Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Zoology Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 4531 - 4560 of 10518

Full-Text Articles in Zoology

Fish Are Flexible Learners Who Can Discriminate Human Faces, Ulrike E. Siebeck Jan 2017

Fish Are Flexible Learners Who Can Discriminate Human Faces, Ulrike E. Siebeck

Animal Sentience

In his book “What a fish knows” Jonathan Balcombe (2016a, b) has created a comprehensive profile of a group of animals still often thought to have a 3-second memory, no ability to feel pain, and a generally limited ability to learn. Chapter by chapter, Balcombe dismantles these and other such assumptions and makes a convincing case that fish have many abilities that are not that different from our own. Here, I focus on one example which supports the notion that fish are flexible learners and able to perform tasks which are generally thought to require the advanced processing power of …

Go to article

Sensitizing Humans To Fish Sentience, Kelly Levenda Jan 2017

Sensitizing Humans To Fish Sentience, Kelly Levenda

Animal Sentience

Although fish can feel pain and suffer, they are not often protected legally. Jonathan Balcombe’s What a Fish Knows provides a timely and important contribution to the literature on animal cognition and sentience. By explaining their personalities and capabilities, Balcombe brings much needed public attention to fish and advances the principle that they need and deserve protection.

Go to article

Behavioral And Physiological Assessment Of Zoo-Housed Heterosexual Gorilla (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla) Troops With Multiple Silverbacks, Kaylin S. Tennant Jan 2017

Behavioral And Physiological Assessment Of Zoo-Housed Heterosexual Gorilla (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla) Troops With Multiple Silverbacks, Kaylin S. Tennant

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Based on recognized life history traits and ecology, zoos strive to house their gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in mixed-sex groups with one mature male or silverback, multiple females, and their offspring. However, successful captive breeding programs and a nearly 50:50 birth sex ratio has created the need to house surplus males in solitary conditions or all-male groups. It is commonly believed that male western gorillas will not tolerate one another in the presence of females; however, multi-male, mixed-sex groups have been observed in the wild. For this reason, some zoos have begun experimenting with this scenario. At the …

Go to article

Direct Perception Of Animal Mind, Paul Morris Jan 2017

Direct Perception Of Animal Mind, Paul Morris

Animal Sentience

Kujala’s (2017) target article is ostensibly focused on how everyday folk (fail to) make sense of canine emotions. However, the theories outlined in the article apply to making sense of all aspects of the mentality of both human and non-human animals. The target article neglects the fundamental arguments surrounding the problem of other minds. I explore the relevant arguments and briefly review approaches suggesting that our everyday-life sense that both human and non-human animals are thinking, feeling, emotional beings has a secure epistemological basis.

Go to article

Communicating Canine And Human Emotions, Juliane Bräuer, Karine Silva, Stefan R. Schweinberger Jan 2017

Communicating Canine And Human Emotions, Juliane Bräuer, Karine Silva, Stefan R. Schweinberger

Animal Sentience

Kujala (2017) reviews a topic of major relevance for the understanding of the special dog-human relationship: canine emotions (as seen through human social cognition). This commentary draws attention to the communication of emotions within such a particular social context. It highlights challenges that need to be tackled to further advance research on emotional communication, and it calls for new avenues of research. Efforts to disentangle emotional processes from cognitive functioning might be necessary to better comprehend how they contribute, alone and/or in combination, to the communication of emotions. Also, new research methods need to be developed to account for the …

Go to article

Empathy In Dogs: With A Little Help From A Friend – A Mixed Blessing, Sabrina Karl, Ludwig Huber Jan 2017

Empathy In Dogs: With A Little Help From A Friend – A Mixed Blessing, Sabrina Karl, Ludwig Huber

Animal Sentience

Kujala (2017) presents an extensive overview of existing research on canine emotions in comparison to those of other non-human animals and humans. This commentary provides some additional research results on the intensively debated field of empathy in dogs. We focus on recent advances in the understanding of a fundamental building block of empathy — emotional contagion — and on dogs’ remarkable sensitivity for human emotions, including the skills of assistance dogs.


Go to article

Studying Dog Emotion Beyond Expression And Without Concern For Feeling, Peter F. Cook Jan 2017

Studying Dog Emotion Beyond Expression And Without Concern For Feeling, Peter F. Cook

Animal Sentience

Studies of dog emotion have focused on the expression of social emotion, either because this is taken to suggest human-like feeling states in dogs or because it has been the most accessible signal of dog emotional processing. I argue for an approach grounded in affective neuroscience, relying on direct measures of physiology across different contexts. This work may be particularly fertile in exploring social emotion in the dog, not because dogs necessarily share human emotional states, but because they are unique in having likely evolved to fit a human social niche.

Go to article

Inferring Emotion Without Language: Comparing Canines And Prelinguistic Infants, Stefanie Hoehl Jan 2017

Inferring Emotion Without Language: Comparing Canines And Prelinguistic Infants, Stefanie Hoehl

Animal Sentience

Research on canine emotions has to deal with challenges quite similar to psychological research on social and emotional development in human infants. In both cases, verbal reports are unattainable, and behavioral and physiological methods have to be adjusted to the specific population. I will argue that both regarding empirical approaches and conceptual work, advances in research on social-cognitive development in human infants can inform the study of canine emotions.

Go to article

Positive Emotions And Quality Of Life In Dogs, Patrizia Piotti Jan 2017

Positive Emotions And Quality Of Life In Dogs, Patrizia Piotti

Animal Sentience

Positive affect is fundamental to ensuring good animal welfare. Discrete and dimensional theories of emotion have recently been used to explore the relation between cognition and affect and to develop cognitive measures of positive affect. Human quality-of-life assessment focuses on positive affect, which is difficult to measure objectively in dogs. Expanding on Kujala’s (2017) discussion of positive emotions and cognitive measures of affect, I suggest how these are relevant to assessing canine quality of life.

Go to article

What Can Vigilance Tell Us About Fear?, Guy Beauchamp Jan 2017

What Can Vigilance Tell Us About Fear?, Guy Beauchamp

Animal Sentience

Animal vigilance is concerned with the monitoring of potential threats caused by predators and conspecifics. Researchers have argued that threats are part of a landscape of fear tracking the level of risk posed by predators and conspecifics. Vigilance, which is expected to vary with the level of risk, could thus be used as a measure of fear. Here, I explore the relationship between vigilance and fear caused by predators and conspecifics. The joint occurrence of vigilance and other physiological responses to fear, such as increased heart rate and stress hormone release, would bolster the idea that vigilance can be a …

Go to article

Operationalizing Fear Through Understanding Vigilance, Ralph Adolphs Jan 2017

Operationalizing Fear Through Understanding Vigilance, Ralph Adolphs

Animal Sentience

Beauchamp’s target article raises important questions about the features that often accompany fear. How reliable an indicator of fear is vigilance? Is it constitutive, cause, or consequence of fear? These questions force us towards a clearer definition of “fear.”

Go to article

Considering Side Biases In Vigilance And Fear, Lesley J. Rogers Jan 2017

Considering Side Biases In Vigilance And Fear, Lesley J. Rogers

Animal Sentience

Measures of vigilance and fear might be more consistently associated if side biases are taken into account, because the right side of the brain is specialised to detect predators and to express fear responses. In species with eyes positioned laterally and with relatively small binocular fields, this brain asymmetry is manifested as eye preferences because each eye sends most of its input to be processed in the opposite side of the brain. Hence, responses elicited by stimuli on the animal’s left side are more likely be associated with fear than are responses to the same stimuli on the animal’s right …

Go to article

Methodological Suggestions For Inferring Fear From Vigilance, Julie A. Teichroeb Jan 2017

Methodological Suggestions For Inferring Fear From Vigilance, Julie A. Teichroeb

Animal Sentience

I suggest some methods for data-collection and analysis that may help researchers infer fear from vigilance.

Go to article

What If All Animals Are Sentient?, Arthur S. Reber Jan 2017

What If All Animals Are Sentient?, Arthur S. Reber

Animal Sentience

Birch develops a useful framework for determining when the Animal Sentience Precautionary Principle (ASPP) should be invoked. He rightly notes that there is a lack of agreement among social scientists, ethicists, and legislators even about whether the precautionary principle is useful, let alone when and how it should be implemented. His proposal is to establish a kind of cognitive threshold, and only when an animal shows a sufficient level of sentience would the ASPP be appropriate. From the point of view of the Cellular Basis of Consciousness model (Reber, 2016), all animals are sentient. If correct, the problems Birch identifies …

Go to article

Raising The Moral Consciousness Of Science, Bernard Rollin Jan 2017

Raising The Moral Consciousness Of Science, Bernard Rollin

Animal Sentience

Precaution on behalf of sentient animals should not be tempered by the questionable principle of the amorality of science.

Go to article

Will The Precautionary Principle Broaden Acceptance Of Animal Sentience?, Simon Leadbeater Jan 2017

Will The Precautionary Principle Broaden Acceptance Of Animal Sentience?, Simon Leadbeater

Animal Sentience

Birch uses existing practice to develop a formal Animal Sentience Precautionary Principle (ASPP), which he hopes will become more widely adopted and improve animal welfare outcomes. Birch considers the assumption that all animals are sentient to be extreme. Despite its merits, Birch’s ASPP remains human-centred.

Go to article

What Harmful Practices? The Material Scope Of Animal Protection Legislation, Eze Paez Jan 2017

What Harmful Practices? The Material Scope Of Animal Protection Legislation, Eze Paez

Animal Sentience

Jonathan Birch proposes a criterion for the subjective scope of animal protection legislation. He says nothing about its material scope: which harmful practices it should regulate. I argue, first, that most moral views would agree that the worst forms of animal exploitation should be legally forbidden, even if there will inevitably be disagreement about some cases of animal experimentation. I also argue that, when feasible, there should be legal provisions to help wild animals.

Go to article

Animal Pain And The Social Role Of Science, Leslie Irvine Jan 2017

Animal Pain And The Social Role Of Science, Leslie Irvine

Animal Sentience

Assuming that all animals are sentient would mean ending their use in most scientific research. This does not necessarily imply an unscientific or anti-scientific stance. Examining the social role of science reveals its considerable investment in preserving the status quo, including the continued use of animal subjects. From this perspective, the use of animal subjects is a custom that science could move beyond, rather than a methodological requirement that it must defend.

Go to article

Assessing Negative And Positive Evidence For Animal Pain, Robert W. Elwood Jan 2017

Assessing Negative And Positive Evidence For Animal Pain, Robert W. Elwood

Animal Sentience

Jonathan Birch suggests that we should take one well-conducted study that produces results consistent with the idea of pain as being sufficient to invoke the animal sentience precautionary principle. Here, I consider how to balance negative and positive results from such studies using examples from my own work. I also consider which criteria of pain might provide strong inference about pain and which may prove to be weaker.

Go to article

Lemurfaceid: A Face Recognition System To Facilitate Individual Identification Of Lemurs, David Crouse, Rachel L. Jacobs, Zach Richardson, Scott Klum, Anil Jain, Andrea L. Baden, Stacey R. Tecot Jan 2017

Lemurfaceid: A Face Recognition System To Facilitate Individual Identification Of Lemurs, David Crouse, Rachel L. Jacobs, Zach Richardson, Scott Klum, Anil Jain, Andrea L. Baden, Stacey R. Tecot

Publications and Research

Background: Long-term research of known individuals is critical for understanding the demographic and evolutionary processes that influence natural populations. Current methods for individual identification of many animals include capture and tagging techniques and/or researcher knowledge of natural variation in individual phenotypes. These methods can be costly, time-consuming, and may be impractical for larger-scale, populationlevel studies. Accordingly, for many animal lineages, long-term research projects are often limited to only a few taxa. Lemurs, a mammalian lineage endemic to Madagascar, are no exception. Long-term data needed to address evolutionary questions are lacking for many species. This is, at least in part, due …

Go to article

The North American River Otter (Lontra Canadensis) On The Department Of Energy's Savannah River Site, Emily B. Mccallen Jan 2017

The North American River Otter (Lontra Canadensis) On The Department Of Energy's Savannah River Site, Emily B. Mccallen

Masters Theses

The Department of Energy's (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS) faces a legacy of radionuclide and metal contamination from industrial processes that occurred within the site. The risks posed to ecosystems on the site from contaminants are quantified using the ecological risk assessment process, which often uses the health of a particular species as an ecological endpoint. Northern river otters (Lontra canadensis) are appropriate receptors for studying the effects of long-term, low-level contamination because they are long-lived, higher trophic level organisms likely to accumulate high levels of pollutants. However, little information about river otters on the SRS is known; …

Go to article

Ontogenetic Changes In Nucleic Acid, Protein Contents, And Growthof Larval And Juvenile Japanese Flounder, Xue Hong Tong, Chengman Bao, Xinhui Tang, Xiaolan Yang, Huanli Wang Jan 2017

Ontogenetic Changes In Nucleic Acid, Protein Contents, And Growthof Larval And Juvenile Japanese Flounder, Xue Hong Tong, Chengman Bao, Xinhui Tang, Xiaolan Yang, Huanli Wang

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In order to estimate relationships among growth potential and biochemical indicators of Japanese flounder, RNA and DNA as well as protein indices were measured from 5 days after hatching (DAH) to 45 DAH. Results showed that the RNA/DNA ratio and protein/DNA ratio had obvious relations with instantaneous growth rate (GM) and length-based instantaneous growth rate (GL) during the premetamorphic period. Significant negative correlations among protein/DNA ratio and GM and GL were then observed during metamorphosis. During the postmetamorphic phase, the RNA/DNA ratio was positively correlated with GM and GL. Data indicated that body growth of Japanese flounder is mostly hyperplastic …

Go to article

New Records Of Springtail Fauna (Hexapoda: Collembola: Entomobryomorpha)From Ordu Province In Turkey, Muhammet Ali̇ Özata, Hasan Sevgi̇li̇, Igor J. Kaprus Jan 2017

New Records Of Springtail Fauna (Hexapoda: Collembola: Entomobryomorpha)From Ordu Province In Turkey, Muhammet Ali̇ Özata, Hasan Sevgi̇li̇, Igor J. Kaprus

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study aims to elucidate the Collembola fauna of the province of Ordu, which is situated between the Middle and Eastern Black Sea regions of Turkey. Although a large number of Collembolan specimens had been collected, only Entomobryomorpha species were given emphasis. From 44 different sampled localities of the province of Ordu, we recorded 6 families, 14 genera, and 28 species. Six of these species were previously recorded and 20 of them are new records for Turkey. The results were not surprising, considering that the sampled region had not been studied previously, quite like many habitats in Turkey. With our …

Go to article

Anatrachyntis Badia (Hodges, 1962) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae): The First Report From Turkey And A Case Of Importation To Poland, Lukasz Dawidowicz, Robert Rozwa?Ka Jan 2017

Anatrachyntis Badia (Hodges, 1962) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae): The First Report From Turkey And A Case Of Importation To Poland, Lukasz Dawidowicz, Robert Rozwa?Ka

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Anatrachyntis badia (Hodges, 1962) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) is an opportunistic species native to the southern part of North America. This species was given from several dozens of plants therein from many cultivable plants, such as limes, grapefruits, bananas, peaches, cabbage, blossoms of coconut, Cycas spp., and even pine cones. Thus, it was accidentally introduced to many other countries with appropriate climate with some plants. It can be considered as a plant pest in some cases (e.g., sorghum). The species quite often occurs conjointly with other pest insects, such as mealybug or honeydew moth Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliere, 1867) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). This paper …

Go to article

Dna Sequencing Of Digenea Nuclear Lsrdna Of The Whiskered Brown Bat,Myotis Aurescens (Vespertilionidae: Chiroptera), From Turkey, Nurhan Sümer, Hi̇kmet Sami̇ Yildirimhan Jan 2017

Dna Sequencing Of Digenea Nuclear Lsrdna Of The Whiskered Brown Bat,Myotis Aurescens (Vespertilionidae: Chiroptera), From Turkey, Nurhan Sümer, Hi̇kmet Sami̇ Yildirimhan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Six species of Trematoda (Prosthodendrium ascidia, Prosthodendrium longiforme, Lecithodendrium linstowi, Plagiorchis muelleri, Plagiorchis vespertilionis, and Plagiorchis koreanus) of Myotis aurescens from Bursa Province, Turkey, were examined for DNA sequencing of the 28S ribosomal gene region. A partial sequence of the 28S ribosomal gene from digenean species was studied using BLAST and found to be a useful region for helminth species diagnosis.

Go to article

The Phenology Of Pulvinaria Floccifera Westwood (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), A New Invasive Pest On Ornamentals Outdoors In Poland, Bozena Lagowska, Katarzyna Golan, Katarzyna Kmiec, Izabela Kot, Edyta Gorska Drabik, Katarzyna Goliszek Jan 2017

The Phenology Of Pulvinaria Floccifera Westwood (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), A New Invasive Pest On Ornamentals Outdoors In Poland, Bozena Lagowska, Katarzyna Golan, Katarzyna Kmiec, Izabela Kot, Edyta Gorska Drabik, Katarzyna Goliszek

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The phenology of Pulvinaria floccifera infesting common holly was studied from June 2009 to October 2011 in Central Poland. Live specimens were most abundant on the leaves in July and August, while dead individuals were most numerous in winter and early spring each year. The scale completed one generation per year in the field and both the second and third instar nymphs overwintered. Following the spring molting to the 3rd instar or to the young adult females were observed in April and early May. The young adult females were first recorded in the second 10-day period of May. Oviposition occurred …

Go to article

A Taxonomic Study On The Families Lecanidae And Lepadellidae (Rotifera: Monogononta) Of Turkey And Three New Records For Turkish Inland Waters, Ahmet Bozkurt Jan 2017

A Taxonomic Study On The Families Lecanidae And Lepadellidae (Rotifera: Monogononta) Of Turkey And Three New Records For Turkish Inland Waters, Ahmet Bozkurt

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, 39 rotifer species from the families Lecanidae and Lepadellidae were identified after examination of samples collected from 47 different localities in Turkey. Lecane acanthinula, L. thalera, and L. unguitata are new records for the Turkish rotifer fauna.

Go to article

Updated List Of The Subfamily Omaliinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)From Kazakhstan With Some New Records, Peter Hlavac, Matus Kocian, Oto Nakladal Jan 2017

Updated List Of The Subfamily Omaliinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)From Kazakhstan With Some New Records, Peter Hlavac, Matus Kocian, Oto Nakladal

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A detailed, updated list of the subfamily Omaliinae known from Kazakhstan is provided.

Go to article

Two New Records For Turkish Geometridae (Lepidoptera) Fauna From Ordu Province, Mustafa Özdemi̇r Jan 2017

Two New Records For Turkish Geometridae (Lepidoptera) Fauna From Ordu Province, Mustafa Özdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, a group of specimens from the family Geometridae preserved in the Nazife Tuatay Plant Protection Museum is examined. The specimens were originally collected from Ordu, Turkey. As a result of this work, two new records for the Geometridae fauna of Turkey, namely Asthena anseraria (Herrich-Schaffer, [1855]) and Eupithecia selinata Herrich-Schaeffer, 1861 are given. Adult and genitalia figures of the species are presented.

Go to article

Morphological And Molecular Characterization And Phylogenetic Position Of A Newrecord, Tylenchorhynchus Zeae, And Some Known Species Of Telotylenchidae Siddiqi,1960 And Merliniidae Siddiqi, 1971 From Iran, Somaye Alvani, Esmat Mahdikhani Moghaddam, Hamid Rouhani, Abbas Mohammadi Jan 2017

Morphological And Molecular Characterization And Phylogenetic Position Of A Newrecord, Tylenchorhynchus Zeae, And Some Known Species Of Telotylenchidae Siddiqi,1960 And Merliniidae Siddiqi, 1971 From Iran, Somaye Alvani, Esmat Mahdikhani Moghaddam, Hamid Rouhani, Abbas Mohammadi

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In order to identify the plant-parasitic nematodes associated with Berberis vulgaris, Crocus sativus, and Ziziphus zizyphus, 360 soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of these plants in the South Khorasan Province of Iran during 2012-2014. Among the identified species, Tylenchorhynchus zeae Sethi and Swarup, 1968 of Telotylenchidae Siddiqi, 1960 is a new record from Iran and the isolate is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular characteristics. The phylogenetic tree inferred from partial sequences of the 28S rRNA (D2D3 segments) grouped the Iranian isolate with other T. zeae sequences, forming a strongly supported clade (Bayesian posterior probability: …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last