Biochemistry Commons^™

Purification And Properties Of Triosephosphate Isomerase From Selected Chlorophyta, John C. Meeks

All Master's Theses

It is the purpose of this study to purify and investigate some of the properties of triosephosphate isomerase from two unicellular green algae 1 Ankistrodesmus Braunii and Scenedesmus acuminatus, and one filamentous green alga, Chara sp.

Pigments Of The Crinoid Florometra Serretissima, Guy Allen Howard

All Master's Theses

The purpose of the present study is to separate and identify the pigments responsible for the bright orange color of the crinoid Florometra serretissima. This is the first reported investigation of the pigmentation of this particular crinoid.

The Biosynthesis Of Aminolevulinic Acid In Relation To Iron And Enzyme, Daniel Ming-Yi Teng

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The survey of plant species for aminolevalinic acid synthetase (ALAS) source was conducted. Under the conditions of this study, spinach leaves were found to be a good source of ALAS activity. The amount of amino levulinic acid (ALA) synthesized by the plant extracts was very small and was rapidly metabolized to porphyrins. ALA and porphyrin synthesis was found to be confined to the particulate fractions. Rupturing of the particles with ultrasonifier enhanced the penetration of succinyl-CoA and increased the activity. Direct study of the ALAS activity was enabled by the utilization of C¹⁴-compounds to the isolation by column …

Interaction Of Inorganic And Organic Fluoride Ions With Available Calcium On Root Growth In Triticum Vulgare, L., Subbanaidu Ramagopal

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A method has been described to suspend seedling wheat roots in a saturated atmosphere. Wheat (Triticum vulgate, L.) seeds were germinated in aluminum trays and the seedlings transferred to seedling chambers. After a day's growth, the roots were treated with various concentrations of solutions containing CaSO₄, KCl, KF, NaCL, NaF, CH₃COONa, FCH₂COONa, K₂C₂O₄ and Na₂EDTA and observations were recorded 24 and 48 hours after treatment. The new root growth was described with respect to root hairs, root tissue collapse and root discoloration. Total length and …

Fluoroorganic Compounds In Relation To Hydrogen Fluoride Exposures In Leaves Of Glycine Max Merr., Julie Ye-O Cheng

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Soybean plants were fumigated in HF and the organic acid-fractions of the leaf extracts were compared to those of the leaf extracts from soybean plants grown in nutrient solution containing fluoroacetate. The extracts from both treatments contained fluoroorganic compounds that were chromatographically similar to fluoroacetate and fluorocitrate.

The fluorocitrate separated from HF fumigated leaves was found to inhibit aconitase prepared from pig-heart. This inhibition was similar to that caused by commercial fluorocitrate and the fluorocitrate synthesized using guinea-pig kidney. The aconitase from soybean leaves was found to be sensitive to fluorocitrate as the aconitase that isolated from pig-heart. Inorganic fluoride …

Alkali Liberated Phenolic Acids From Alfalfa, Leslie Huey-Seng Huang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Fourteen compounds were isolated from an alkaline hydrolyzed extract of alfalfa leaves by using cellulose thin layer plates. The R_f values, fluorescent characteristics, and color reactions were given for all the compounds isolated.

Eight of these were identified as trans-ferulic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, trans-caffeic acid, o-coumaric acid, tricin, syringic acid, cis-ferulic acid and cis-p-coumaric acid. The identity of the compounds was confirmed by comparison of the R_f values on thin layer chromatograms, fluorescent characteristics under ultraviolet light, and color reactions of spray reagents with those of authentic samples. Three of …

Pathways Of Enzymic Cholesterol Syntheses, Mary E. Dempsey

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the results of my research on the enzymic steps of cholesterol biosynthesis (Dempsey, 1962; 1964; 1965; Dempsey, Seaton, and Trockmon,1963; Dempsey, Seaton, Sanford, and Trockmon,19640; Dempsey, Seaton, Schroepfer, and Trackman, 19646.2 These data were obtained by use of an enzyme system isolated from rat liver homogenates. The findings have elucidated the pathways of and cofactor requirements for cholesterol synthesis from naturally occurring sterol precursors.

Labeling Of Glutamate, Glutamine, And Aspartate In Brain From C14 Aspartate And Acetate / W. J. Ncklas D. D. Clarke And S. Berl Chemistry Dept., Fordham University And Col. Of Physicians And Surgeons, Columbia University, William J. Nicklas, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Soll Berl

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Guinea pig brain cortex slices incubated in media containing U-C14 aspartic acid form glutamine of higher specific activity than glutamic acid (Fed. Proc. -25, 713 (1966) ). Glutamic acid and glutamine from such experiments were enzymatically decarboxylated and the o/o of label in C-1 ranged from 37 to 42o/o. These values exceed the maximum predicted from the known operation of the citric acid cycle viz. 33o/o. When l-C14 acetate was injected into mice or incubated with brain slices the aspartate isolated from brain had more than 50o/o of the label in C-4. From the known operation of the citric acid …

Determination Of Urinary 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenylethylene Glycol By Gas-Liquid Chromatography And Electron Capture Detection / Sherwin Wilk, Stanley E. Gitlow, Donald D. Clarke And David H. Paley Department Of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, And Department Of Chemistry, Fordham University, New York, N.Y. (U.S.A.), Sherwin Wilk, Stanley E. Gitlow, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, David H. Paley

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The determination of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (HMPG), a major metabolite of epinephrine and norepinephrine by gas-liquid chromatography and electron capture detection is described. A purified extract of HMPG was treated with trifluoroacetic anhydride to form the highly sensitive HMPG-trifluoroacetate derivative. Chromatography was performed on a 6% QF-I- 0065 column at 158°. Recovery was found to be 55·4% using [3H]HMPG. Two sets of eight identical samples demonstrated a standard deviation from the mean of 6.9% and 5.7%. Thirty-five normal human urine specimens assayed by this procedure gave a mean HMPG excretion of 0.86 #gfmg creatinine (range 0.25-1.49). Six urine samples from …

Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism During Germination Of Uredospores Of Puccinia Graminis Tritici, J. M. Daly, H. W. Knoche, M. V. Wiese

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Uredospores of Puccinia gramintis (Pers.) tritici (Eriks. and Henn.) were uniformly labeled with ¹⁴C by permitting the host (Triticuml aestivum L.) to carry out photosynthesis in ¹⁴CO₂ during the process of spore production by the obligate parasite. The use of ¹⁴C labeled spores provided advantages in a study of the utilization of endogenous substrates at frequent intervals with small amounts of spores under conditions conducive to germination.

Metabolic Changes Induced In Rats By Feeding Different Levels Of Galactose With Two Levels Of Corn Oil, Carolyn Qualls Sharp

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

On The Mechanism Of The Thiamine Catalyzed Reductive Dimerization Of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate To Squalene., Horatio D. Durst

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The mechanism of the dimerization of farnesyl pyrophosphate to squalene was investigated in detail. Thiamine was found to catalyze this dimerization in yeast-soluble enzyme preparations. Removal of thiamine was found to cause the buildup of farnesyl pyrophosphate in the enzyme system. Derivatives of thiamine were tested to examine their effect on the dimerization reaction and were found to be inactive. It was found that extremely small amounts of thiamine enhance the formation of squalene while large concentrations inhibit the formation of squalene. Thiamine derivatives were synthesized to try to identify the intermediates in the enzyme system. These compounds are discussed …

An Organ Culture Technique For Maintaining The Pulp Tissue Of Intact Human Teeth, John P. Devincenzo

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The size of explants in organ culture is limited by their ability to feed, respire, and excrete by diffusion. The perfusion procedure described in this report is not limited to a particular explant size. The test tissue was the adult human tooth.

In order to maintain the pulp tissue of the intact human tooth in organ culture, special precautions were taken to prevent internal necrosis and to allow diffusion of nutrients and waste products. Using aseptic technique, a standard tissue culture medium plus appropriate antibiotics were delivered to a glass manifold housed in an incubator with an atmosphere at 100% …

Automated Analysis Of Amino Sugars Using The Elson-Morgan Reaction, Lee Van Lenten

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

A combined chromatographic and analytical system is described for the specific determination of amino sugars. An adaptation of the Elson-Morgan reaction has been made using the equipment of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer. The colorimetric procedure is based partly on the work of Lewy and McAllan . The Elson-Morgan reaction is a two-stage reaction which involves first the reaction of the amino sugar with acetic anhydride or 2 ,4pentanedione and the formation of cyclic intermediates by heating in an al kaline medium. In the second stage, the medium is acidifed and the intermediates coupled with p_-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde to give a colored product. In …

The Complex Formation Of Silver Ion With Ribonucleic Acid, Guanosine, Inosine And Related Compounds And Peroxidase-Like Activity Of A Haemundecapeptide Prepared From Horse Heart Cytochrome C, José Angel Reinosa

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The importance of nucleic acids in plant and animal cells as carriers of genetic information and as protein biosynthesis agents is well recognized. It is also known that nucleic acid is a component of all viruses.

Takahashi (45) and Fraenkel-Conrat (16) demonstrated that the protein component of tobacco mosaic virus is non-infectious to the host plant, although it is identical to the original virus morphologically. The virus ribonucleic acid (RNA) alone was infectious, however.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is present in chromosomes, displays a very specific function. The chromosome long has been accepted as the carrier of the hereditary unit, …

Saponin Content And Some Pod And Blossom Characteristics Of Alfalfa As Related To Seed Infestation By The Alfalfa Seed Chalcid, Ronald D. Morse

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The alfalfa seed chalcid, Bruchophagus ruddi Guss., is a jet-black hymenopteran wasp. The destructive nature of this pest has been recognized since the latter part of the nineteenth century. Every year thousands of acres of alfalfa seed are destroyed, with infestation reaching as high as 8 5 percent in some areas. In Utah the chalcid annually ruins from 5 to 25 percent of the alfalfa seed. Much of this damage goes unnoticed, as infested seed is commonly blown out in the trash during harvesting and cleaning operations . The extent of damage is not restricted to the United States. Wherever …

Compartmentation Of Glutamic Acid Metabolism In Brain Slices / Donald D. Clarke And Soll Berl Columbia Univ. School Of Medicine, N. Y. C., Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Soll Berl

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The presence, in brain, of metabolic pools of glutamic acid have been demonstrated in vivo but not in tissue slices. Brain tissue slices prepared in the cold in Ringer's-bicarbonate containing 1% glucose and stored in an ice bath go not show compartmentation when incubated at 37 (10-20 min.) in a similar medium which contains tracer quantities of C aspartic acid, U.l.; the specific activity of glutamine remains considerably below that of glutamic acid. If such tissue slices are pre-incubated at 37° for 10 min. and then transferred to fresh medium containing radioactive tracer, after 10 min. at 37 , the …

Automation Of The Assay For Transglutaminase / Donald D. Clarke And Ruth Nicklas, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Ruth Nicklas

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Transglutaminase is an enzyme which catalyzes the Ca++-activated incorporation of amines into proteins. More detailed studies of the action of this enzyme showed that the incorporated amines displaced ammonia, and that only L-glutamine and not asparagine residues in the protein or peptide are substrates for this enzyme. This enzyme will not act on free glutamine, hence is not to be confused with glutaminase or transamidases which will act on free glutamine as a substrate. A variety of substituted glutamine peptides have been found to have substrate activity for this enzyme. Neidle and Acs, and more recently Folk and Cole, have …

Investigations On Lignins And Lignification Pt. Xxxi Characterization Of Metasequoia 'Milled-Wood' Lignin / By Michael J. Reale, Donald D. Clarke, Walter J. Schubert And F. F. Nord Laboratory Of Organic Chemistry And Enzymology), Fordham University, Bronx, New York, Michael J. Reale, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Walter J. Schubert, Friedrich F. Nord

Chemistry Faculty Publications

A young Metasequoia tree was debarked; its branches and heartwood were removed. The branches, sapwood and heartwood were separately ground to 8o mesh and air-dried. The moisture and lignin contents of these were determined. "Milled-wood" lignin was isolated from the sapwood sawdust, and was characterized by means of its ultraviolet and infrared absorption spectra. As a means of determining the empirical formula and the number of certain functional groups present in this lignin, an acetylated derivative and a phenylhydrazone were prepared. These were also studied spectroscopically. Elemental, methoxyl and acetoxyl analyses were performed on the original lignin and on its …

Electron Capture Properties Of Halogenated Amine Derivatives / By Donald D. Clarke, Sherwin Wilk, And Stanley E. Gitlow, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Sherwin Wilk, Stanley E. Gitlow

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The use of gas-liquid chromatography (G.L.C.) for the analysis of amines of biological interest is currently under investigation in our laboratory. An intensive study of the chromatographic properties of a number of derivatives was presented by VandenHeuvel et al. (1), and this laboratory in a short communication reported on the possible use of heptafluorobutyrylated amine derivatives (2). As was noted in this early communication, sensitivity considerations must maintain priority in any proposed assay because of the extremely small quantities of these compounds present in biological fluids. For this reason, we have chosen to employ the electron capture detector (3). Trifluoroacetyl …

Organo-Phosphorus Insecticides For Control Of Red-Legged Earth Mite And Lucerne Flea, J A. Button

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

MOUNTING CONCERN over residue problems arising from the use of D.D.T. and other chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides on pasture has highlighted the need for alternative chemicals capable of providing satisfactory control without undesirable side effects.

Genetic And Biochemical Aspects Of O-Hydroxycinnamic Acid Synthesis In Melilotus Alba, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, A. Kleinhofs

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In sweetclover (Melilotus alba Desr.) the cis- and trans-isomers of o-hydroxycinnamic acid occur primarily as the respective, β-D-glucosides. Available evidence indicates that these glucosides are formed via the following pathway: phenylalanine (formed from shikimic acid) → trans-cinnamic acid → o-coumaric acid (trans-o-hydroxycinnamic acid) → o-coumaryl glucoside (trans-β-D-glucosyl-o-hydroxycinnamic acid) → coumarinyl glucoside (cis-β-D-glucosyl-o-hydroxycinnamic acid). In tissues that are disrupted, coumarinyl glucoside is rapidly hydrolyzed by the action of endogenous β-glucosidase to yield coumarinic acid, which lactonizes spontaneously to form coumarin. The cu …

The Role Of Thiamine Pyrophosphate In Regulating The Level Of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid In The Central Nervous System, Bryant L. Adams

Theses and Dissertations

The level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the brains of white rats suffering from thiamine deficiency symptoms resulting from pyrithiamine or oxythiamine antagonism of thiamine or from thiamine deprivation was measured. The level of this amino acid was 17.5% lower in the brains of pyrithiamine-treated rats and 20.0% lower in the brains of thiamine-deprived rats than in the control rats. Daily injections of ten times the required amounts of vitamin B6 in rats treated with pyrithiamine or oxythiamine or by thiamine deprivation had no effect on the level of brain gamma-aminobutyric acid or on the psiological behavior of these rats. The …

Studies Of Rat Brain Thiamine Pyrophosphokinase, Lavell Rolfson Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

The enzyme ATP:thiamine pyrophosphotransferase (thiamine pyrophosphokinaseJ was purified from acetone powders which were prepared from rat brains up to the chromatography on alumina C_γ step by a modified procedure that Mano (Y. Mano, J. Biochem., 42, 283 (1960)] developed for the purification of the rat liver thiamine pyrophosphokinase. The enzyme was purified 12 fold over that in the original extract of the acetone powder. A spectrophotometric assay for the brain thiamine pyrophosphokinase was developed utilizing brewer's yeast apotransketolase. The transketolase assay was able to detect less than 10^-11 moles of thiamine diphosphate, which was synthesized by the kinase, in the …

Water Chemistry Survey Of Boulder Basin, Lake Mead, P. R. Tramutt, Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

The survey results indicate that the impoundment of water behind Hoover Dam has not adversely affected the dissolved oxygen (DO) content and that water quality and DO content were uniform regardless of depth. The study made in April-May 1964 will provide water quality data of Lake Mead prior to releases from Lake Powell as a basis for evaluating Lake Powell's effect on water quality and limnology of Lake Mead. The performance of a DO analyzer was tested and found unsatisfactory at depths below 150 ft. Parameters tested by standard chemical analyses of water samples in the Denver Laboratory and by …

The Effect Of Fluoride On C14O2-Fixation And The Synthesis Of Organic Acids, Amino Acids, Protein And Carbohydrates, Chin-Fung Li

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Many studies have been conducted on the effect of fluoride on plants, but the exact mechanisms by which fluoride causes damage is little understood. The following physiological and metabolic processes are known to be affected by fluoride: a decrease in chlorophyll (McNulty and Newman, 1961), a diminished rate of photosynthesis (Thomas and Hendricks, 1956; Bishop, et al., 1958), decreased plant growth (Bonner and Thimann, 1950), inhibition of ascorbic acid synthesis (Smith, 1952), variation in starch and total polysaccharides (Donald and Emerson, 1961), inhibition of glucose transport (Jiri, et al., 1962), inhibition of metabolism (Ordin and Skoe, 1963), effects …

A Study Of 5-Fluorouracil: Its Effects And Mode Of Action In Drosophila Melanogaster, John B. Jenkins Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Investigations involving the fluorinated pyrimidine, 5-fluorouracil, and its effects on viruses, bacteria, plants and mammals, have brought to light the following facts: FU inhibits the growth of bacteria, plants and mammalian cells and it decreases the ability of certain viruses to produce progeny. In other words, FU is an antimetabolite that inhibits growth and/or reproduction. Two mechanisms have emerged from these studies to define the mode of action of FU. The first mechanism involves the incorporation of the compound into the RNA of the organism thus altering the base sequence and creating a non functional or damaging nucleic acid. The …

Interrelationships Of Certain Metabolic Responses To Threonine Deficiency And To Various Dietary Carbohydrates In The White Rat, Elizabeth Bright

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Saturated And Unsaturated Long Chain Fatty Acids On Various Components Of Lipid And Carbohydrate Metabolism, Joyce T. Burgess

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Dietary Galactose Vs. Glucose With Corn Oil And With Hydrogenated Coconut Oil On Various Metabolic Functions In Rats, Mabel R. Coleman, Catherine Carroll

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.