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Articles 6871 - 6900 of 10524
Full-Text Articles in Zoology
Nest Site Characteristics And Nest Densities Of Ardieds (Night Heron: Nycticorax Nycticorax, Grey Heron: Ardea Cinerea, And Little Egret: Egretta Garzetta) In The Nallıhan Bird Sanctuary (Sarıyar Reservoir, Ankara, Turkey), Zafer Ayaş
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study, the nesting site characteristics and nest densities of ardeids (grey heron: Ardea cinerea; night heron: Nycticorax nycticorax, and little egret: Egretta garzetta) were investigated in Nallıhan Bird Sanctuary. It was found that the site of breeding colony had 166 trees consisting of willows (92) and poplars (74); 105 of which (63 willow and 42 poplar) were found occupied by ardeid nests. In the sampled trees (n = 40), 395 nests (night heron: 254, grey heron: 103, and little egret: 38) were located; 244 of which were located in willows (night heron: 170, grey heron: 44; little egret: …
Iranian Asilidae (Insecta: Diptera), Rüstem Hayat, Hassan Ghahari, Robert Lavigne, Hadi Ostovan
Iranian Asilidae (Insecta: Diptera), Rüstem Hayat, Hassan Ghahari, Robert Lavigne, Hadi Ostovan
Turkish Journal of Zoology
A new checklist of Asilidae from Iran, consisting of 156 species and subspecies belonging to 9 subfamilies, is presented. One tribe, 8 genera, and 31 species are new records for the Iranian fauna. Notes on synonymy, distribution, habitat, and prey of the species are included.
First Record Of Chromogobius Zebratus (Gobiidae) For The Mediterranean Coast Of Turkey, Semi̇h Engi̇n, Göktuğ Dalgiç
First Record Of Chromogobius Zebratus (Gobiidae) For The Mediterranean Coast Of Turkey, Semi̇h Engi̇n, Göktuğ Dalgiç
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The Kolombatovic's goby Chromogobius zebratus, was caught for the first time from the Turkish coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The lateral-line system and morphometric features of this species were examined.
Ptenoglossa Species (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Distributed Along The Turkish Coast Of The Aegean Sea, Bi̇lal Öztürk, Alper Doğan, Banu Bi̇tli̇s, Mesut Önen
Ptenoglossa Species (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Distributed Along The Turkish Coast Of The Aegean Sea, Bi̇lal Öztürk, Alper Doğan, Banu Bi̇tli̇s, Mesut Önen
Turkish Journal of Zoology
This study was performed to determine Ptenoglossa species (Mollusca, Gastropoda) distributed along the Turkish coastline of the Aegean Sea. The examination of samples, taken between 1995 and 2005 from various biotopes and depths up to 300 m, yielded 249 specimens and 130 shells, belonging to 33 ptenoglossate species, of which Monophorus thiriotae Bouchet 1984, Similiphora similior (Bouchet and Guillemot 1978), Cerithiopsis diadema Monterosato 1874, Cerithiopsis jeffreysi Watson 1885, Krachia tiara (Monterosato 1874), Punctiscala cerigothana (Sturani 1896), Melanella boscii (Payraudeau 1826), and Nanobalcis nana (Monterosato 1878) were unrecorded from the Turkish coasts. Furthermore, M. thiriotae and K. tiara are new reports …
Zercon Foveolatus Halaskova, 1969, A New Record Of A Zerconid Mite (Acari, Zerconidae) For The Turkish Fauna, Raşi̇t Urhan
Zercon Foveolatus Halaskova, 1969, A New Record Of A Zerconid Mite (Acari, Zerconidae) For The Turkish Fauna, Raşi̇t Urhan
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Zercon foveolatus Halaskova, 1969 is recorded from Turkey for the first time. The morphological characters of this species are reviewed and figures are drawn. Its geographic distribution is given.
Two New Species Of Zercon C.L.Koch (Acari, Mesostigmata, Zerconidae) From Turkey: Zercon Longisetosus Sp.N. And Zercon Osmanelinensis Sp.N., Raşi̇t Urhan
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Two new species of zerconid mites, Zercon longisetosus sp.n. and Z. osmanelinensis sp.n., from Turkey are described and illustrated. Additionally, a key to adults of Zercon known from Turkey is given.
A New Host, Sphenoptera Tappesi Marseul (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), For Dolichomitus Kriechbaumeri (Schulz) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) From Turkey, Hali̇l Bolu
Turkish Journal of Zoology
This study was conducted during April-June 2004 in Diyarbakır province. The ichneumonid parasitoid, Dolichomitus kriechbaumeri (Schulz) (syn. subglabratus), was reared from the larvae of Sphenoptera tappesi Marseul, which infests the trunks and twigs of peach and plum trees in orchards. S. tappesi is a new host for D. kriechbaumeri.
Contributions To The Turkish Tachinidae (Diptera) Fauna, Kenan Kara, Sadi̇ Aksu
Contributions To The Turkish Tachinidae (Diptera) Fauna, Kenan Kara, Sadi̇ Aksu
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Two tachinid species, Leskia erevanica Richter, 1974 and Tachina grossa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Tachinidae), are recorded for the first time from Turkey.
Mitochondrial Dna Sequence And Body Size Variations In Turkish Sardine (Sardina Pilchardus) Stocks, Ali̇ye Sarmaşik, Fatma Arik Çolakoğlu, Tülay Altun
Mitochondrial Dna Sequence And Body Size Variations In Turkish Sardine (Sardina Pilchardus) Stocks, Ali̇ye Sarmaşik, Fatma Arik Çolakoğlu, Tülay Altun
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Sardine (Sardina pilchardus) is one of the most important species among Turkish fisheries and is broadly distributed along its coastal waters. In the present study, mitochondrial DNA sequences from the cytochrome b (cytb) gene were examined to assess the genetic diversity of sardines inhabiting Turkish coastal waters. A fragment of sardine cytb DNA from each sample collected from 8 representative regions along the coastal zones was amplified by PCR analysis and subsequently sequenced. The results of sequence analysis determined the existence of variations in 16 single nucleotide sites within the 452 bp fragment of the cytb gene examined in the …
Nitrate-Induced Morphological Anomalies In The Tadpoles Of Nyctibatrachus Major And Fejervarya Limnocharis (Anura: Ranidae), S. V. Krishnamurthy, Das Meenakumari, H. P. Gurushankara, Venkateshaiah Vasudev
Nitrate-Induced Morphological Anomalies In The Tadpoles Of Nyctibatrachus Major And Fejervarya Limnocharis (Anura: Ranidae), S. V. Krishnamurthy, Das Meenakumari, H. P. Gurushankara, Venkateshaiah Vasudev
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The present study examined the effects of nitrate on the tadpoles of 2 ranid frogs (Nyctibatrachus major and Fejervarya limnocharis) studied under laboratory conditions. Tadpoles of these species were exposed to ecologically relevant concentrations of nitrates (0, 100, 2500, and 5000 µg NO_{3}-N l^{-1}). Upon exposure tadpoles of N. major showed protruded mouth, swollen body and head, paralysis, lateral and vertical swimming, restlessness, and wriggling movement. Tadpoles of F. limnocharis showed swollen body and head, bent tail, paralysis, restlessness, depigmentation, and intestinal hemorrhage. In both species, abnormalities increased with the increase in nitrate concentration. However, compared to F. limnocharis, tadpoles …
Sem Observations And Morphometrics Of The Cabbage Cyst Nematode, Heterodera Cruciferae Franklin, 1945, Collected Where Brassica Spp. Are Grown In Tabriz, Iran, Habibeh Jabbari, Gholamreza Niknam
Sem Observations And Morphometrics Of The Cabbage Cyst Nematode, Heterodera Cruciferae Franklin, 1945, Collected Where Brassica Spp. Are Grown In Tabriz, Iran, Habibeh Jabbari, Gholamreza Niknam
Turkish Journal of Zoology
During a survey of plant parasitic nematode biodiversity in vegetable fields of Tabriz, East Azerbaijan province, Iran between 2004 and 2005, 25 species belonging to 16 genera of nematodes were identified from 88 soil and root samples, among which a large population of the cyst nematode, Heterodera cruciferae, was found in most of the sampling regions. Cysts, males, and second-stage juveniles were extracted from field soils, and from the infected roots of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes) and white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. captita alba). The morphology of the cysts, second-stage juveniles, and males established the identity of …
The Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Fauna Of Kayseri And Sivas Provinces With A New Record For Turkey, Murat Kütük
The Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Fauna Of Kayseri And Sivas Provinces With A New Record For Turkey, Murat Kütük
Turkish Journal of Zoology
This study is based on the fruit fly material collected in the Kayseri and Sivas provinces of Turkey during 2005 and 2006. Thirty-nine species of fruit flies were identified in the study region. Urophora tenuior Hendel is recorded for the first time from Turkey. The distribution, host plants, and figures of wing patterns of each species are given. The zoogeographic distribution of the species is included.
Embryonic Mortality In Loggerhead Turtle (Caretta Caretta) Nests: A Comparative Study On Fethiye And Göksu Delta Beaches, Adem Özdemi̇r, Oğuz Türkozan, Özgür Güçlü
Embryonic Mortality In Loggerhead Turtle (Caretta Caretta) Nests: A Comparative Study On Fethiye And Göksu Delta Beaches, Adem Özdemi̇r, Oğuz Türkozan, Özgür Güçlü
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In total, 66 loggerhead turtle nests were examined and compared in terms of embryonic mortality during the 2004 and 2005 breeding seasons on Fethiye and Göksu Delta beaches. In all, 5012 eggs were counted, 2751 (54.90%) of which hatched successfully. Of the 2261 unhatched eggs, 68 (1.35%) were classified as unidentified eggs and 2193 (43.75%) were classified as containing dead embryos. Of these dead embryos, a high percentage were in the early stage (n = 1177, 23.48%) and late stage (n = 814, 16.24%,) of development. The lowest percentage of the eggs with dead embryos (n = 202, 4.03%) were …
Use Of Otolith Length And Weight In Age Determination Of Poor Cod (Trisopterus Minutus Linn., 1758), Gülnur Meti̇n, Akin Türker İlkyaz
Use Of Otolith Length And Weight In Age Determination Of Poor Cod (Trisopterus Minutus Linn., 1758), Gülnur Meti̇n, Akin Türker İlkyaz
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Totally 189 poor cod (Trisopterus minutus Linn., 1758) specimens were collected by trawling in the central Aegean Sea between April 2001 and March 2002. The relationship of the otolith length and weight with the age of poor cod was investigated, as the age determination is relatively difficult by otolith readings. There was a linear relationship between the fish length (LT) and the otolith length (L_{o}), i.e. L_{o} = 0.421 LT + 1.659 (R^{2} = 0.998), a linear relationship between the fish age (T) and the otolith weight (W_{o}), i.e. W_{o} = 0.041 T - 0.030 (R^{2} = 0.994), and a …
Karyotypes Of Two Iranian Bat Species, Myotis Blythii And Miniopterus Schreibersii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae, Miniopteridae), Ahmet Karataş, Muhammed Mouradi Gharakheloo, Teoman Kankiliç
Karyotypes Of Two Iranian Bat Species, Myotis Blythii And Miniopterus Schreibersii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae, Miniopteridae), Ahmet Karataş, Muhammed Mouradi Gharakheloo, Teoman Kankiliç
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The karyotypes of 2 bat species from Iran were examined. The diploid number of chromosomes (2n) and the fundamental numbers of chromosomal arms (NFa) were determined to be 2n = 44 and NFa = 54 for Myotis blythii and 2n = 46 and NFa = 50 for Miniopterus schreibersii, respectively. The karyotypes of Iranian bats show similarity within populations in other countries with respect to the diploid chromosome numbers; however, they are quite different in the fundamental chromosome numbers and the numbers of autosomal arms.
Gerromorpha And Leptopodomorpha (Insecta; Heteroptera) Fauna Of Southwest Anatolia, Suat Kiyak, Ali̇ Salur, Savaş Canbulat
Gerromorpha And Leptopodomorpha (Insecta; Heteroptera) Fauna Of Southwest Anatolia, Suat Kiyak, Ali̇ Salur, Savaş Canbulat
Turkish Journal of Zoology
This study was based on 1627 specimens belonging to 12 species and 1 subspecies of 8 genera in 7 families of the infraorders Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha of the order Heteroptera. The specimens were collected from Southwest Anatolia (provinces Antalya, Burdur, Isparta, Denizli, Aydın, and Muğla) during 2000-2002. Eleven species and 1 subspecies of these are the first records for this area. These species are Mesovelia vittigera (Mesovelidae), Hebrus pusillus (Hebridae), Hydrometra stagnorum (Hydrometridae), Velia affinis filippii, V. caprai (Veliidae), Aquarius paludum, Gerris argentatus, G. costae, G. lacustris (Gerridae), Saldula pallipes, S. saltatoria (Saldidae), and Leptopus marmoratus (Leptopodidae). Distributions of each …
New Records For Two Sergestids: Sergestes Orientalis Hansen, 1919 And Sergia Umitakae Hashizume And Omori, 1995 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Sergestidae), Farzana Yousuf, Quddusi Bashir Kazmi
New Records For Two Sergestids: Sergestes Orientalis Hansen, 1919 And Sergia Umitakae Hashizume And Omori, 1995 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Sergestidae), Farzana Yousuf, Quddusi Bashir Kazmi
Turkish Journal of Zoology
This paper is on 2 holopelagic shrimps, Sergestes orientalis and Sergia umitakae. Sergestes orientalis is examined on the basis of the material of the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) for taxonomy and distribution. The species was found during the Anton Brunn, Diamantina, Discovery, Oshoro Maru, and Varuna cruises, and reported from the tropical Indian Ocean, the Indo-Australian Archipelago, the western tropical Pacific, and Hawaiian Islands. Two research vessels (Diamantina, Oshoro Maru) collected the material of S. orientalis from the Bay of Bengal located at GPS coordinates between 21°30´S, 110°00´E and 05°55´S, 95°04´E. This report of S. orientalis fills the gap …
Wood Destroying Insects In Düzce Province, Süleyman Akbulut, Aki̇f Keten, Beşi̇r Yüksel
Wood Destroying Insects In Düzce Province, Süleyman Akbulut, Aki̇f Keten, Beşi̇r Yüksel
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Wood destroying insects were investigated in forest depots, imported timbers, and wood products in use in Düzce province. In the collection of insect material trap logs, storage decks, and samples of wooden materials were used. In total, 63 insect species belonging to 31 families of 4 orders were found, and 34 of the identified species were categorized as pest species. In forest depots, the most common insects were bark beetles and longhorned beetles. Several wood-destroying insects were found in imported timbers, such as Platypus cylindrus (Fabricius), Xyleborus sp., and Lymexylon navale (Linnaeus). In addition, the Coleopteran species Lyctus brunneus (Stephens), …
The Geometrid Moths (Lepidoptera) From The Middle And Eastern Black Sea Regions Of Turkey, Feza Can Cengi̇z
The Geometrid Moths (Lepidoptera) From The Middle And Eastern Black Sea Regions Of Turkey, Feza Can Cengi̇z
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The aim of the present study, which was performed in 2003 and 2005 in Sinop, Kastamonu, Samsun, Amasya, Tokat, Ordu, Giresun, Gümüşhane, and Trabzon provinces, located in the middle and eastern Black Sea regions of Turkey, is to determine the species belonging to Geometridae family. Sweep net and light traps were used to collect the samples. Totally 76 species belonging to 59 genera in 5 subfamilies of the Geometridae family were identified. It is determined in the present study that the following number of species were found to be the first record for the fauna of the provinces from which …
A Study Of The Turkish Cryptini Iv. (Cryptinae: Ichneumonidae: Hymenoptera), Mehmet Faruk Gürbüz, Janko Kolarov
A Study Of The Turkish Cryptini Iv. (Cryptinae: Ichneumonidae: Hymenoptera), Mehmet Faruk Gürbüz, Janko Kolarov
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Faunistic data of 39 species belonging to the tribe Cryptini from Cryptinae subfamily were studied. All species were collected from Isparta and surrounding districts between 2001 and 2004. General distribution of each species was given. Among them, 9 species noted in the text by asterisk are new records for the Turkish fauna.
Larval Development Of The Caridean Shrimp Exopalaemon Styliferus (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae) From The South Of Iraq Reared In The Laboratory, Mortadha Yousif Al-Abbad, Sabeeh Hilyel Al-Mayah, Malik Hassan Ali, Salman Daood Salman
Larval Development Of The Caridean Shrimp Exopalaemon Styliferus (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae) From The South Of Iraq Reared In The Laboratory, Mortadha Yousif Al-Abbad, Sabeeh Hilyel Al-Mayah, Malik Hassan Ali, Salman Daood Salman
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The complete series of larval development of the caridean shrimp Exopalaemon styliferus (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) was determined from the laboratory hatching of ovigerous females. There were 6 zoeal stages followed by a megalopa. The distinctive features of zoea I are as follows: total length 2.72 mm, rostrum shorter than peduncle of antennules, scaphognathite of maxilla with 5 setose marginal setae and there are 3 rudiments of peraeopods. These stages were described in detail. A comparison was made with larvae of closely related species.
Contribution To The Empis (Subgenus Empis) (Empididae, Diptera) Fauna Of Turkey, Mustafa Cemal Çi̇ftçi̇, Abdullah Hasbenli̇
Contribution To The Empis (Subgenus Empis) (Empididae, Diptera) Fauna Of Turkey, Mustafa Cemal Çi̇ftçi̇, Abdullah Hasbenli̇
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Specimens of the subgenus Empis collected from different parts of Turkey between 1992 and 2006 were evaluated. Ten species of this genus were identified and 9 of these are the first records for the Turkish fauna.
Molecular Systematic Analyses Of Mediterranean Skates (Rajiformes), Cemal Turan
Molecular Systematic Analyses Of Mediterranean Skates (Rajiformes), Cemal Turan
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA was used to elucidate the pattern of relationships and systematic status of 4 genera, including 9 species of skates (Rostroraja alba, Leucoraja fullonica, Dipturus oxyrinchus, D. batis, Raja clavata, R. montagui, R. asterias, R. miraletus, and R. radula), living in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. The 16S rDNA dataset contained 39 variable and 29 parsimony informative sites. The mean nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.018. The genetic distances between pairs of species showed genetic homogeneity between R. clavata and R. montagui. The highest value of sequence divergence was detected between D. oxyrinchus and R. asterias (0.040). Low …
Occurrence Of The Alien Species Aspidosiphon (Aspidosiphon) Elegans (Sipuncula) On The Levantine And Aegean Coasts Of Turkey, Şermi̇n Açik
Occurrence Of The Alien Species Aspidosiphon (Aspidosiphon) Elegans (Sipuncula) On The Levantine And Aegean Coasts Of Turkey, Şermi̇n Açik
Turkish Journal of Zoology
A total of 37 specimens of Aspidosiphon (Aspidosiphon) elegans were collected at 5 stations located along the Levantine coast of Turkey and at 1 station located near Foça (Aegean Sea). This species inhabited calcareous rocks, the mussel Branchidontes pharaonis, and the alga Corallina mediterranea between 0 and 3 m depths. The population density of this species in the area was found to be 25 ind. M^{-2}. As Aspidosiphon (A.) elegans is a bio-eroder species, its high population density may cause serious damage to coralligenous habitats. This study gives more data regarding the morphological, biological, and ecological features of the species …
A New Species Of The Water Mite Family Pontarachnidae Koenike (Acari: Hydrachnidia) From Turkey, Found In A Gill Filament Of A Fish, Harry Smit
Turkish Journal of Zoology
A new species of the water mite family Pontarachnidae, Pontarachna episce n. sp., is described from the Mediterranean Sea near Turkey. It is the first member of this family from Turkey. The species was collected from a gill filament of a fish.
G- And C-Banded Karyotype Of Cricetulus Migratorius Pallas, 1773 (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Central Anatolia, Ati̇lla Arslan, Şükri̇ye Akan
G- And C-Banded Karyotype Of Cricetulus Migratorius Pallas, 1773 (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Central Anatolia, Ati̇lla Arslan, Şükri̇ye Akan
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The present study reports the banding patterns (G- and C-banding) of chromosomes of Cricetulus migratorius from Central Anatolia. Karyotype of C. migratorius comprised (2n) 22 chromosomes. The number of chromosomal arms (FN) was 44 and the number of autosomal arms (FNa) was 40. Subtelocentric X and Y chromosomes were very similar in size, but they differed on G- and C-banding patterns. Most autosomes in this species were C-negative. Pair no. 4 had very small centromeric C-bands, autosome no. 8 possessed an under-centromeric heterochromatin block, and the distal part of chromosome no. 9 had a C-positive band. The Y chromosomes had …
First Record Of The Eucalyptus Seed Gall Wasp, Quadrastichodella Nova Girault, 1922, (Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) From Turkey, Oğuzhan Doğanlar, Mi̇kdat Doğanlar
First Record Of The Eucalyptus Seed Gall Wasp, Quadrastichodella Nova Girault, 1922, (Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) From Turkey, Oğuzhan Doğanlar, Mi̇kdat Doğanlar
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The present study was carried out during 2006 and 2007 in a eucalyptus planted area in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. The eulophid species Quadrastichodella nova Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) was collected on Eucalyptus spp. seed capsules for the first time in Turkey. This species induces galls on the seeds, attaining low levels of infestation. The plant species Eucalyptus camaldulensis L. (Myrtaceae) is reported as new host for Q. nova.
Some Earthworm Records From Anatolia (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae), Mete Misirlioğlu
Some Earthworm Records From Anatolia (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae), Mete Misirlioğlu
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The goal of this study was to provide additional data on the poorly known earthworm fauna of Anatolia. During the study earthworms from 16 different localities were identified, which resulted in a list of 11 species belonging to 7 genera.
A Preliminary Study Of Earthworms (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) From The City Of İzmir, Turkey, Mete Misirlioğlu
A Preliminary Study Of Earthworms (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) From The City Of İzmir, Turkey, Mete Misirlioğlu
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The results of an earthworm survey of 11 different localities in the city of İzmir (Turkey) are presented. The samples were collected by digging and hand sorting. The 3 following species belonging to 3 different genera were identified in the studied regions: Allolobophora chlorotica, Aporrectodea caliginosa trapezoides and Dendrobaena veneta. In addition, juvenile specimens representing the genera Dendrobaena, Lumbricus, and Allolobophora were collected.
Characterization Of A Contact Zone Between Two Subspecies Of The Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus Fuscus) In Nebraska, Justin D. Hoffman, Hugh H. Genoways
Characterization Of A Contact Zone Between Two Subspecies Of The Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus Fuscus) In Nebraska, Justin D. Hoffman, Hugh H. Genoways
University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers
Two subspecies of the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) are reported to occur in Nebraska. The eastern race, E. f. fuscus, is reportedly bigger and darker than its western counterpart E. f. pallidus. Where these 2 subspecies come in contact is the subject of debate. We used external, cranial, and colorimetric data to investigate geographic variation among populations of E. fuscus in Nebraska to determine the location of the zone of contact between E. f. fuscus and E. f. pallidus. We discovered significant variation in external, cranial, and colorimetric data, suggesting that E. fuscus is …