Population Biology Commons^™

Decreased Reproductive Investment Of Female Threespine Stickleback Gasterosteus Aculeatus Infected With The Cestode Schistocephalus Solidus: Parasite Adaptation, Host Adaptation, Or Side Effect?, Eric T. Schultz, Michelle Topper, David C. Heins

EEB Articles

Parasitic infections may cause alterations in host life history, including changes in reproductive investment (absolute amount of energy allocated to reproduction) and reproductive effort (proportion of available energy allocated to reproduction). Such changes in host life history may reflect: 1) a parasite tactic: the parasite adaptively manipulates energy flow within the host so that the host is induced to make a reduction in reproductive effort and reproductive investment, making more energy available to the parasite; 2) no tactic: there is no change in host reproductive effort and reproductive investment simply decreases as a side effect of the parasite depleting host …

The Winter Ecology Of The Piping Plover (Charadrius Melodus) In Coastal Georgia, Brandon Lennon Noel

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Author's abstract: The Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) is a federally listed species with three distinct breeding populations, including Great Plains (threatened), Great Lakes (endangered), and Atlantic Coast (threatened), all of which winter along the Atlnatic and Gulf coasts of the United States. I studied the winter ecology of the Piping Plovers on Little St. Simons Island (LSSI), Georgia, from 2003-2006, with emphasis on the conservation significance of this site for the endangered Great Lakes population. During 2003-2004 and 2004-2005, LSSI supported up to 100 Piping Plovers during peak migration, and approximately 40 birds wintered at this site. All populations had …

Ecology Of The Missouri River. Progress Report, Dingell-Johnson Project F-75-R-24, Supplement I - Missouri River Creel Survey, Camp Creek To Kansas State Line, 1 April Through 13 October 2006., Gerald Mestl

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

This report describes Missouri River activities and results related to a channelized Missouri River creel survey conducted from 29 March through 10 October 2003. This is the fourth of a planned annual creel survey to be conducted on alternating sections of the channelized Missouri River to measure changes in recreational fishing activity, especially those changes due to large scale habitat restoration efforts. Future reports will contain additional analyses of these data. Anglers spent over 30,000 hours fishing the Missouri River from Camp Creek (rk 883.5) to the Kansas state line (rk 790.2) during the survey period. Effort peaked during the …

Leptodactylus Fragilis (Brocchi): White-Lipped Thin-Toed Frog, Miriam M. Heyer, W. Ronald Heyer, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

Adult Leptodactylus fragilis are small. The head is longer than wide, and the hind limbs are moderately long (Table 1; Heyer and Thompson 2000 provided definitions of adult size and leg length categories for Leptodactylus). Male vocal sacs are laterally expanded and range from lightly gray speckled to darkly pigmented. Male snout is spatulate; female snout is rounded. Male forearms are not hypertrophied and males lack asperities on the thumbs and chest. The dorsum is spotted or blotched with dark markings, which are often chevron-shaped and sometimes confluent. The supratympanic fold is dark brown. A pair of dorsolateral folds …

The Dynamics Of Bay Anchovy In The Hudson River Estuary: Process-Oriented Studies And Long-Term Changes, Eric T. Schultz, Kamazima M. M. Lwiza, John R. Young, Kyle J. Hartman, R. C. Tipton

EEB Articles

We review three areas of recent research on Hudson River bay anchovy. One focus has been the along-estuary movement of early life stages. A cohort analysis of samples collected in a spatiotemporally extensive monitoring program has confirmed that early-stage anchovy migrate up-estuary, at an estimated rate of 0.6 km/d. Complementary fine-scale field sampling was designed to clarify behaviors that effect the migration. This work found that early-stage anchovy can show preferences for depth and can conduct periodic vertical migration. To determine whether these behaviors were sufficient to produce up-estuary migration, larval flux and velocity were estimated. These estimates were consistent …

Celastrina Serotina (Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae): A New Butterfly Species From The Northeastern United States And Eastern Canada, Harry Pavulaan, David M. Wright

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

A new light-venter Azure species, Celastrina serotina, is described from the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. The flight period of this univoltine spring species is interpolated (allochrony) between its sympatric congeners, C. lucia Auctorum (not Kirby) and C. neglecta (Edwards). In this regard it is similar to C. neglectamajor Opler & Krizek in the southern Appalachians and C. idella Wright & Pavulaan on the New Jersey coastal plain. In a significant portion of its range, C. serotina larvae feed on eriophyid mite-formed galls on the upper surface of Black Cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh. …

Fisheries Occasional Publication No. 29 - Western Rock Lobster Fishery Effects Of Fishing On The Ecosystem - Scientific Reference Group (Chairman's Report No. 3, February 2005), Department Of Fisheries, Western Australia

Fisheries Occasional Publications

The Western Rock Lobster Effects of Fishing on the Ecosystem Scientific Reference Group (the SRG) was convened jointly by the Department of Fisheries and the WA Fishing Industry Council (WAFIC). The SRG met on Tuesday 1 February 2005 at the Fremantle Sailing Club, and this document is the official report from that meeting.

Integrated Fisheries Management. Draft Allocation Report. Western Rock Lobster Resource A Discussion Paper, Integrated Fisheries Allocation Advisory Committee

Fisheries Management Papers

In this report the Committee had given a number of draft recommendations regarding the allocations of the West Coast Rock Lobster Managed Fishery. This paper allows for the public to view these allocations and put forward their submissions.

Biodemography Of A Long-Lived Tephritid: Reproduction And Longevity In A Large Cohort Of Female Mexican Fruit Flies, Anastrepha Ludens, James R. Carey, Pablo Liedo, Hans-Georg Müller, Jane-Ling Wang, Damla Senturke, Lawrence G. Harshman

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

Age of sexual maturity, daily and lifetime reproductive rates, and life span were recorded in a laboratory cohort of Mexican fruit flies consisting of over 1100 females maintained individually. The results revealed that, relative to the medfly, the Mexfly is slower maturing (14 vs 17 days), more fecund (1400 vs 650–1100 eggs/female), and longer lived (50 vs 35 days). The results reinforced the generality of several earlier findings on the medfly including the deceleration of mortality at older ages and the weakness of the correlation between the rate of egg laying at early ages and both subsequent reproduction and remaining …

The Symmetry Of Longevity, Lawrence G. Harshman, Hans-Georg Müller, Xueli Liu, Yue Wang, James R. Carey

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

We tested the hypothesis that relatively symmetrical flies live longer. Vein measurements on the left and right wings from the same individual were used to characterize bilateral symmetry in relationship to age-specific survival in defined cohorts. A longitudinal cohort study supported the hypothesis of a correlation between bilateral symmetry and longevity. For another type of experiment, wings were removed from females and males at approximately the beginning of adult life. Thus, there would be no effect of wings per se on adult survival. These wings were measured to characterize bilateral asymmetry, and the day of death of each dewinged individual …

A Phylogenetic Analysis Of Vanzolinius Heyer, 1974 (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae): Taxonomic And Life History Implications, Rafael O. De Sá, W. Ronald Heyer, Arley Camargo

Biology Faculty Publications

The validity of the monotypic leptodactylid frog genus Vanzolinius Heyer, 1974 has been questioned recently. We explore the relationship of Vanzolinius discodactylus within the cluster of closely related genera Adenomera, Leptodacylus, and Lithodytes with both morphological and molecular data sets. Morphological and combined morphological and molecular data were analyzed using maximum parsimony; molecular data sets were analyzed with maximum likelihood methods. The resultant relationships are unambiguous in Vanzolinius being imbedded within Leptodactylus. In order to maintain Leptodactylus as a monophyletic genus, Vanzolinius is placed in the synonymy of Leptodactylus Fitzinger, 1826. The implications of relationships analyzed in …

Redescripción De La Morfología Larval Externa De Dos Especies Del Grupo De Leptodactylus Fuscus (Anura, Leptodactylidae), José A. Langone, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

Re-description of the larval external morphology of two species of the Leptodactylus fuscus group (Anura, Leptodactylidae). The larvae of Leptodactylus gracilis (D’Orbigny y Bibron, 1840) and L. mystacinus Bumeister, 1861 are re-described and compared with previous descriptions noting intraspecific variation in oral disc characteristics (arrangement of papillae and rows of cornified teeth). The external morphological analysis of larvae of the Leptodactylus fuscus group suggest that the lack of comparable descriptions among species, as well as the lack of analyses of their intraspecific variation, limits the use of larval characteristics for diagnostic purposes.

The Effect Of Human Predation, Rats And Goats On Small Colonies Of Wedge-Tailed Shearwaters (Puffinus Pacificus) In Southwest Madagascar, Alexis P. Will

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Three islands: Betsiboko, Jamanjaky Be and Jamanjaky Roa, off the coast of Morombe in Southwest Madagascar were visited in November 2005 to verify the existence and evaluate the health of wedge-tailed shearwater (Puffinus pacificus) colonies that were described by Otto Appert in the 1960’s (Hawkins (a) 2005; Hawkins (b) 2005). These three islands experience varying degrees of human use, ranging from low: light human predation on shearwater chicks, to high: the presence of domestic animals, collecting fuelwood on the island and more intensive harvesting of chicks. Interviews were conducted with the local Vezo (fishing) people to quantify the human predation …

A Five Year Management Strategy For Recreational Fishing On The South Coast. The Minister For Fisheries' Decision In Response To The Final Report Of The South Coast Recreational Fishing Working Group., Jon Ford (Minister For Fisheries; The Kimberley, Pilbara And Gascoyne)

Fisheries Management Papers

After careful consideration of the South Coast Recreational Fishing Working Group’s recommendations and the wide range of issues raised in submissions, I have made my decisions in respect to the future management arrangements for recreational fishing in South Coast Region. I believe the new management arrangements which will be implemented in 1 January 2006 will go a long way to protecting recreational fishing quality and meeting the long term needs for the sustainable management of recreational fishing. I did note that some of the most pressing concerns raised during public meetings, and in submissions, related to the interaction between the …

Proposals For Community Discussion : A Quality Future For The Recreational Marron Fishery : A Five-Year Draft Strategy To Ensure The Long-Term Sustainability Of The Marron Fishery, Recreational Freshwater Fisheries Stakeholder Sub-Committee

Fisheries Management Papers

While some of the factors threatening the future of the marron fishery can be managed via traditional fisheries controls, many fall outside of the Department of Fisheries’ jurisdiction and require a ‘whole of Government’ approach to management. To help ensure a quality future for the recreational marron fishery, the Recreational Freshwater Fisheries Stakeholder Sub-committee (RFFSS) has now developed a set of draft management proposals designed to form the basis of a five-year management plan for the fishery.

Benthic Biological Monitoring Program Of The Elizabeth River Watershed (2004), Daniel M. Dauer

Elizabeth River Reports

Executive Summary

Macrobenthic communities of the Elizabeth River watershed have been quantitatively sampled since summer 1999. This report presents the data from the sixth year of sampling in 2004. The three objectives of the Benthic Biological Monitoring Program of the Elizabeth River watershed are: (1) To characterize the health of the tidal waters of the Elizabeth River watershed as indicated by the structure of the benthic communities. ( 2) To conduct trend analyses on long-term data at 14 fixed-point stations to relate temporal trends in the benthic communities to changes in water and/or sediment quality. Trend analyses will be updated …

Ecology Of The Missouri River: Missouri River Creel Survey, Bellevue Bridge To Camp Creek, 3 April Through 29 May 2004, Gerald Mestl

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

The Nebraska Game and Parks Commission's strategic plan has stated the following management goal for the Missouri River: Restore, protect, and maintain the diversity of historic Missouri River habitats, resources, and ecosystem functions in order that present and future generations may enjoy consumptive and non-consumptive outdoor recreational opportunities (NGPC 1996). To accomplish this goal the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission identified the following five objectives: • To restore terrestrial and aquatic floodplain habitat types by 2008. This would include old oxbows, chutes, side channels, sand bars, backwaters, wetlands, and other shallow water habitats. To restore ftows that reflect the natural …

"Sibling Species, Advertisement Calls, And Reproductive Isolation In Frogs Of The Leptodactylus Pentadactylus Species Cluster (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae), W. Ronald Heyer, Rafael O. De Sá, A. Rettig

Biology Faculty Publications

A recent re-evaluation of morphological and advertisement call variation in the large species of frogs of the Leptodactylus pentadactylus cluster discovered more examples of sibling species as defined by Ernst Mayr in his influential book Animal Species and Evolution. All previously documented instances of sibling species in frogs demonstrated advertisement call differentiation consistent with the calls serving as pre-mating isolating mechanisms. However, we find one instance of two species with nondistinguishable adult morphologies as well as nondistinguishable advertisement calls. Presumably, the new instances of sibling species reflect retention of ancestral adult morphologies and advertisement calls. Larval and habitat differentiation appear …

Species Limits Within The Mexican Garter Snakes Of The Thamnophis Godmani Complex, Douglas A. Rossman, Frank T. Burbrink

Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University

The highly variable Thamniphis godmani complex of southern Mexico, comprised of four apparently allopatric populations, was examined by using 28 morphological characters scored on 214 specimens. Character values were tested with univariate and multivariate statistics to determine if populations are morphologically distinct. The results suggest that the four populations represent independently evolving lineages. Four species, three previously undescribed, are recognized in the T. godmani complex. A lectotype is designated for T. godmani. For each species, a diagnosis description of holotype or lectotype, summary of interspecific variation, and statement of distribution are provided. Comparisons are made with T. errans, alleged to …

Taxonomic Analysis Of The Genus Megisto (Satyridae) In The Eastern United States, Part I: Types, Type Localities, And Taxonomic Relationships Of The Available Names, Ronald R. Gatrelle

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

The genus Megisto Hübner, 1819 in the eastern United States and southeastern Canada is currently comprised of the original epithets Papilio eurytus Fabricius, 1775, Papilio cymela Cramer, 1777, Papilio eurytris, Fabricius, 1793, and Neonympha eurytris viola Maynard, 1891. Because the eastern Megisto is considered by some, including the present author, to contain two or more sibling species, the types and type localities of each of these names were studied. Where no type was found and no type locality fixed, typification was established by lectotypification or neotypification and a type locality was fixed. The taxonomic relationship of these taxa were …

Western Rock Lobster Fishery - Ecological Risk Assessment 2005 Report., Mark Burgman

Fisheries Management Papers

The first two parts of the document provide background on the western rock lobster fishery and its governance. The third and fourth parts outline reporting requirements for the Ecologically Sustainable Development process and the specifics of the risk assessment process applied here. These sections are based substantially on reports written earlier by the Department of Fisheries and distributed to participants in the risk assessment process. They have been edited here to include only the details that were pertinent to this risk assessment. Parts 5, 6 and 7 provide the outcomes of the hazard elicitation workshop with stakeholders and the subsequent …

A Five-Year Management Strategy For Recreational Fishing On The South Coast Of Western Australia. Final Report, South Coast Recreational Fishing Working Group.

Fisheries Management Papers

The development of this strategy represents a significant step in protecting recreational fishing quality in the South Coast Region and meeting the long-term needs for the sustainable management of recreational fishing. All recommendations contained in this report were made only after careful consideration of the submissions and issues which were raised at public meetings, along with the action needed to be taken to protect the long-term sustainability of our fish stocks.

Range Expansion By Moose Into Coastal Temperate Rainforests Of British Columbia, Canada, C. T. Darimont, P. C. Paquet, T. E. Reimchen, V. Crichton

Biogeography and Ecological Opportunity Collection

Ranges of species are dynamic and respond to long-term climate change and contemporary effects such as habitat modification. We report here that moose (Alces alces) have recently colonized coastal temperate rainforests of British Columbia, Canada. Contrary to recent publications, field observations of moose and their sign, combined with their occurrence in wolf (Canis lupus) faeces, suggest that moose are now widespread on the coastal mainland and occur on least three islands. Traditional ecological knowledge (information accumulated by aboriginal peoples about their environment) suggests that colonization occurred during the mid 1900s, concomitant with logging of major watersheds that bisect the Coast …

2002 Licensed Angler Survey: Summarized Results, Keith L. Hurley, Kristin L. Duppong-Hurley

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

On October 22, 2002, 5000 six-page surveys (Appendix 3) were sent to a stratified-random sample of Nebraska anglers drawn from the 2001 licensed anglers database. The database included all anglers who purchased a fishing license in 2001 as well as all lifetime fishing permit holders who purchased their license before or during 2001. The database did not include those possessing a free permit, such as veteran’s or senior citizen permits. The survey subsample (2.6% of the 2001-licensed angler database) was stratified such that the proportions of surveys in the subsample (4366 residents and 634 non-residents) matched the proportions of resident/non-resident …

Fisheries Occasional Paper No. 20 - Management Of Western Rock Lobster Fishery - Advice To Stakeholders - Assessment Of Southern Zone Resource Sustainability Options, Department Of Fisheries, Western Australia

Fisheries Occasional Publications

The management options presented in this paper have been developed in close cooperation with the rock lobster industry to address the short-term sustainability and economic concerns regarding the level of exploitation and its impact on the breeding stock in the southern region. The main focus in the short-term is to consider options that reduce fishing effort during periods that may be economically inefficient to fish and at the same time reduce the level of exploitation.

The management package does not address the serious long-term sustainability or socioeconomic issues (e.g. cost pressures and related fleet capacity) facing the industry. If the …

Using Geographic Information Systems To Examine Red Wolf Home Range And Habitat Use In The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Harry Ford Mauney

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

A Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis was conducted to determine home range and habitat use patterns of the reintroduced red wolf (Canis rufus) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP). To facilitate this GIS analysis, the original telemetry data was first converted from obsolete file formats into a contemporary database. When spatial movement patterns of animals are analyzed with regard to habitat characteristics, habitat use patterns may be revealed. In order to ascertain gender-based home range and core area size differences, home range and core areas were determined for 16 of 31 red wolf data sets (9 male, 7 …

A Comparison Of Population Sizes And Number Of Captures For The Desert Woodrat (Neotoma Lepida) In Two Microhabitats In The Las Vegas Wash, Nevada, Jayson Barangan

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Planned removal and eradication of saltcedar in the Las Vegas Wash, Nevada could potentially generate adverse impacts on present desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida) populations inhabiting the area. Consequently, research was conducted investigating population sizes of N. lepida in two distinct microhabitat types, saltcedar (Tamarix sp.) and mesquite/quailbush (Prosopis sp./Atriplex lentiformis). The results of this study will aid in gauging the effects of the changes in vegetation once restoration work is completed and assist with logistical scheduling for implementation of control measures. Mark-recapture field techniques were utilized for data collection from July 2002 to June 2003. Population estimates were calculated using …

Immature Stages Of Estigmene Acrea From Guatemala (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), Jack Harry

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

The immature stages of Estigmene acrea Drury are described and figured. The larval host utilized was Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis (cauliflower).

Immature Stages Of Colias Johanseni From Arctic Canada (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), Jack Harry

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

The immature stages of Colias johanseni are described and figured. The probable larval host plant is Hedysarum mackenziei, a common arctic legume.

Immature Stages Of Colias Occidentalis Sullivani From Oregon (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), Jack Harry

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

The immature stages of Colias occidentalis sullivani Hammond and McCorkle are described and figured. The larval host is Lathyrus rigidus White.