Zoology Commons^™

Fall Field Report, August-November, 2000, W. Ross Silcock

Nebraska Bird Review

This fall season was amazing, or as Stephen Dinsmore put it: ''The birding was simply spectacular in western Nebraska this fall," There was something for everyone, whether rarity-chasers, taxonomists, listers, or whatever. There were no fewer than four new species for the state list (pending NOURC approval, of course!), a total of 315 species reported, and fascinating information on western subspecies in the Panhandle.

Numbers of western migrants reached record levels, exemplified by fall totals of 53 Townsend's Warblers, 25 MacGillivray's Warblers, and 28 Western Tanagers. By contrast, eastern migrant warblers in the east were almost non-existent.

At L McConaughy, …

Mortality Of Adult White-Tailed Deer On Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, Gregory G. Humphreys, Thomas A. Nelson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We conducted a telemetry study on Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, to estimate the extent, timing, and causes of mortality among resident adult white-tailed deer {Odocoileus virginianus). Twenty-seven deer were captured, radio-collared and monitored for 1 yr to assess seasonal mortality. Annual mortality rates differed considerably between sexes, with males exhibiting a much higher rate (86.1%) than females (5.3%). The primary causes of death among males were poaching, predation by coyotes, and legal harvest. Legal harvest by a gun-hunter accounted for the only female mortality. No mortalities were attributed to military exercises, which occurred frequently on the study area. Our results suggest …

Feeding Relationship Between Two Synoptic, Morphologically Similar Fishes, The Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia Affinis) And The Blackspotted Topminnow (Fundulus Olivaceus), Allyson R. Neely, Edmund J. Pert

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We sampled fish during the summer of 1999, in Caney Bayou on the campus of the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Jefferson County, in order to study the feeding relationship between the western mosquitofish (Gambusia ajfinis) and the blackspotted topminnow (Fundulus olivaceus). We identified and enumerated the diet items of 56 blackspotted topminnows and 28 mosquitofish that were captured using electroshocking, seining, and dipnetting. Pooled diet items for each species were analyzed using a variety of approaches: percent of diet composition, frequency of occurrence, Levins' measure of diet breadth, and Morisita's measure of diet overlap. Twenty-one percent of mosquitofish …

Record Of The Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser Fulvescens Rafinesque, From The Caddo River (Ouachita River Drainage), Arkansas, Betty G. Crump, Henry W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

First Record Of The Subterranean Amphipod Crustacean Allocrangonyx Hubrichti (Allocragonyctidae) In Arkansas, Henry W. Robison, John R. Holsinger

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Predator Chemical Cues And Conspecific Alarm Signals Upon Behavior In Early And Late Developmental Stages Of American Toad (Bufo Americanus) Tadpoles, Carol Lynette Johnson

Masters Theses

The chemosensory capability and subsequent habitat choice of larval American toad (Bufo americanus) tadpoles were quantified using choice of refuge with both early and late developmental stages. Treatments were performed with two tadpole densities to ascertain the effect of social aggregations upon behavior. Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and predaceous diving beetle larvae (Dytiscus sp.) predators were used to condition water. Conspecific tadpoles as well as Southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) tadpoles were used to prepare treatment extracts.

Tadpole density (n=10 and n=20) had no significant effect upon the percentage of tadpoles seeking cover …

New Rumen Ciliates From Turkish Domestic Cattle ( Bos Taurus L.): 2. Epidinium Graini N. Sp. (Ophryoscolecidae, Entodiniomorphida), Bayram Göçmen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In the course of examining rumen contents obtained from 30 domestic cattle ( Bos taurus L.) in the vicinity of İzmir, Turkey, somewhat similar but unusual forms of epidinia were observed. These ciliated protozoa were observed in six of the animals with a frequency of 20.00%, and this study is concerned with their classification into a species, Epidinium graini n. sp. All the protozoa identified as belonging to this species were divided into three formae, E. graini f. graini n. f., E. graini f. caudatricoronatum n. f. and E. graini f. caudaquadricoronatum n. f.. These species have 2-4 transversally periplasmic …

The Ciliate Fauna In The Digestive System Of Rana Ridibunda(Amphibia: Anura) I: Balantidium (Balantidiidae, Trichostomatida), Naci̇ye Gülkiz Şenler, İsmai̇l Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Balantidium spp. living in the digestive system of Rana ridibunda in Van were determined. Five species belonging to the genus Balantidiumwere distinguished. Of these, one new species was recognized, described as Balantidium vanensisn. sp. This study reports for the first time the presence of B. helenae, B. claperedei and B. giganteumin the digestive system of R. ridibunda. These species are also new records for the protozoan fauna of Turkey. There was only B. duodeni in the duodenum and B. elongatum in the intestinal part next to the duodenum. The species of the genus Balantidium in the rectum constituted 50.21% of …

A Study On The Fishes Of Edremit Bay (Aegean Sea)Hatice Torcu, Zeliha Aka, Hati̇ce Torcu, Zeli̇ha Aka

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This investigation was carried out for the determination of fish species living in Edremit Bay (Aegean Sea). Morphometric and meristic characters of fishes caught by trawl and various nets from five stations determined in Edremit Bay in the years 1996- 1997 were examined. Some morphological and ecological properties, local names and distributions to stations of 68 determined species are given. These species are new records for Edremit Bay of Aegean Sea.

A Taxonomical Study On The Rotifer Fauna Of Yedigöller (Bolu-Turkey), Ahmet Altindağ

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The study was carried out at Yedigöller (Turkey) between January and November, 1997. Thirty-one species of rotifers were identified, all of which were new for Yedigöller. Three species ( Dicronophorus caudatus, Synchaeta lokowitziana, Trichocerca bidens ) were new records for the Turkish fauna.

A Preliminary Study On The Ostracoda (Crustacea) Fauna Of Lake Aksehir, Selçuk Altinsaçli, Mustafa Kiliç, Songül Altinsaçli

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, material was collected from Lake Aksehir in the years 1997 to 1999. The materials, collected from six localities, were evaluated and eleven speceis (Ilyocypris biplicata, Ilyocypris gibba, Candona angulata, Candona compressa, Candona neglecta, Eucypris zenkeri, Cyprinotus salinus, Heterocypris incongruens, Ilyodromus olivaceus, Cypridopsis vidua, Limnocythere inopinata) belonging to eight genera were determined.

Freshwater Isopod Species (Crustacea) Of Turkish Thrace And Their Distribution, Belgi̇n Çamur Eli̇pek, Ti̇mur Kirgiz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study was undertaken to determine the freshwater Isopod fauna of Turkish Thrace. Samples were collected during the years 1985-1987, 1989-1992 and 1994-1997. According to the results, Asellus (Asellus) aquaticus(L.) Racovitza, Asellus (Asellus) hilgendorfiBovallius, Asellus (Proasellus) infirmus Birstein belonging to the genus Asellus of the Asellidae family and Jaera (Jaera) sarsi Valkanov belonging to the genus Jaeraof the Janiridae family were determined. Of the species, Asellus (Asellus) hilgendorfi Bovallius, Asellus (Proasellus) infirmus Birstein and Jaera (Jaera) sarsi Valkanov are new records for Turkey. The worldwide distributions of these species are included.

Compensatory Growth In Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus Labrax), Sea Bream ( Sparus Aurata) And Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Temel Şahi̇n, Bi̇lal Akbulut, Muharrem Aksungur

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The effects of a period of starvation and subsequent refeeding on the weight and length of sea bass, sea bream and rainbow trout reared at 17%o salinity and at different temperatures were investigated. The fish were starved for 3 weeks and then fed ad libitum by hand for 3 weeks in the 3 periods studied. The study provided evidence of the adaptation of the fish to starvation followed by what may be termed compensatory growth once feeding was resumed. The length changes of the fish indicate that the weight gains were due to grojth rather than increases in gut fat …

The Role Of Phenotypic Plasticity In Host Race Formation And Sympatric Speciation In Phytophagous Insects, Particularly In Aphids, Gazi̇ Görür

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The genetic structure of aphid populations has received increasing attention as a result of the evolution of insecticide resistance, the appearance of biotypes overcoming plant resistance and the increasing spread of aphid-born viruses. How can they manage to use different hosts and overcome insecticide and plants' morphological barriers? Recently, plasticity has been given more attention in ecological and evolutionary contexts as a specific adaptation to environmental variability. Phenotypic variation is crucial to a comprehension of evolutionary mechanisms, especially phenotypic host race formation and sympatric speciation in aphids. It is becoming clear that phenotypic plasticity is a fundamental component of evolutionary …

An Evaluation Of The Water Quality Of Yuvarlakçay Stream,In The Köycegiz-Dalyan Protected Area, Sw Turkey, Ni̇lgün Kazanci, Muzaffer Dügel

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The longitudinal and seasonal distribution of macroinvertebrates and the physical and chemical variables of Yuvarlak Stream in the Köycegiz-Dalyan Protected Area in South-Western Turkey were studied between April 1992 and April 1993. The diversity, frequency, dominance, abundance and similarity of macroinvertebrates through the year were recorded. In addition, the Belgian Biotic Index was used as a biological criterion for the assessment of water quality for the first time in Turkey. According to the physico-chemical variables and the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates, continuous slight and moderate organic pollution exists in the stream. The monitoring of the water quality of Yuvarlakçay Stream …

A Histochemical Study Of The Origin Regions Of The Triceps Muscle Of The Sparrow (Passer Domesticus), Fati̇me Geyi̇koğlu, Abdullah Özkaral

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The muscle fibers in the origin regions of the triceps muscle of Passer domesticuswere characterized histochemically on the basis of their myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase) activity after acidic and alkaline preincubations. Muscle fibers were identified as type II (alkaline-stable/acid-labile mATPase activity) and type III (alkaline-stable/acid-stable mATPase activity). The number of type II fibers was higher in the muscle studied (83%) and this was found to be significant.

Some Reproduction Characteristics Of Capoeta Tinca (Heckel, 1843) Living In The Oltu Stream Of Çoruh Basin, Ayhan Yildirim, M. Sitki Aras

Turkish Journal of Zoology

913 specimens of Capoeta tinca (Heckel, 1843) were analysed in Oltu Stream-Çoruh Basin from August, 1994 to July, 1996. It was determined that the age distribution in the population varied between I and XII, but age group III was dominant in number. The sexual maturity of specimens in the population were complete at the age of II in males and III in females, and they spawned between May and July when water temperature was 16°C. Fecundity was on average 5561±833 eggs/female and was related to fork length, total weight, age and gonad weight.

The Metabolism Of Oxalic Acid, Mahmut Çalişkan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Oxalic acid is a widely occurring natural product of animals, plants and other organisms. It sometimes occurs as a free acid, but more commonly as a calcium salt. Organisms exhibit various levels of oxalate content which even show fluctuations among the organs of the same individual. Although oxalate seems to engage in the metabolism and adaptation of animals, plants and fungi, its mechanism is far from being completely understood. There is now an appreciable body of information regarding the occurrence and significance of oxalic acid in living tissues but the data are widely scattered in various scientific areas due to …

A Study On The Hibernation Of Spermophilus Xanthoprymnus (Bennet, 1835) (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Turkey, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak, Mustafa Sözen, Şaki̇r Özkurt

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the hibernation of ground squirrels ( Spermophilus xanthoprymnus) distributed in Central Anatolia were studied in laboratory and field conditions. According to our findings, the hibernation period of ground squirrels began at the end of August and terminated in mid February. The longest and shortest hibernation bouts of ground squirrels were found to be 100 and 21 days, respectively. In this period, the longest ununterrupted hibernation was 13 days. Ground squirrels gained weight during the early months of summer and then lost weight constantly throughout hibernation period. No marked periodic cycles were observed in the periods of weight …

Comparision Of Methods Used For Determination Of Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (Tvb-N) In Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Fati̇h Özoğul, Yeşi̇m Özoğul

Turkish Journal of Zoology

TVB-N (total volatile basic nitrogen) concentration in fish muscle was used as an index of freshness quality to compare the spoilage of rainbow trout wrapped in cling film and in aluminium foil. TVB-N levels in different muscle tissue and in the whole fish were measured every two days for a period of 16 days at 4-6°C. In addition, three different methods of determining of TVB-N were evaluated in terms of sensitivity, reliability, speed, and cost. Regardless of the method of analysis, there was an increase in the level of TVB-N during storage, especially after 7-9 days. In general, the trend …

The Acar Oid Mites From The Nests Of The Common Vole (Microtus Arvalis) (Rodentia) Of The Lesser Caucasus Within Azerbaijan, Edmi̇la Ali̇evna Abdullaeva

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The results are given of a study on Acaroid mites collected in the summer (July-August) from the nests of the common vole (Microtus arvalis) in the subalpine zone in Shahbuz, Lachin, Keebajar and Kedabek regions of Azerbaijan. Under the specific conditions of the high mountain subalpine meadows of Azerbaijan, the fauna of acaroid mites in the nests of rodents is sufficiently diverse. The presented species list includes 19 species belonging to 2 families and 11 genera. In this region, with its extreme climatic conditions, the nests, with a stable microclimate, serve as a concentration and survival site for the acaroid …

Geographic Variations And Taxonomic Status Of Miniopterus Schreibersi (Kuhl, 1819) In Turkey (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), İrfan Albayrak, Şule Coşkun

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study is a taxonomical revision of 257 specimens of Miniopterus schreibersi (Kuhl, 1819) collected from Turkey between 1974 and 1994. A total of 30 external and cranial measurements and weights and the ages of the specimens were determined. Diagnostic characters, habitat, and measurements of subspecies were recorded. The specimens collected in Turkey were evaluated by comparison with the nominate form distributed nearby, Miniopterus schreibersi pallidus Thomas, 1907, and synonyms. It was determined that both the nominate form and Miniopterus schreibersi pallidus exist in Turkey.

On Specimens Of Rana Ridibunda Pallas, 1771 (Anura: Ranidae) Collected From Isıklı Lake (Çivril-Denizli), Abi̇di̇n Budak, Cemal Varol Tok, Di̇nçer Ayaz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this survey, 17 adult (3 , 14 ) Rana ridibunda specimens were investigated morphologically. The morphological characteristics of the Işıklı Lake specimens are in accordance with those given for R. r. caralitana (1). Furthermore, the distribution range of R. r. caralitana has now been extended.

Lessepsian Fishes Spreading Along The Coasts Of The Mediterranean And The Southern Aegean Sea Of Turkey, Hati̇ce Torcu, Savaş Mater

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The taxonomy and biological characters of 22 Lessepsian fishes living on the coasts of the Eastern Mediterranean and Aegean Sea were examined and 8 species were determined to have commercial importance. Of these, Upeneus moluccensis and Saurida undosquamis have become economic fishes of the Eastern Mediterranean trawl fisheries, having significant stocks. The species previously misidentified as Upeneus asymmetricus was determined to be Upeneus pori. It has been pointed out that new species can be added to the recorded ones by the consequent influx of Red Sea biota into the Levant.

Short Term Secondary Production And Population Dynamics Of Crustacea Rotifera In Three Different Biotops Of Neusiedler See (Austria), Nuray Emi̇r Akbulut

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This paper describes the population dynamic parameters of the two crustaceans Diaphanosoma mongolianum, Arctodiaptomus spinosus and four rotifer species which are Filinia longiseta, Hexartra mira, Brachionus angularis and Polyarthra vulgaris.

Reproduction Characteristics Of Thinlip Grey Mullet, Liza Ramada(Risso 1826) Inhabiting Akgöl-Paradeniz Lagoons (Göksu Delta), Serap Ergene Gözükara

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In order to determine the reproduction characteristics of Liza ramada, a fish of economical importance, the GSI, egg diameter, sex maturity, age and sex ratio were examined in 228 specimens caught periodically, between February 1992 and July 1994 in Akgöl-Paradeniz Lagoon. According to the GSI % and egg diameter, the reproduction period of Liza ramada was determinedto be November and December. The lowest GSI % obtained for Liza ramada was 4.99 % in February and the highest values were16.67 % in November and 11.67 % in December. The average egg diameter of Liza ramadaranged from 0.15 to 0.69 mm. It …

A Preliminary Study On The Reproduction Of The Rabbitfish (Siganus Rivulatus (Forsskal, 1775)) In The Northeastern Mediterranean, Hacer Yeldan, Dursun Avşar

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study was carried out to identify some aspects of the reproductive cycle of the rabbitfish ( Siganus rivulatus) inhabiting the northeastern Mediterranean. For this reason, monthly sampling was conducted between February 1995 and June 1996, and a total of 473 specimens were used. By using the monthly changes in the values of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and Condition Factor (K), it was found that their reproduction takes place during July and August. The mean diameter of ripe gonadal eggs was 0.44 mm; and mean fecundity and its standard deviation was found to be 434761±181006. Fecundity-total length, fecundity-total weight and …

Genetics And Some Aging-Related Mechanisms, Şükran Çakir

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Aging can be defined as the time-dependent decline of physiological functions of an organism. Aging, a multifactorial process composed of both genetic and environmental components, is a highly complex biologic phenomenon of great importance. The details of the mechanisms leading to aging are not yet known. All changes in the process of aging have a cellular basis, and perhaps aging should be studied, fundamantally, at the cellular level under defined and controlled environmental conditions. Some genetic approaches have promise for the understanding of this multifactorial process. In this review, some causal hypotheses related to oxidative damage, caloric restriction, mitochondrial mutations, …

Genetic Structure Of Mediterranean Sea Turtle Populations, Yakup Kaska

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences of two species ( Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas) of sea turtles from the Mediterranean were analysed using samples from Northern Cyprus. Only one single haplotype for each species was detected. These results were compared with other published work regarding the genetic structure of sea turtle populations. These results suggest that the Mediterranean population of sea turtles were separated from their Atlantic relatives in the recent past. In order to protect these endangered sea turtles and to preserve the genetic diversity of the sea turtle population in the Mediterranean, individual nesting sites must …

Histological Study In The Digestive Tract On Larval Development Of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Walbaum, 1792), Mustafa Sarieyyüpoğlu, Aydin Gi̇rgi̇n, Si̇bel Şi̇mşek

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study the development of the digestive tract of newly hatched rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae were examined. The digestive tract was attached to the anus a few hours after hatching. On the second day their mouths were open and the differentiation in the esophagus started. Mucosal folds contained a large quantity of cubic epithelium and goblet cells. Goblet cells were stained positively with Alcian blue and also stained negatively with P.A.S. The wall of the esophagus consisted of a circular muscle layer and a thin tunica serosa. It was possible to see a thin longitudinal muscle layer …