shapes Mental Health, Ariel Neumann

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Contents Jul 2020

Contents

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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No Need To Fear, The Glial Scar Is Here, Lauren Graf Jul 2020

No Need To Fear, The Glial Scar Is Here, Lauren Graf

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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This Is Your Mood On Drugs, Adam Roesner Jul 2020

This Is Your Mood On Drugs, Adam Roesner

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Let's Talk About Sex: Differences In The Expression And Experience Of Autism Based On Sex, Sarah Hudson Jul 2020

Let's Talk About Sex: Differences In The Expression And Experience Of Autism Based On Sex, Sarah Hudson

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Let There Be Light: Optogenetic Treatment Of Blindness, Mara Kaspers Jul 2020

Let There Be Light: Optogenetic Treatment Of Blindness, Mara Kaspers

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Sleep It Off: How Sleep Quality Influences Outcomes Of Traumatic Brain Injury, Greg Boyer Jul 2020

Sleep It Off: How Sleep Quality Influences Outcomes Of Traumatic Brain Injury, Greg Boyer

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Emphatic About The Glymphatic: The Brain's Waste Removal System As Therapy For Alzheimer's Disease, Katrina Simchick Jul 2020

Emphatic About The Glymphatic: The Brain's Waste Removal System As Therapy For Alzheimer's Disease, Katrina Simchick

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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The Winter Blues: Are You Sad?, Caitlyn Haas Jul 2020

The Winter Blues: Are You Sad?, Caitlyn Haas

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Thinking Juul Is Cool? The Real Truth About E-Cigarettes & Vaping, Julia Green Jul 2020

Thinking Juul Is Cool? The Real Truth About E-Cigarettes & Vaping, Julia Green

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Scientific Kenyon: Neuroscience Edition (Full Issue) Jul 2020

Scientific Kenyon: Neuroscience Edition (Full Issue)

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Drinking To Remember: Is Wine Good For Your Brain?, Ethan Bradley Jul 2020

Drinking To Remember: Is Wine Good For Your Brain?, Ethan Bradley

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

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Investigation Of The Role Of Heparin-Binding Pocket In Amyloid Fibrils Formation Of Fgf-1, I Gusti Ayu Agung Septiari Jul 2020

Investigation Of The Role Of Heparin-Binding Pocket In Amyloid Fibrils Formation Of Fgf-1, I Gusti Ayu Agung Septiari

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Human acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF/hFGF-1) is one of the promising molecules to be investigated to generate an in-depth understanding of the pathological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of amyloid fibrils. Some in vivo and human brain tissue studies proved the correlation of high-level expression of FGF-1-induced neuroinflammation and the occurrence of AD. The presence of amyloid fibrils as a hallmark of AD can be related to the generic property of the proteins to form amyloid fibrils; High level of FGF-1, in this case, may contribute to the formation of amyloid fibrils. As a …

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An Eeg Study On Loneliness And Recognition Memory, Carmen Jia Wen Chek Jun 2020

An Eeg Study On Loneliness And Recognition Memory, Carmen Jia Wen Chek

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Loneliness, the perception of unmet social needs, has been shown to relate to recollection-based recognition deficits, but the relationship between loneliness and recognition memory (i.e., recollection and familiarity) has not been thoroughly examined. The current study hypothesized that more lonely individuals would have lower recognition memory performance, specifically recollection, with smaller ERP parietal old-new effects than less lonely individuals. Forty participants, grouped into less (n = 13) and more (n = 9) lonely groups based on their R-UCLA responses, completed an associative memory task. EEG was used to assess recognition memory effects. Results showed no significant difference in …

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The Trauma Of Head Injury Jun 2020

The Trauma Of Head Injury

DePaul Magazine

Thanks to the vision and leadership of Vincent de Paul Professor of Biological Sciences Dorothy Kozlowski, who has teamed with scientists and researchers across the country, DePaul is playing an instrumental role in advancing our understanding of the speci­fic causes and e‑ffects of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In collaboration with colleagues at DePaul partner institution Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Kozlowski developed a novel animal model to study the connection between repeat concussions and long-term health problems. Some of the research includes looking at learning and memory on the cellular level for those with Alzheimer’s and TBI, and …

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Circuits With Broken Fibration Symmetries Perform Core Logic Computations In Biological Networks, Ian Leifer, Flaviano Morone, Saulo D. S. Reis, José S. Andrade Jr., Mariano Sigman, Hernán A. Makse Jun 2020

Circuits With Broken Fibration Symmetries Perform Core Logic Computations In Biological Networks, Ian Leifer, Flaviano Morone, Saulo D. S. Reis, José S. Andrade Jr., Mariano Sigman, Hernán A. Makse

Publications and Research

We show that logic computational circuits in gene regulatory networks arise from a fibration symmetry breaking in the network structure. From this idea we implement a constructive procedure that reveals a hierarchy of genetic circuits, ubiquitous across species, that are surprising analogues to the emblematic circuits of solid-state electronics: starting from the transistor and progressing to ring oscillators, current-mirror circuits to toggle switches and flip-flops. These canonical variants serve fundamental operations of synchronization and clocks (in their symmetric states) and memory storage (in their broken symmetry states). These conclusions introduce a theoretically principled strategy to search for computational building blocks …

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Barriers To Prenatal Care For Hispanic Immigrants In Utah County, Maren Monson Jun 2020

Barriers To Prenatal Care For Hispanic Immigrants In Utah County, Maren Monson

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This thesis examines four barriers that may inhibit Hispanic immigrant women from receiving care in Utah County, including language, insurance, documentation, and education. Six clinics in Utah County were contacted to determine how the services they provide account for these barriers. Nine Hispanic women were then interviewed about their experience with prenatal care in Utah County with respect to the four barriers. Interpretation services were offered by each clinic, though none of the women interviewed used professional interpretation—either their husbands translated, or they met with a Spanish-speaking doctor. Every clinic accepted insurance and Medicaid, while one clinic had a flexible …

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Long-Term Impact Of Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries On Multiple Functional Outcomes And Epigenetics: A Pilot Study With College Students, Hyunhwa Lee, Sungchul Lee, Ipuna Black, Laura Salado, Jonica Estrada, Katrina Isla Jun 2020

Long-Term Impact Of Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries On Multiple Functional Outcomes And Epigenetics: A Pilot Study With College Students, Hyunhwa Lee, Sungchul Lee, Ipuna Black, Laura Salado, Jonica Estrada, Katrina Isla

Nursing Faculty Research

People who suffer a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have heterogeneous symptoms and disease trajectories, which make it difficult to precisely assess long-term complications. This pilot study assessed and compared deficits in cognitive, psychosocial, visual functions, and balance performance between college students with and without histories of mTBI. Global DNA methylation ratio (5-mC%) in blood was also compared as a peripheral epigenetic marker. Twenty-five volunteers participated, including 14 healthy controls (64.3% females; mean age of 22.0) and 11 mTBI cases (27.3% females; mean age of 28.7 years) who self-reported mTBI history (63.6% multiple; 2.5 ± 1.29 injuries) with 7.1 years …

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Gene Regulation And Cell Fate Choice In The Developing Vertebrate Retina, Sruti Patoori Jun 2020

Gene Regulation And Cell Fate Choice In The Developing Vertebrate Retina, Sruti Patoori

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The diverse neuronal cell types in the vertebrate retina all originate from multipotent retinal progenitor cells (RPCs). These undergo a series of molecular changes driven by developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) as they divide to generate RPCs which are more restricted in their potential fates. It is crucial to understand these GRNs and changes to gene expression in order to understand how cell identity is established during retinal development. In particular, the GRN that promotes the development of cone photoreceptors and horizontal cells is not well-defined. This work focuses on two approaches to further elucidate the components of this regulatory …

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Proactive And Reactive Aggression, Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia, And Sleep In Adolescents, Allison L. Brasch Jun 2020

Proactive And Reactive Aggression, Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia, And Sleep In Adolescents, Allison L. Brasch

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Current research evaluating the relationship between proactive and reactive aggression, sleep, and autonomic dysfunction has shown inconsistencies. The unique etiologies, manifestations, and presentation of these two aggressive subtypes have garnered much speculation, and research has shown mixed, and oftentimes conflicting, results. Generally speaking, insufficient sleep has been linked to increased agitation, cognitive impairment, emotional dysregulation, and poorer physical health. Many studies have provided support for an inverse relationship existing between sleep problems and sympathovagal health, implicating hypo- or hyper-autonomic function with proactive and reactive aggression, respectively. Concurrently and conflictingly, additional research has shown support for the exact opposite relationships between …

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The Impact Of A Single Session Of Mindfulness Meditation On The Attentional Blink In Non-Meditators, Arielle L. Klopsis Jun 2020

The Impact Of A Single Session Of Mindfulness Meditation On The Attentional Blink In Non-Meditators, Arielle L. Klopsis

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Attentional resources are limited therefore a stimulus can go undetected if it closely follows another target by 200-500ms. This phenomenon is known as the attentional blink. Mindfulness meditation has been shown to be beneficial in target detection and in decreasing the attentional blink. Since there is no standard for the type of meditation or duration of practice that leads to attention benefits, this study compares the two most popular types of meditation in a group of non-meditators: focused attention and open monitoring meditation. This study utilized an attentional blink paradigm to measure if a single session of mindfulness meditation can …

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The Effects Of Self-Esteem And Motivation On Cognitive Control, Andrea Benavides Jun 2020

The Effects Of Self-Esteem And Motivation On Cognitive Control, Andrea Benavides

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Cognitive control describes a set of mechanisms that guide behavior towards a goal (Cohen, 2017). The successful execution of cognitive control is essential for effective learning, information processing, problem solving, and academic achievement (Visu-Petra et al., 2011). The Expected Value of Control framework (EVC; Shenhav et al., 2013) suggests that control carries an inherent cost, which is weighed against the potential benefits of expending it. This cost-benefit analysis determines the direction and intensity that a goal is pursued. Importantly, motivation plays a role in this cost-benefit analysis and may function as the factor that offsets the cost of control expenditure …

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Modulation Of Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Activity With Low Intensity Electric And Ultrasound Stimulation, Ahmet S. Asan May 2020

Modulation Of Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Activity With Low Intensity Electric And Ultrasound Stimulation, Ahmet S. Asan

Dissertations

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques garner significant interest due to their potential to offer instantaneous and region-specific treatments to neurological disorders. The cerebellum is one of the target sites for NIBS methods due to its central role in motor and cognitive functions. Among several modulation techniques, transcranial electric stimulations (tEs), in particular, transcranial direct and alternating current stimulations (tDCs/tACs), and low intensity focused ultrasound stimulation (LIFUS) show encouraging outcomes in clinical applications. tDCs and tACs are favored due to their low cost and accessibility while LIFUS offers high spatial resolution and deeper penetration without affecting the surrounding structures. In order …

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Data Assimilation For Conductance-Based Neuronal Models, Matthew Moye May 2020

Data Assimilation For Conductance-Based Neuronal Models, Matthew Moye

Dissertations

This dissertation illustrates the use of data assimilation algorithms to estimate unobserved variables and unknown parameters of conductance-based neuronal models. Modern data assimilation (DA) techniques are widely used in climate science and weather prediction, but have only recently begun to be applied in neuroscience. The two main classes of DA techniques are sequential methods and variational methods. Throughout this work, twin experiments, where the data is synthetically generated from output of the model, are used to validate use of these techniques for conductance-based models observing only the voltage trace. In Chapter 1, these techniques are described in detail and the …

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